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词条 List of Celtic deities
释义

  1. Gaulish and Brythonic deities

     Male  Female 

  2. Welsh deities/characters

     Male  Female 

  3. Gaelic deities

     Male  Female 

  4. Celtiberian, Gallaecian and Lusitanian deities

     Male  Female 

  5. Germanian and Pannonian Celtic deities

     Male  Female 

  6. Illyrian and Moesian Celtic deities

     Male  Female 

  7. Pictish deities

     Female 

  8. Galatian deities

     Male 

  9. References

  10. Works cited

{{Multiple issues
|{{Cleanup list|date=July 2018}}{{More citations needed|date=July 2018}}
}}{{Celtic mythology}}{{Main|Celtic pantheon}}

The Celtic pantheon is known from a variety of sources such as written Celtic mythology, ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, religious objects, and place or personal names.

Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general deities and local deities. "General deities" were known by Celts throughout large regions, and are the gods and goddesses invoked for protection, healing, luck, and honour. The "local deities" that embodied Celtic nature worship were the spirits of a particular feature of the landscape, such as mountains, trees, or rivers, and thus were generally only known by the locals in the surrounding areas.[1]

After Celtic lands became Christianised, there were attempts by Christian writers to euhemerize or even demonize the pre-Christian deities. For example, the Tuatha Dé Danann of Irish mythological sources have commonly been interpreted to be a divine pantheon, despite certain redactors' interjecting that the Tuatha Dé Danann were merely mortals, or else that they were demons.[1]

Gaulish and Brythonic deities

The Gaulish Celts inhabited the region corresponding to modern-day France, Switzerland, southern and western Germany, Belgium, Frisia, Netherlands, Holland, Luxembourg and northern Italy. The Brythonic Celts, or Britons, inhabited most of the island of Great Britain and later migrated to Brittany.

Male

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Abandinus - local god in Cambridgeshire
  • Abellio - a god connected with apple trees
  • Aereda - a Gallic serpent god[2]
  • Alisanos (Alisaunus) - a mountain god[3]
  • Alus - an agricultural god[4]
  • Ambisagrus, a god of thunder and lightning, Ancestor God, Sky God, God of Wind, Rain & Hail[5]
  • Andeis - a Gallic god of the Pyrenees[2]
  • Ankou - a god of death
  • Apollo Cunomaglus - a hunter god[6]
  • Apollo Grannus - a healing god[6]
  • Arixus - a Gallic god of the Pyrenees[2]
  • Arpeninus - a Gallic god of the Pyrenees[2]
  • Artahe (Artehe) - a Gallic protector god associated with bears
  • Atepomarus - a Gallic horse god
  • Bedaius - a sea god[7]
  • Belatucadros - a god of war
  • Belenus - a god of healing.
  • Bergimus - god of heights and mountains[8]
  • Borvo - god of minerals and healing
  • Brasennus - a god for whom an inscription in the house of vilicus of Trumplini is dedicated[4]
  • Caletos - a god of the herd[9]
  • Caturix - war god of the Helvetii people
  • Cernunnos - god of animals and the underworld.
  • Cissonius - a god of trade[10]
  • Mars Cnabetius - a god of war[11]
  • Condatis - a god of the confluences of rivers
  • Cuslanus - a god associated with Jupiter[4]
  • Deus Latis - a Brythonic god whose role is unknown
  • Deus Ducavavius - god of the rivers[8]
  • Deus Orevaius - a little known god to whom an inscription at Cemenelum was dedicated[8]
  • Dis Pater (Dispater), a god of the underworld
  • Divano - a war god[12]
  • Dorminus - a god of hot springs[8]
  • Intarabus - a god of the Treveri people
  • Erditse - minor deity known by only one inscription[13]
  • Esus (Hesus)(possibly) the God of vegatation
  • Glanis - a local god associated with a healing spring
  • Gobannus (Gobannos, Cobannus) - a smith god
  • Ialonus - a god of meadows
  • Ihamnagalla Sqnnagalla - a god for whom an inscription was dedicated by Gaius Octavian Capiton[8]
  • Jupiter Felvennis - a god of the sky[8]
  • Leno - patron god of Lérins[14]
  • Leucetios (Leucetius) - a god of thunder
  • Maponos (Maponus) - a god of youth
  • Matunus - a bear god
  • Moccus - protector of boars and pigs
  • Moritasgus - a healer god
  • Mullo - associated with Apollo
  • Nemausus - a god worshipped at Nîmes
  • Niskus - a sea god
  • Nodens (Nudens, Nodons) - a god of healing, the sea, hunting and dogs
  • Ogmios - god of eloquence
  • Paronnus - a god for whom a votive offering at Brixia was dedicated[8]
  • Rudiobus (Rudobius) - war god
  • Smertrios (Smertios, Smertrius) - a god of war
  • Sucellus (Sucellos) - a god of agriculture and wine
  • Taranis (Taranus) - a god of thunder
  • Toutatis (Caturix, Teutates) - a tribal protector god
  • Tridamos - bovine triplication and abundance
  • Ucuetis - blacksmith god
  • Vasio - possibly patron god of Vaison-la-Romaine
  • Vellaunus (Veraudunus) - possibly an ancestral god of death and the Underworld
  • Vernostonus - a Brythonic god, possibly a warrior or funerary god
  • Vindonnus - an epithet for Belenus
  • Vinotonus - His name may mean "God of the Vines"
  • Viridios (Viridius) - possibly a god of plants
  • Virotutis - epithet of Apollo
  • Visucius - Gallo-Roman god of trade
  • Vitucadrus - a god brilliant in energy[9]
  • Vosegus - a god of the Vosges Mountains
{{div col end}}

Female

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Acionna - a river goddess[15][30]
  • Adsullata - goddess of the River Savubalabada
  • Aericula - a mother goddess[16]
  • Aeron - goddess of war and slaughter, tutelary river spirit in Wales
  • Alantedoba - an agricultural goddess[4]
  • Alaterviae - mother goddesses[17]
  • Ammaca - a grandmother goddess[17]
  • Ancamna - goddess of the Moselle River
  • Ancasta - goddess of the River Itchen
  • Andarta - a goddess of war
  • Andraste - goddess of victory
  • Anesiaminehae - mother goddess[17]
  • Annea Clivana - a protective goddess associated with spirits
  • Arduinna - goddess of the Ardennes Forest
  • Arnemetia (Arnamentia) - a water goddess
  • Artio - goddess of the bear
  • Axona - goddess of the river Aisne[18]
  • Baeserta - a goddess of the Pyrenees[2]
  • Belisama - a goddess of lakes and rivers, fire, crafts and light
  • Bergusia - goddess of prosperity
  • Bormana - goddess of minerals and spring water
  • Bricta (Brixta) - a Gaulish water goddess, consort of Luxovius
  • Cailleach - the Scottish hag; creator, destroyer, and oldest ancestor
  • Caimineae - mother goddesses[17]
  • Cantrusteihiae - ancestral mother goddesses[17]
  • Carlin - another name for the Cailleach or a hag
  • Carpundia - a river goddess[15]
  • Cathubodua - a goddess of war
  • Caticatona - a water goddess[19]
  • Clota - matron goddess of the River Clyde
  • Clutoida - a river goddess[15]
  • Coinchend - a female warrior from the Otherworld
  • Coventina - goddess of wells and springs
  • Damara - a fertility goddess
  • Damona - consort of Apollo Borvo and of Apollo Moritasgus, a goddess of healing, fertility, and incubation
  • Dea Latis - a goddess of bogs and pools[14]
  • Dea Matrona - "divine mother goddess" and goddess of the River Marne in Gaul
  • Dea Mediotautehae - mother goddesses[17]
  • Dea Meduna - goddess of healing[17]
  • Dea Sequana - goddess of the River Seine
  • Deae Vediantiae - mother goddesses[20]
  • Dervonnae - mother goddesses[21]
  • Dibǒnā - a fountain goddess[22]
  • Divona (Devona) - a Gallic goddess of a sacred spring used by the city of Burdigala as a water source
  • Dominae - mother goddesses[8]
  • Epona - fertility goddess, protector of horses
  • Erecura (Aeracura) - earth goddess[15]
  • Feminae - mother goddesses[8]
  • Gobróig - goddesses of wells and springs[23]
  • Habetrot - a Brythonic folkloric figure of spinning and healing, later euhemerized
  • Henwen - a sow goddess
  • Erecura - a goddess of death and fertility
  • Histria - a Gallic goddess of land[8]
  • Icaunus (Icauna) - a goddess of a river
  • Icovellauna - goddess of a sacred spring
  • Imona - a well goddess[24]
  • Inciona - a goddess of the Treveran people
  • Lerina - a patron goddess of Lérins
  • Litavis - an earth goddess
  • Maiabus - a Gallic goddess with a role similar to Maia[25]
  • Matres Britannae - a triad of mother goddesses[26]
  • Matres Eburnicae - a triad of mother goddesses[26]
  • Matres Mogontiones - a triad of mother goddesses[26]
  • Matres Nemetiales - a triad of mother goddesses[26]
  • Matres Ollototae - a triad of mother goddesses[26]
  • Matris Augustis - mother goddesses[26]
  • Matronae Aufaniea - mother goddesses[17]
  • Matronae Dervonnae - mother goddesses[20]
  • Matronae Ollogabiae - mother goddesses[17]
  • Matronae Senonae - mother goddesses[26]
  • Matronae Suleviae - mother goddesses[17]
  • Matronae Vediantiae - mother goddesses[20]
  • Maximia - fountain goddess[27]
  • Melusine - an otherwoldly figure associated with mermaid lore
  • Nantosuelta - goddess of nature, the earth, fire, and fertility in Gaul
  • Natae - goddesses whose roles are unknown[8]
  • Niskai - water sprites[21]
  • Ricagambeda - her name may mean "furrow"
  • Ritona (Pritona) - a goddess of the Treveri people
  • Rocloisiabo - mother goddesses[26]
  • Rosmerta - goddess of fertility and abundance
  • Seixomniai Leuciticai - a Celtic goddess, equated with Diana[8]
  • Senua (Senuna) - an older Brythonic goddess of sacred springs
  • Sequana - goddess of the River Seine
  • Sueta - a goddess of hot springs[8]
  • Suleviae - a triune version of Sulis
  • Sulis - goddess of the healing waters at Bath, England
  • Tamesis - goddess of the River Thames
  • Veica Noriceia - a war goddess[8]
  • Verbeia - goddess of the River Wharfe
  • Vesunna - a goddess who gave her name to the town Vesona, now in France[15]
  • Vibes - a goddess attested in Noricum[7]
{{div col end}}

Welsh deities/characters

The Welsh are the Britons that inhabit modern-day Wales ({{Lang-cy|Cymru}}). After the Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain, many Brythonic territories came under Anglo-Saxon influence; in Wales, however, Brythonic Celtic religion was largely retained. Many Welsh myths were later Christianized so it is sometimes difficult to determine if their characters were originally gods, mortals, or historical figures.

Male

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Afallach - descendant of Beli Mawr and father of Mabon ap Modron
  • Amaethon - god of agriculture
  • Arawn (Arawen) - king of the otherworld realm of Annwn
  • Avalloc
  • Beli Mawr - ancestor deity
  • Bladud
  • Bendigeidfran (Brân the Blessed) - giant and king of Britain
  • Cilydd
  • Culhwch
  • Dylan Ail Don
  • Efnysien
  • Euroswydd
  • Gilfaethwy
  • Gofannon (Govannon) - a smith god
  • Gwern[6]
  • Gwydion - magician, trickster, and hero in Welsh mythology
  • Gwyddno Garanhir
  • Gwyn ap Nudd
  • Hafgan
  • Lludd Llaw Eraint
  • Llŷr
  • Mabon - literary figure
  • Mallolwch (Matholwch)
  • Manawydan
  • Mongan
  • Nisien (Nissien, Nissyen)
  • Pryderi
  • Pwyll
  • Taliesin
  • Urien
  • Ysbaddaden
{{div col end}}

Female

  • Agrona - goddess of the rivery Ayr, and of war and slaughter
  • Arianrhod - Goddess of the moon and stars
  • Blodeuwedd - goddess of spring
  • Branwen - goddess of love and beauty
  • Ceridwen - a figure of rebirth and transformation
  • Cigfa - wife of Pryderi
  • Creiddylad - goddess of flowers and love
  • Creirwy - one of the three most beautiful maids in Britain, daughter of Ceridwen
  • Dôn
  • Gwenhwyfar - Arthurian figure
  • Modron,Welsh mythological figure, possible derivation of Dea Matrona
  • Nimue
  • Olwen
  • Rhiannon - a goddess of horses, the moon, and the otherworld
{{div col end}}

Gaelic deities

{{Main|Tuatha Dé Danann}}

Note: Modern spellings are shown in brackets.

Male

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Abarta (Ábartach)
  • Abcán
  • Abhean
  • Abortach - the god of music[28]
  • Aed (Aodh)
  • Aengus a.k.a. Óengus (Aonghus)
  • Ailill Angubae
  • Aillen
  • Allaoi[29]
  • Alldui[30]
  • Amergin Glúingel - ancestor, bard, made treaty with the sovereignty goddesses of Ireland
  • Aí (Aoi)
  • Balor
  • Bel - god of light
  • Bethach[30]
  • Bith - father of Cessair
  • Bodb Dearg (Bodhbh Dearg)
  • Bres (Breas)
  • Brian
  • Builg - a god of the Fir Bholgs[31]
  • Caicher - brother of Nechtan[30]
  • Caither - brother of Tagd
  • Catt - brother of Emer ní Forgail[30]
  • Cenn Cruaich
  • Cermait - god of literature
  • Cian
  • Cichol a.k.a. Cíocal
  • Conand (Conann)
  • Cond - brother of Emer ní Forgail[30]
  • Corb
  • Creidhne
  • Cridenbel - a satirist
  • Crom Cruach
  • The Dagda (Daghdha)
  • Dáire
  • Delbáeth (Dealbhaeth)
  • Dian Cecht
  • Donn[32]
  • Dui Temen[30]
  • Ecne - god of wisdom
  • Elatha (Ealadha)
  • Elcmar (Ealcmhar)[33]
  • Goibniu (Goibhniu)
  • Iuchar
  • Iucharba
  • Juchor[29]
  • Juchorba[29]
  • Labraid
  • Lén
  • Lir
  • Llyr
  • Luchtaine a.k.a. Luchta - a carpenter god
  • Lud
  • Lugh
  • Mac Cuill
  • Mac Cecht
  • Mac Gréine
  • Mac Da Tho - god of the underworld
  • Maeltne - a druidic advisor of the Tuatha Dé Danann[30]
  • Magmor - father of Tailtiu
  • Manannán mac Lir) - Ruler and protector of the Isle of Man, god of mists, the sea and the Otherworld
  • Mean[34]
  • Miach
  • Midir (Midhir)
  • Mug Ruith (Mog Ruith)
  • Nechtan - god of wisdom
  • Neit (Net), Irish god of war, husband of Nemain and/or Badb
  • Nuada Airgetlám (Nuadha)
  • Nuagatt - a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann who fought in the battle of Muighe Tuirreadh[34]
  • Ogma (Oghma) - god of eloquence and writing
  • Ruadan - son of Brigit
  • Seibur - brother of Emer ní Forgail[30]
  • Seonaidh / Shoney
  • Tethra - sea god
  • Tuan MacCarell
  • Tuirenn (Tuireann)
{{div col end}}

Female

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Achall - earth goddess
  • Achtland
  • Adair - daughter of Dagda
  • Aebh - goddess of mist
  • Áed Abrat
  • Aeval (Aebhel)
  • Aibell (Aoibheall)
  • Aimend
  • Aífe - warrior goddess
  • Áine - goddess of sovereignty, midsummer, and pleasure
  • Airmed a.k.a. Airmid - goddess of healing and herbalism[35]
  • Ana - goddess of the earth and fertility[36]
  • Anand a.k.a. Anann a.k.a. Anu
  • Badb (Badhbh) - war goddess who takes the form of a raven flying over battlefields
  • Banba (Banbha) - one of three names of the sovereignty of Ireland, sister of Ériu
  • Bec (Beag) - a goddess associated with a magical well
  • Bébinn a.k.a. Béfind (Bébhinn, Bébhionn, Béfhionn, or Bé Find) - goddess of birth, sister of Boann
  • Bé Chuille
  • Beira
  • Biróg
  • Blathnat
  • Bodhmall
  • Bo Find
  • Boand a.k.a. Boann (Bóinn) - goddess of the river Boyne
  • Brigid (Brigit, Bríd or Brìd) - goddess of poetry, healing, smithcraft and the springtime. She also has two sisters with the same name, forming a triad of goddesses[37]
  • Caer[3]
  • Caillech (Cailleach - the diving Hag, creator and destroyer, found in all Gaelic areas
  • Cally Berry - another name for the Cailleach
  • Canola
  • Carman
  • Cathleen ni Houlihan - not a goddess, but a literary figure from a Yeats play used to represent the concept of sovereignty[38]
  • Cessair (Ceasair)
  • Cethlenn (Cethleann)
  • Chlaus Haistic
  • Cleena - a fairy who seduced young men[15]
  • Clídna (Clíodhna or Clíona).
  • Clothru
  • Danand
  • Danu (Dana).
  • Dechtere (Dechtire)
  • Deirdre
  • Dil - goddess of cattle.
  • Domnu - matriarch of the Fomorians, as Danu is to the Tuatha Dé Danann
  • Edarlamh[39]
  • Ernin - mother of Eri, Fodla, and Banba[39]
  • Ernmas - mother of Ériu
  • Étaín (Éadaoin, Edain) - shapeshifter goddess
  • Ethlinn
  • Ethniu (Eithne) - mother of Lugh
  • Fand - a fairy queen, queen of an otherworld island, sister of Liban
  • Fè - lady of a bard of the Tuatha Dé Danann[40]
  • Fiall - sister of Emer ní Forgail[30]
  • Finnabair[6]
  • Finnguala (Fionnghuala or Fionnuala)
  • Flidais
  • Fuamnach - a witch
  • Fódla (Fódhla) - a sister of Ériu and Banba, together they are the three names and sovereignty of Ireland
  • Grainne - heroine of many Irish tales
  • Grian - her name means "sun", she has a sacred hill in Ireland, Cnoc Greine ("Hill of Grian, Hill of the sun"), near her sister Áine's.
  • Lí Ban - (Líban)
  • Macha
  • Medb (Meadhbh or Méabh)
  • Medb Lethderg (Meadhbh or Méabh Leathdhearg)
  • Men - a bard of the Tuatha Dé Danann[40]
  • Mess Buachalla
  • Mongfind (Mongfhionn)
  • Morrígan (Morríghan)
  • Morrigu
  • Mór Muman (Mór Mumhan, Mugain) - a territorial goddess who gave birth to a trout
  • Muirenn Muncháem (Muirne, Murna of the White Neck) - mother of Fionn mac Cumhaill[41]
  • Nemain (Nemhain)
  • Niamh
  • Nicnevin
  • Plor na mBan
  • Sadhbh - Mother of Oisín
  • Scathach
  • Sheela na Gig
  • Tailtiu (Taillte)
  • Tlachtga
  • Tuiren - sister of Muirne[30]
  • Uathach
  • Uirne - sister of Muirenn[41]
{{div col end}}

Celtiberian, Gallaecian and Lusitanian deities

The Celtiberians were the ancient peoples who inhabited modern-day Portugal and Spain. Some believe the Lusitani and Vettones were culturally Celtic. Nevertheless, they were at least Celtic-influenced.

Male

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Aernus[42]
  • Aernvs (Deo Aerno)[43]
  • Aetio[43]
  • Araco[43]
  • Ares Lusitani
  • Bandua[44]
  • Bormanicus (Bormo, Borvo)
  • Brigo (Brigus)
  • Cariocecus
  • Carneo[43]
  • Cernunnos - god of fertility, life, animals, and the underworld.
  • Cohue[45]
  • Cosus (Cossue, Coso)[46]
  • Crouga[45]
  • Deo Domino Endovellico[43]
  • Deo Durbedico[43]
  • Deo Nemedeco[47]
  • Deo Paramaeco[47]
  • Deo Turiaco (Turaeo)[47]
  • Endovelicus (Endouellicus)[25]
  • Enobolico (Indibilis)
  • Erriapus[48]
  • Issibaeo[43]
  • Kuanikio (Quangeio, Quangeius)[49]
  • Lugus[45]
  • Mermandiceo[47]
  • Picio[47]
  • Reue[50]
  • Salama[51]
  • Sucellus[52]
  • Tabaliaenus[53]
  • Tabudico[47]
  • Tongoenabiagus
  • Turiacus
  • Vorteaeceo[54]
  • Visucius[55]
{{div col end}}

Female

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Asidiae[43]
  • Ataegina (Ataecina)[42]
  • Besenclā (Besenclae) - a community and house protector[43]
  • Broeneiae[43]
  • Coruae[43]
  • Cosuneae[43]
  • Crougeae (Corougiae)
  • Deae sanctae (Burrulobrigensi)[43]
  • Deiba[54]
  • Epane (Epona, Iccona)
  • Erbina - a goddess of wild animals, hunting, and domestic security[42]
  • Ermae[43]
  • Flauiae Conimbriga (Flauiae Conimbrigae)[43]
  • Ilurbeda[56]
  • Lacipaea (Lacibiā, Lacibea)[42]
  • Laneana (Laneanis) - a goddess of springs and floods[42]
  • Losa[57]
  • Luna Augusta[58]
  • Mirobleo[47]
  • Munidis[42]
  • Nabia (Navia) - versatile goddess[42]
  • Nymphis[47]
  • Ocrimirae[47]
  • Reva (Reua) - personification of water flows[59]
  • Toga[42]
  • Trebaruna[42]
  • Trebopala
  • Tutelae[47]
{{div col end}}

Germanian and Pannonian Celtic deities

Germania was a geographical region covering north-central Europe. Pannonia was a region in central Europe.

Male

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Arubianus
  • Latobius[60]
  • Sedatus - a guardian god
{{div col end}}

Female

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Apadeva - a water goddess[10]
  • Cissonia - a goddess of trade[10]
  • Matres Mopates - a triad of mother goddesses[26]
  • Matres Treverae - a triad of mother goddesses[26]
  • Nehalennia - a goddess of seafarers
  • Vesunna
{{div col end}}

Illyrian and Moesian Celtic deities

Illyria is a region in the western part of the Balkan peninsula.

Male

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Andinus
  • Boria - a god of the North Wind[8]
  • Jupiter Arubianus[7]
  • Melesocus[8]
{{div col end}}

Female

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Eia - a healing goddess, later assimilated to Bona Dea[8]
  • Matres-Nutrices - mother goddesses[26]
  • Trita - goddess of health[61]
  • Venus Ansotica
{{div col end}}

Pictish deities

The Picts were ancient peoples living in Scotland.

Female

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Cuachag[174]
  • Deva[174]
    • Duibhe[174]
  • Éiteag - a sprite[174]
  • Gamhnach[62]
  • Tava (Tatha) - river goddess[62]
{{div col end}}

Galatian deities

The Galatians were the ancient peoples who inhabited north-central Anatolia (modern-day Turkey).

Male

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Souolibrogenos[63]
  • Telesphorus
  • Zeus Tavianos[64]
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Nguyen|first1=Trung|title=History of Gods|publisher=EnCognitive.com}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Aberth|first1=John|title=An environmental history of the Middle Ages : the crucible of nature|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-77945-6|page=20}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=The Gods and Goddesses of the Celtic Lands|url=http://www.scns.com/earthen/other/seanachaidh/godcelt.html|website=www.scns.com}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Murley|first1=Joseph Clyde|title=The Cults of Cisalpine Gaul as Seen in the Inscriptions|date=1922|publisher=The Collegiate Press|page=90}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Celtic Deities and Mythic Figures|url=http://www.terrapsych.com/gods.html|website=www.terrapsych.com}}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Freeman|first1=Philip|title=Celtic Mythology: Tales of Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-046047-1|page=4}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Editor, Tabbernee|first1=William|title=Early Christianity in Contexts: An Exploration across Cultures and Continents|publisher=Baker Academic|isbn=978-1-4412-4571-7}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{cite book|last1=Murley|first1=Joseph Clyde|title=The Cults of Cisalpine Gaul as Seen in the Inscriptions|date=1922|publisher=The Collegiate Press|page=v}}
9. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Anwyl|first1=Edward|title=Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times|date=1906|publisher=Andover-Harvard Theological Library|page=39}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Adkins|first1=Lesley|last2=Adkins|first2=Roy A.|title=Handbook to life in ancient Rome|date=2004|publisher=Facts on file|location=New York|isbn=0-8160-5026-0|page=283|edition= Updated}}
11. ^{{CIL|13|06572}}, {{CIL|13|04507}}, {{CIL|13|06455}}
12. ^{{cite book|last1=Monaghan|first1=Patricia|title=The encyclopedia of Celtic mythology and folklore|date=2004|publisher=Facts On File|location=New York|isbn=0-8160-4524-0|page=130}}
13. ^Jan Gruter, Inscriptiones totius orbis Romani antiquae, p. 1074.
14. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Adkins|first1=Lesley|last2=Adkins|first2=Roy A.|title=Handbook to life in ancient Rome|date=2004|publisher=Facts on file|location=New York|isbn=0-8160-5026-0|page=294|edition= Updated}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=MacCulloch|first1=J. A.|title=The Religion of the Ancient Celts|publisher=Library of Alexandria}}
16. ^{{cite book|last1=Freeman|first1=Philip|title=Celtic Mythology: Tales of Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes|date=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-046047-1}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web|title=Ancestral Mothers and Goddess Collectives in German Iron Age Votive Altars and Inscriptions dedicated to the "Matrones". {{!}} Freyia Völundarhúsins|url=http://freya.theladyofthelabyrinth.com/?page_id=567|website=freya.theladyofthelabyrinth.com|language=nb-NO}}
18. ^{{cite book|last1=Anwyl|first1=Edward|title=Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times|date=1906|publisher=Andover-Harvard Theological Library|page=38}}
19. ^{{cite book|last1=Nicholson|first1=Edward Williams Byron|title=Keltic researches|date=1904|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=132}}
20. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Murley|first1=Joseph Clyde|title=The Cults of Cisalpine Gaul as Seen in the Inscriptions|date=1922|publisher=The Collegiate Press|page=87}}
21. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Anwyl|first1=Edward|title=Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times|date=1906|publisher=Andover-Harvard Theological Library|page=41}}
22. ^{{cite book|last1=Nicholson|first1=Edward Williams Byron|title=Keltic researches|date=1904|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=137}}
23. ^{{cite book|last1=Nicholson|first1=Edward Williams Byron|title=Keltic researches|date=1904|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=198}}
24. ^{{cite book|last1=Nicholson|first1=Edward Williams Byron|title=Keltic researches|date=1904|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=xvi}}
25. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=635}}
26. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite web|title=Goddesses in Celtic Religion: The Matres and Matronae|url=http://brewminate.com/goddesses-in-celtic-religion-the-matres-and-matronae/|date=11 February 2017}}
27. ^{{cite book|last1=Nicholson|first1=Edward Williams Byron|title=Keltic researches|date=1904|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=160}}
28. ^{{cite book|last1=Keating|first1=Geoffrey|title=The History of Ireland from the Earliest Period to the English Invasion|date=1857|publisher=P.M. Haverty|page=145}}
29. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=O'Conner|first1=Dermod|title=Keating's General History of Ireland|publisher=Koninklijke Bibliotheek|page=91}}
30. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web|title=the story of the Tuatha de Danann|url=http://www.shee-eire.com/Magic&Mythology/Myths/TheLeborGabala/The-Tuatha-De/Page1.htm|website=www.shee-eire.com}}
31. ^{{cite book|last1=Green|first1=Miranda Jane|title=Celtic myths|date=1993|publisher=Univ. of Texas Press|location=Austin|isbn=0-292-72754-2|page=18|edition= 1st Univ. of Texas Press}}
32. ^{{cite book|last1=Coulter|first1=Charles Russell|last2=Turner|first2=Patricia|title=Encyclopedia of ancient deities|date=2000|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|location=Chicago|isbn=1-57958-270-2|page=155}}
33. ^{{cite book|last1=Coulter|first1=Charles Russell|last2=Turner|first2=Patricia|title=Encyclopedia of ancient deities|date=2000|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|location=Chicago|isbn=1-57958-270-2|page=165}}
34. ^1 {{cite book|last1=O'Conner|first1=Dermod|title=Keating's General History of Ireland|publisher=Koninklijke Bibliotheek|page=92}}
35. ^{{cite book|last1=Coulter|first1=Charles Russell|last2=Turner|first2=Patricia|title=Encyclopedia of ancient deities|date=2000|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|location=Chicago|isbn=1-57958-270-2|page=151}}
36. ^{{cite book|last1=Lurker|first1=Manfred|title=The Routledge dictionary of gods, goddesses, devils and demons|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-415-34018-7|page=13|edition= 2nd}}
37. ^{{cite book|last1=MacCulloch|first1=J.A.|title=The religion of the ancient Celts|date=2009|publisher=Floating Press|location=[Auckland, N.Z.]|isbn=978-1-775414-01-8|page=101}}
38. ^{{cite web|last1=Mathews|first1=P.J.|title=Literature and 1916 {{!}} Century Ireland|url=http://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/literature-and-1916|website=www.rte.ie|language=en}}
39. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Keating|first1=Geoffrey|title=The History of Ireland from the Earliest Period to the English Invasion|date=1857|publisher=P.M. Haverty|page=141}}
40. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Keating|first1=Geoffrey|title=The History of Ireland from the Earliest Period to the English Invasion|date=1857|publisher=P.M. Haverty|page=142}}
41. ^1 {{cite web|title=Muirenn Muncháem|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100214774|website=Oxford Reference}}
42. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=610}}
43. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite book|last1=Arenas-Esteban|first1=ed., J. Alberto|title=Celtic religion across space and time : fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm : IX Workshop F.E.R.C. AN|date=2010|publisher=Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha|location=Toledo|isbn=978-84-7788-589-4|page=110}}
44. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=638}}
45. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=609}}
46. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=612}}
47. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book|last1=Arenas-Esteban|first1=ed., J. Alberto|title=Celtic religion across space and time : fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm : IX Workshop F.E.R.C. AN|date=2010|publisher=Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha|location=Toledo|isbn=978-84-7788-589-4|page=111}}
48. ^{{cite book|last1=Dorcey|first1=Peter F.|title=The cult of Silvanus : a study in Roman folk religion|date=1992|publisher=E.J. Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=90-04-09601-9|page=59}}
49. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=636}}
50. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=626}}
51. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=627}}
52. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=607}}
53. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=632}}
54. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Arenas-Esteban|first1=ed., J. Alberto|title=Celtic religion across space and time : fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm : IX Workshop F.E.R.C. AN|date=2010|publisher=Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha|location=Toledo|isbn=978-84-7788-589-4|page=112}}
55. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=631}}
56. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=614}}
57. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pedreño|first1=Juan Carlos Olivares|title=Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|date=November 11, 2005|volume=6|page=611}}
58. ^{{cite book|last1=Rankin|first1=David|title=Celts and the classical world|date=1998|publisher=Routledge|location=london|isbn=0-415-15090-6|page=263|edition= Reprint}}
59. ^{{cite web|title=e-Keltoi: Volume 6, Religion and Religious Practices of the Ancient Celts of the Iberian Peninsula, by Francisco Marco Simón|url=https://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_6/marco_simon_6_6.html|website=www4.uwm.edu|language=en}}
60. ^August Dimitz, History of Carniola, vol. I, p.15
61. ^{{cite web|last1=JURKIĆ|first1=Vesna GIRARDI|title=Paths of Ancient Gods in Roman Istria|url=http://www.heartofistria.com/fileadmin/documents/clanci/Girardi_Path_of_Ancient_Gods_in_Roman_Istria-1.doc}}
62. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Gods in Scotland {{!}} Tairis|url=http://www.tairis.co.uk/an-tri-naomh/gods-in-scotland/|website=www.tairis.co.uk}}
63. ^{{cite book|last1=editor|first1=John T. Koch,|title=Celtic culture a historical encyclopedia|date=2006|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=1-85109-440-7|page=849}}
64. ^{{cite book|last1=Roymans|first1=editors, Ton Derks & Nico|title=Ethnic constructs in antiquity : the role of power and tradition|date=2009|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-90-8964-078-9|page=134}}

Works cited

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{{Celtic mythology topics}}{{Celts}}{{List of mythological figures by region}}

6 : Celtic deities|Lists of deities|Aos Sí|Celtic legendary creatures|Fantasy creatures|Tuatha Dé Danann
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