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词条 List of demonyms for U.S. states and territories
释义

  1. List

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. External links

This is a list of official and notable unofficial terms used to designate the citizens of specific states, federal district, and territories of the United States of America.

List

State
federal district
or territory		 Official
(recommended by U.S. GPO)[1]		 Official, unofficial, or informal alternatives
Alabama}} Alabamian Alabaman[2][3]
Alaska}} Alaskan
American Samoa}}†American Samoan
Arizona}} Arizonan
Arkansas}} Arkansan Arkansawyer,[4] Arkie[5]
California}} Californian Californio (archaic)
Colorado}} Coloradan Coloradoan (archaic)[6][7]
Connecticut}} Connecticuter Connecticotian,[8] Connecticutensian,[8] Nutmeg,[8] Nutmegger[8]
Delaware}} Delawarean Blue Hen's Chicken,[9] Muskrat[9]
District of Columbia}}† Washingtonian (see also nicknames of people of Washington state)
Florida}} Floridian Alligator,[10] Cracker,[11] Fly-Up-the-Creek[10]
Georgia (U.S. state)}} Georgia Georgian Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber[12]
Guam}}† Guamanian
Hawaii}} Hawaii resident Islander,[13] Kama'aina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent.[14]
Idaho}} Idahoan Fortune Seekers[15]
Illinois}} Illinoisan Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander,[16] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[17]
Indiana}} Hoosier Indianan (former GPO demonym replaced by Hoosier in 2016),[1] Indianian (archaic)[18]
Iowa}} Iowan Hawkeye[19]
Kansas}} Kansan Sunflower, Jayhawker, Grasshopper[20]
Kentucky}} Kentuckian Corncracker[21]
Louisiana}} Louisianian Louisianais}},{{lang-es|Luisiano}})
Maine}} Mainer Down Easter or Downeaster,[22] Mainiac[23]
Maryland}} Marylander
Massachusetts}} Massachusettsan Bay Stater (official term used by state government),[24] Massachusettsian,[25] Massachusite,[26][27] Masshole (derogatory[28] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym[29])
Michigan}} Michiganian Michigander,[30] Wolverine,[31][32] Michiganite, Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively),[33] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michigander")[33]
Minnesota}} Minnesotan Gopher
Mississippi}} Mississippian
Missouri}} Missourian
Montana}} Montanan
Nebraska}} Nebraskan Bugeaters or Cornhuskers [34]
Nevada}} Nevadan
New Hampshire}} New HampshiriteNew Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman[35]
New Jersey}} New Jerseyan Jerseyite, New Jerseyite
New Mexico}} New Mexican Neomexicano, Neomejicano}}[36]
New York}} New York New Yorker Knickerbocker[37][38]
North Carolina}} North Carolinian Tar Heel, Tar Boiler,[39]
North Dakota}} North Dakotan
Northern Mariana Islands}}† Mariana Islander
Ohio}} Ohioan Buckeye,[40] Ohian (obsolete)[41]
Oklahoma}} Oklahoman Okie,[42] Sooner[43]
Oregon}} Oregonian
Pennsylvania}} Pennsylvanian Pennamite,[44] Keystoner
Puerto Rico}}† Puerto Rican Boricua[45]
Rhode Island}} Rhode Islander Rhodean, Swamp Yankee[46]
South Carolina}} South Carolinian Sandlapper[47]
South Dakota}} South Dakotan
Tennessee}} Tennessean Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[48]
Texas}}Texan Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical),[49] Tejano (Hispano-Texan), Texican (archaic)
Utah}} Utahn Utahan
Vermont}} Vermonter
Virginia}} Virginian
U.S. Virgin Islands}} Virgin Islands† Virgin Islander
Washington}} Washington Washingtonian
West Virginia}} West Virginian
Wisconsin}} Wisconsinite Badger,[50] Cheesehead[51][52]
Wyoming}} Wyomingite Wyomese[53]

† - Not officially a U.S. state, rather a U.S. territory or district.

See also

{{portal|Geography}}
  • Demonym
    • List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions
    • List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Cuba
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions

References

1. ^1 {{cite book |title= U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual |year= 2016|at= §5.23 |url= https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2016}}
2. ^{{cite news |first= William |last= Safire |author-link= William Safire |url= https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E6D8143DF935A15755C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |title= On Language: Foam Fell on Alabama |work= The New York Times |date= June 26, 1994}} Safire reports that after he used the word "Alabaman" in a column, he received a letter from Vic Gold that said in part, "The natives, I have learned to my sorrow, prefer Alabamian."
3. ^{{cite web|work=Netstate|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/al_intro.htm|title=The State of Alabama}}
4. ^{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arkansawyer definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861695659/arkansawyer.html |work= |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwtEUWxV?url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861695659/arkansawyer.html |archivedate=2009-11-01 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.infoplease.com/arkie |title=Ar•kie |publisher=Dictionary.infoplease.com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
6. ^{{cite book |url= http://ccs.colostate.edu/style_guide/ |title= Writers Style Guide |publisher= Colorado State University |page= 62, |accessdate= January 2, 2009 |quote=The correct name for a person from Colorado is Coloradan (not Coloradoan).}}
7. ^{{cite news |first= Ed |last= Quillen |url= http://www.denverpost.com/opinion/ci_5447358 |title= Coloradan or Coloradoan? |work= The Denver Post |date= March 18, 2007}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ct_intro.htm |title=The State of Connecticut - An Introduction to the Constitution State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/de_intro.htm |title=The State of Delaware - An Introduction to the First State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|work=Netstate|title=The State of Florida|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/fl_intro.htm}}
11. ^{{cite web|title='Cracker' Means Something Entirely Different In Florida: A Source Of 'Pride'|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/cracker-means-something-entirely-different-in-florida-a-source-of-pride/|publisher=Mediaite|accessdate=18 May 2014}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm |title=The State of Georgia |publisher=Netstate |accessdate=22 July 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm |title=The State of Hawaii - An Introduction to the Aloha State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
14. ^{{cite book | editor1-last= Christian | editor1-first= Darrel | editor2-last= Jacobsen | editor2-first= Sally A. | editor3-last= Minthorn | editor3-first= David | title= The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law | year= 2013 | publisher= Basic Books | location= New York, NY | isbn= 9780465082995 | page= 112}}
15. ^{{cite web|work=Netstate|title=The State of Idaho|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/id_intro.htm}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1987-10-06/news/8703160078_1_plates-flatness-wisconsin | title=A Friend Escapes To Illinois . . . And Now Is A Flatlander!|publisher=ChicagoTribune.com|date=1987-10-06|author=Jim Fitzgerald}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm |title=The State of Illinois - An Introduction to the Prairie State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/indianian|title=Indianian|publisher=Oxford Dictionaries}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ia_intro.htm|title=The State of Iowa|publisher=Netstate.com}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ks_intro.htm |title=The State of Kansas - An Introduction to the Sunflower State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
21. ^Corncracker - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
22. ^{{cite book |title= The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2007 |location= New York |publisher= World Almanac Books |year= 2006 |isbn= 978-0-88687-995-2}}
23. ^{{cite journal |url= http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,788761,00.html |title= Mainiac |journal= Time |date= June 20, 1938}} (term used in reference to Maine author Kenneth Roberts)
24. ^{{cite web|title=Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth|url=https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleI/Chapter2/Section35|publisher=The Commonwealth of Massachusetts|accessdate=2008-02-29}}: "Bay Staters shall be the official designation of citizens of the commonwealth."
25. ^https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/06/magazine/on-language.html
26. ^{{cite book |page= 435 |title= Collections |publisher= Massachusetts Historical Society |location= Boston|year= 1877|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rdbnCkXB2RwC}}
27. ^{{cite book |last= Jones |first= Thomas |page= 465 |title= History of New York During the Revolutionary War |publisher= New York Historical Society |editor-first= Edward Floyd |editor-last= DeLancey |location= New York |year= 1879|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuXATAHXMEC}}
28. ^{{cite journal|last1=Nagy|first1=Naomi|last2=Irwin|first2=Patricia|title=Boston (r): Neighbo(r)s nea(r) and fa(r)|journal=Language Variation and Change|date=July 2010|volume=22|issue=2|page=270}}
29. ^{{cite web|title='Masshole' among newest words added to Oxford English Dictionary|url=http://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2015/06/masshole_among_newest_words_ad.html|website=masslive.com|accessdate=27 October 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/mi_intro.htm |title=The State of Michigan - An Introduction to the Great Lakes State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
31. ^{{cite journal |last= Marckwardt |first= Albert H. |title= Wolverine and Michigander |journal= Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review |volume= LVIII |year= 1952 |pages= 203–8}}
32. ^{{cite journal |last= Sperber |first= Hans |title= Words and Phrases in American Politics: Michigander |journal= American Speech |volume= 29 |issue= 1 |date=February 1954 |pages= 21–7 |doi=10.2307/453592}}
33. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/libraryofmichigan/0,2351,7-160-50206_54518-184577--,00.html |title=MDE - Michigan Glossary |publisher=Michigan.gov |date=2008-01-30 |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=https://history.nebraska.gov/blog/football-players-eat-corn-not-bugs|title=Football Players to Eat Corn, Not Bugs|work=History Nebraska|access-date=2018-10-02|language=en}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nh_intro.htm |title=The State of New Hampshire - An Introduction to the Granite State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date=2009-04-13 |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
36. ^Neomexicano definition by Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española)
37. ^Merriam-Webster Dictionary
38. ^New York Knicks, What's a Knickerbocker?
39. ^{{cite journal |last=Powell |first=William S. |date=March 1982 |title=What's in a Name?: Why We're All Called Tar Heels |journal=Tar Heel |publisher=Tar Heel Magazine, Inc. |oclc=005457348 |url=http://alumni.unc.edu/article.aspx?sid=3516 |accessdate=2009-07-17}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/oh_intro.htm |title=The State of Ohio - An Introduction to the Buckeye State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ohian}}
42. ^{{cite news |last= Stewart |first= Roy P. |title= Postal Card Proves Sooners Were 'Okies' Way Back In 1907 |work= The Daily Oklahoman |date= December 20, 1968 |at=p. 9, col. 2 |quote= Now comes Mrs. Agness Hooks of Thomas with a postal card mailed at Newcastle, Ind. in 1907, address to a Miss Agness Kirkbridge, with the salutation: 'Hello Okie — Will see you next Monday night.' Signed: Myrtle M. Pence. Mrs. Hooks says Agness Kirkbridge was an aunt of hers. The Kirkbridge family came to Oklahoma Territory in 1904 and settled south of Custer City.}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ok_intro.htm |title=The State of Oklahoma - An Introduction to the Sooner State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.luzernecounty.org/living/history_of_luzerne_county |title=History of |publisher=Luzerne County |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novomilenio.inf.br/porto/mapas/prmap.htm |title=Commonwealth of Puerto Rico|accessdate=2015-09-02}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.projo.com/ri/charlestown/content/SC_SWAMPCOL_02-29-08_UH95CTL_v43.1d42eee.html |title=The Providence Journal | Rhode Island breaking news, sports, politics, business, entertainment, weather and traffic - providencejournal.com - Providence Journal |publisher=Projo.com |date=2012-07-17 |accessdate=2012-07-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020040/http://www.projo.com/ri/charlestown/content/SC_SWAMPCOL_02-29-08_UH95CTL_v43.1d42eee.html |archivedate=June 29, 2011 }}
47. ^http://www.sciway.net/hist/sandlapper.html
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/tn_intro.htm |title=The State of Tennessee - An Introduction to the Volunteer State from |publisher=Netstate.Com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-22}}
49. ^{{Cite book |title= Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations |editor-last= Rodriguez O. |editor-first= Jaime E.|editor2-last= Vincent |editor2-first= Kathryn |location= Wilmington, DE |year= 1997 |publisher= Scholarly Resources Inc. |isbn= 0-8420-2662-2 |contribution= The Colonization and Independence of Texas: A Tejano Perspective |last= de la Teja |first= Jesus F. |page=79}}
50. ^{{cite web|title=Do You Want to Be a Badger?|url=http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/mammal/badger.htm|publisher=Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources}}
51. ^{{Cite book|last=Kapler|first=Joseph, Jr.|url=http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wmh/id/43274|title=On Wisconsin Icons: When You Say 'Wisconsin', What Do You Say?|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|date=Spring 2002|pages=18–31|accessdate=2009-04-29|postscript=.}}
52. ^{{Cite book|publisher=Foamation |title=Foamation: About Us |url=http://www.cheesehead.com/aboutus.asp |accessdate=2009-04-29 |postscript=. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302092337/http://www.cheesehead.com/aboutus.asp |archivedate=March 2, 2009 }}
53. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/28518826/ |title=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=1903-06-02 |accessdate=2017-03-09 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312042841/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/28518826/ |archivedate=2017-03-12 |df= }}

External links

{{sister project links|demonym}}{{USStateLists}}

3 : States of the United States-related lists|American regional nicknames|Lists of demonyms
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