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词条 List of covered bridges in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
释义

  1. History

      Modern status  

  2. Design

  3. Existing bridges

  4. Former bridges

  5. See also

  6. References

{{Lancaster County Existing Covered Bridges image map}}

The following is a list of covered bridges in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania USA. Lancaster County has the most covered bridges in Pennsylvania with 29 covered bridges. Parke County, Indiana has the most covered bridges of any county in the United States with 31 covered bridges[1] All of the covered bridges in Lancaster County, except for the Hunsecker's Mill Covered Bridge, Kurtz's Mill Covered Bridge, and the Willow Hill Covered Bridge, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Most have been on the list since 1980.[2] The WGCB numbering prefix for the county is 38-36[3]

The bridges are an important tourist attraction, both economically and culturally. This is due to both their historical significance and, being in the heart of Pennsylvania Dutch country, the frequent, iconic Amish horse and buggies bridge crossings. They are often visited in the form of covered bridge driving tours.[4]

History

In the early to late 1800s there were approximately 1,500 covered bridges in the state of Pennsylvania. That number has decreased to just over 200 bridges, with more located in Lancaster County than any other county in the state.[5] The remaining covered bridges in the county are a remnant of a time where most bridges in the United States were made from wood, since wood was relatively inexpensive and easy to acquire. Bridge making, however, was anything but easy and required significant cost, effort, and time. The cost of the building the bridges was covered by government funds or by private individuals building bridges across their land. Since the bridges were built from wood, they were covered to provide protection from the weather, dramatically extending the life of the bridges. Nevertheless, as floods and fires destroyed more bridges, they were eventually replaced or bypassed with more durable and longer-lasting reinforced concrete and steel beam bridges.[6] Most of the existing bridges are owned by the county government which is responsible for periodic upkeep and maintenance.[7]

Modern status

Throughout the years, many of the existing covered bridges have been destroyed, but were later reconstructed. For example, in 1972 a number of the county's covered bridges were either destroyed or badly damaged as a result of flooding caused by Hurricane Agnes. Notably, the Zook's Mill Covered Bridge managed to survive despite being filled with a few feet of water. The Willow Hill Covered Bridge, a relatively new bridge built in 1962, is a reconstructed bridge using materials recovered from the old Miller's Farm and Good's Fording covered bridges.

Design

The covered bridges in Lancaster County are all built of similar construction and appearance. Some of this is because many of the existing bridges were built by the same man, Elias McMellen, who built 12 of the existing bridges. The most common construction method used was that of the Burr arch truss. It is found in its single and double span forms in almost all of the covered bridges in the county, except for the Landis Mill Covered Bridge, a multiple kingpost design. The Pine Grove Covered Bridge and Herr's Mill Covered Bridge are the county's only double span covered bridges. While most of the bridges are situated in remote locations where there is limited traffic, a number of the bridges, such as Jackson's Sawmill Covered Bridge, were later reinforced with steel beams underneath the bridge floor and steel hanger rods on the sides to support heavier traffic or give the bridge additional support.

Historically, the Lancaster County covered bridges were painted with red sides and all-white portals.[6] Today most of the bridges retain this pattern, however, some of the portals are painted red with white trim (such as on the Zook's Mill Covered Bridge) or all-red (such as on the Pool Forge Covered Bridge). A number of these bridges also have the side panels painted red on the inside of the bridge while leaving the trusses unpainted. The Keller's Mill Covered Bridge is painted all-white, the only one of its kind in the county. Three of the bridges, Buck Hill Covered Bridge, Schenck's Mill Covered Bridge, and Shearer's Covered Bridge, have horizontal side boards. The rest of the bridges have vertical side boards.

Existing bridges

Bridge[8][9] Image WGCB Code Truss Type Length Year Original Builder Open to Traffic? Location
Baumgardener's Covered Bridge 38-36-25 Burr arch truss120|ft}} 1860 rebuilt 1987 Davis Kitch Yes (one lane)
Bitzer's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-04 Burr arch truss98|ft}} 1846 George Fink and Sam Reamsnyder Yes (one lane)
Bucher's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-12 Burr arch truss64|ft}} 1891 rebuilt 1892 Elias McMellen Yes (one lane)
Buck Hill Covered Bridge 38-36-15 Burr arch truss58|ft}} 1825 rebuilt 1844 moved 1966 Unknown No
Colemanville Covered Bridge 38-36-26 Burr arch truss170|ft}} 1856 rebuilt 1938 1973 and 1992 James C. Carpenter Yes (one lane)
Erb's Covered Bridge 38-36-34 Burr arch truss70|ft}} 1849 rebuilt 1887 Unknown Yes (one lane)
Forry's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-28 Burr arch truss103|ft}} 1869 rebuilt 1925 Elias McMellen Yes (one lane)
Herr's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-21 Burr arch truss178|ft}} 1844 rebuilt 1875 Joseph Elliot and Robert Russell No
Hunsecker's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-06 Burr arch truss180|ft}} 1843 rebuilt 1973 John Russell Yes (one lane)
Jackson's Sawmill Covered Bridge 38-36-33 Burr arch truss143|ft}} 1878 rebuilt 1985 John Smith and Samuel Stauffer Yes (one lane)
Kauffman's Distillery Covered Bridge 38-36-32 Burr arch truss96|ft}} 1857 rebuilt 1874 James C. Carpenter Yes (one lane)
Keller's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-13 Burr arch truss74|ft}} 1873 rebuilt 1891 moved 2006 rebuilt 2009 reopened December 2010 Elias McMellen Yes (one lane)
Kurtz's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-03 Burr arch truss94|ft}} 1876 destroyed in Agnes flood of 1972 moved and rebuilt 1975 W. W. Upp Yes (one lane)
Landis Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-16 Multiple king post53|ft}} 1873 Elias McMellen Yes (one lane)
Leaman's Place Covered Bridge 38-36-20 Burr arch truss113|ft}} 1845 rebuilt 1893 James C. Carpenter Yes (one lane)
Lime Valley Covered Bridge 38-36-23 Burr arch truss103|ft}} 1871 Joseph Cramer or Elias McMellen Yes (one lane)
Mercer's Mill Covered Bridge† 38-36-38 Burr arch truss80|ft}} 1880 B. J. Carter Yes (one lane)
Neff's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-22 Burr arch truss102|ft}} 1824 rebuilt 1875 rehabilitated 2018 Christian Brackbill Yes (one lane)
Pine Grove Covered Bridge† 38-36-41 Burr arch truss198|ft}} 1884 Elias McMellen Yes (one lane)
Pinetown Bushong's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-05 Burr arch truss132|ft}} 1867 rebuilt 1973 closed 2011 reopened January 2014 Elias McMellen Yes (one lane)
Pool Forge Covered Bridge 38-36-01 Burr arch truss99|ft}} 1859 Levi Fink and Elias McMellen No
Red Run Covered Bridge 38-36-10 Burr arch truss107|ft}} 1866 Elias McMellen No
Schenck's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-30 Burr arch truss96|ft}} 1847 rebuilt 1855 Charles Malhorn and Levi Fink Yes (one lane)
Shearer's Covered Bridge 38-36-31 Burr arch truss89|ft}} 1847 rebuilt 1855 moved 1971 Jacob Clare No
Siegrist's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-37 Burr arch truss102|ft}} 1885 closed 2011 reopened August 2013 James C. Carpenter Yes (one lane)
Weaver's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-02 Burr arch truss85|ft}} 1878 B. J. Carter and J. F. Stauffer Yes (one lane)
White Rock Forge Covered Bridge 38-36-18 Burr arch truss103|ft}} 1847 rebuilt 1884 John Russell and Elias McMellen Yes (one lane)
Willow Hill Covered Bridge 38-36-43 Burr arch truss93|ft}} 1962 Roy Zimmerman No
Zook's Mill Covered Bridge 38-36-14 Burr arch truss73|ft}} 1849 Henry Zook Yes (one lane)

Former bridges

  • Bellbank Covered Bridge† (burnt in 1979)
  • Daniel Good's Fording Covered Bridge (Used to make Willow Hill Covered Bridge in 1962)
  • Miller's Farm Covered Bridge (Used to make Willow Hill Covered Bridge in 1962)
  • Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge‡ - Created in the 1820s, burnt during the American civil war in July 1863. It was the longest covered bridge in the world (over a mile and a quarter in length).
  • Risser's Mill Covered Bridge (burnt on July 8, 2002)
†Located on the border between Lancaster County and Chester County‡Located on the border between Lancaster County and York County

See also

  • List of covered bridges in Columbia County, Pennsylvania
  • List of covered bridges of Bradford, Sullivan and Lycoming Counties

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Parke County - Covered Bridge Capital of the World |year=2008 |url=http://www.coveredbridges.com |accessdate=November 19, 2008}}
2. ^{{cite web | title = PENNSYLVANIA - Lancaster County | work = National Register of Historic Places | url = http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/PA/Lancaster/state.html | accessdate = 2007-03-20}}
3. ^{{cite web | author = Bickel, Hank | title = Pennsylvania Covered Bridges | work = Covered Bridges of the Northeast USA | date = 2001-11-09 | url = http://www.coveredbridgesite.com/pa/pa_co_lancaster.html | accessdate = 2006-08-03 }}
4. ^{{cite web | title = Covered Bridges of Lancaster County | work = Lancaster County Pennsylvania Dutch Country Official Visitors Center | publisher = Pennsylvania Dutch Convention & Visitors Bureau | year = 2009 | url = http://www.padutchcountry.com/things_to_do/covered_bridges.asp | accessdate = June 13, 2009 }}
5. ^{{cite web | title = Covered Bridges | work = Pennsylvania Dutch Country Welcome Center | publisher = Action Video, Inc. | year = 2005 | url = http://www.800padutch.com/covbrdg.shtml | accessdate = 2006-09-26 }}
6. ^1 {{cite book |last=Conwill |first=Joseph D. |title=Covered Bridges Across North America |location=St. Paul, MN |publisher=MBI Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=0-7603-1822-0}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=The Covered Bridges of Lancaster County |publisher=County of Lancaster, Pennsylvania |date=November 9, 2001 |url=http://www.co.lancaster.pa.us/lanco/cwp/view.asp?a=15&Q=257050 |accessdate=July 7, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226225247/http://www.co.lancaster.pa.us/lanco/cwp/view.asp?a=15&Q=257050 |archivedate=December 26, 2005 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web |last=McCain |first=Roger A |title=Covered Bridges by County and State |work=A Guide to Old Covered Bridges of Southeastern Pennsylvania and nearby areas |url=http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/bridge/CBbyC.html |accessdate=August 3, 2006}}
9. ^{{cite web |last=Travis |first=Dale |title=Pennsylvania by County |work=Round Barns & Covered Bridges |date= |url=http://www.dalejtravis.com/maps/numbers/pa.htm |accessdate=2006-08-07}}

4 : Covered bridges in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lists of covered bridges in the United States|Pennsylvania transportation-related lists|Lists of buildings and structures in Pennsylvania
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