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词条 List of DNA-tested mummies
释义

  1. mtDNA tests

  2. DNA tests

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. Further reading

  6. External links

{{refimprove science|date=January 2016}}

This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived.{{according to whom|date=January 2016}} Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.

mtDNA tests

The following mummies have undergone an mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) test, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Name Original Location
of Remains		 Date Lived
(years ago)		 Mitochondrial DNA sequence mtDNA Haplogroup Y-DNA Haplogroup
Paglicci 23Italy28,000[1]CRS [2]date=January 2016}}
Paglicci 25Italy23,000[3]7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4][4]>
Cheddar ManEngland9,000{{citation needed>date=January 2016}}date=January 2016}} 16270T{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}U5b1[5]
Ötzi the IcemanAustria/Italy5,300 [6]K.[7][8]G2a2b[9]
Ramesses IIIEgypt3,200[10]E1b1a[11]
PentawerEgypt3,200[10]E1b1a[11]
The Norwich Anglo-SaxonEnglanddate=January 2016}}date=January 2016}} 16223T,{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} 16271C,{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} 16278T{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}date=January 2016}}
Juanita the Ice MaidenPerudate=January 2016}}16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A[12]date=January 2016}}
Young Man of ByrsaTunisialate 6th century BCEU5b2c1[13]
500-year-old Inca childArgentina500[14]C1b[14]

DNA tests

The following mummies have undergone DNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Name Original Location
of Remains		 Date Lived
(years ago)		 DNA sequence Y-DNA Haplogroup
Thuya Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

Yuya Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

Tiye (Elder Lady KV35) Egypt 3,370 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

Amenhotep III Egypt 3,370 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

KV55 mummy Egypt 3,350 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

KV35 Younger Lady Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

Tutankhamun Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

KV21 Mummy A Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

KV21 Mummy B Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D2S1338,

D16S539, CSF1PO [15]

KV62 Fetus 1 Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

KV62 Fetus 2 Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [15]

See also

  • Ancient DNA
  • Cambridge Reference Sequence
  • Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
  • List of genetic results derived from historical figures
  • List of mummies

References

1. ^{{cite web | url = http://anthropology.net/2008/07/16/the-28000-years-old-paglicci-23-cro-magnon-mtdna-aint-neandertal-it-is-more-modern-than-anything-else/| title = The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain't Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else| accessdate = January 26, 2015| publisher = Anthropology.net | year = 2006| author = Kambiz Kamrani| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160120162834/http://anthropology.net/2008/07/16/the-28000-years-old-paglicci-23-cro-magnon-mtdna-aint-neandertal-it-is-more-modern-than-anything-else/| archivedate = January 20, 2016 }}
2. ^{{cite journal |last=Caramelli |first=David |last2=Vai |first2=Stefania |date=July 2008 |title=A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=3 |issue=7 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002700 |pmid=18628960 |pmc=2444030 |pages=e2700|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2700C }}
3. ^{{cite journal |last=Mallegni |first=F |last2=Bertoldi |first2=F |last3=Manolis |first3=S.K. |date=1999 |title=The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy |url=https://www.academia.edu/7467737 |journal=HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=127–148}}
4. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Caramelli |first=David |last2=Lalueza-Fox |first2=Carles |display-authors=etal |date=May 27, 2003 |title=Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans |journal=PNAS |volume=100 |issue=11 |pages=6593–6597 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1130343100 |pmid=12743370 |pmc=164492|bibcode=2003PNAS..100.6593C }}
5. ^{{cite biorxiv|first1=Selina|last1=Brace|display-authors=etal|title=Population Replacement in Early Neolithic Britain|biorxiv=267443|date=18 February 2018}}
6. ^{{cite journal |last=Bonani |first=Georges |last2=Ivy |first2=Susan D. |display-authors=etal |date=1994 |title=AMS {{SimpleNuclide2|Carbon|14}} Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Ötzal Ice Man |url=http://digitalcommons.library.arizona.edu/objectviewer?o=http%3A%2F%2Fradiocarbon.library.arizona.edu%2FVolume36%2FNumber2%2Fazu_radiocarbon_v36_n2_247_250_v.pdf |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages= 247–250 |access-date=February 4, 2016 |doi=10.1017/s0033822200040534}}
7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Ermini |first1=Luca |last2=Olivieri |first2=Cristina |last3=Rizzi |first3=Ermanno |last4=Corti |first4=Giorgio |last5=Bonnal |first5=Raoul |last6=Soares |first6=Pedro |last7=Luciani |first7=Stefania |last8=Marota |first8=Isolina |last9=De Bellis |first9=Gianluca |last10=Richards |first10=Martin B. |last11=Rollo |first11=Franco |display-authors=2 |date=November 11, 2008 |title=Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman |url=http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(08)01254-2?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982208012542%3Fshowall%3Dtrue|journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=21 |pages=1687–93 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028 |pmid=18976917}}
8. ^{{cite journal |last1=Endicott |first1=Phillip |last2=Sanchez |first2=Juan J |last3=Pichler |first3=Irene |last4=Brotherton |first4=Paul |last5=Brooks |first5=Jerome |last6=Egarter-Vigl |first6=Eduard |last7=Cooper |first7=Alan |last8=Pramstaller |first8=Peter |display-authors=2|year=2009 |title=Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman |journal=BMC Genetics |volume=10 |pages=29 |doi=10.1186/1471-2156-10-29 |pmid=19545382 |pmc=2717998}}
9. ^{{cite journal |last1=Keller |first1=Andreas |last2=Graefen |first2=Angela |last3=Ball |first3=Markus |last4=Matzas |first4=Mark |last5=Boisguerin |first5=Valesca |last6=Maixner |first6=Frank |last7=Leidinger |first7=Petra |last8=Backes |first8=Christina |last9=Khairat |first9=Rabab |last10=Forster |first10=Michael |last11=Stade |first11=Björn |last12=Franke |first12=Andre |last13=Mayer |first13=Jens |last14=Spangler |first14=Jessica |last15=McLaughlin |first15=Stephen |last16=Shah |first16=Minita |last17=Lee |first17=Clarence |last18=Harkins |first18=Timothy T. |last19=Sartori |first19=Alexander |last20=Moreno-Estrada |first20=Andres |last21=Henn |first21=Brenna |last22=Sikora |first22=Martin |last23=Semino |first23=Ornella |last24=Chiaroni |first24=Jacques |last25=Rootsi |first25=Siiri |last26=Myres |first26=Natalie M. |last27=Cabrera |first27=Vicente M. |last28=Underhill |first28=Peter A. |last29=Bustamante |first29=Carlos D. |last30=Vigl |first30=Eduard Egarter |display-authors=2 |date=February 28, 2012 |title=New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing |journal=Nature Communications |volume=3 |page=698 |doi=10.1038/ncomms1701 |pmid=22426219|bibcode=2012NatCo...3E.698K }}
10. ^1 {{cite press| url = http://www.bmj.com/press-releases/2012/12/17/study-reveals-pharaoh’s-throat-was-cut-during-royal-coup| title = Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup| accessdate = February 8, 2016| publisher = BMJ| year = 2012}}
11. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Hawass |first=Zahi |last2=Ismail |first2=Somaia |last3=Selim |first3=Ashraf |last4=Saleem |first4=Sahar N. |last5=Fathalla |first5=Dina |last6=Wasef |first6=Sally |last7=Gad |first7=Ahmed Z. |last8=Saad |first8=Rama |last9=Fares |first9=Suzan |last10=Amer |first10=Hany |last11=Gostner |first11=Paul |last12=Gad |first12=Yehia Z. |last13=Pusch |first13=Carsten M. |last14=Zink |first14=Albert R. |date=December 17, 2012 |title=Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8268 |journal=BMJ |volume=345 |pages=e8268 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.e8268 |access-date=8 February 2016 |pmid=23247979}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Ancient DNA|url=http://www.isogg.org/ancientdna.htm|website=www.isogg.org|publisher=International Society of Genetic Genealogy|accessdate=5 April 2015|date=14 May 2005}}
13. ^{{cite journal|vauthors=Matisoo-Smith EA, Gosling AL, Boocock J, Kardailsky O, Kurumilian Y, Roudesli-Chebbi S |title=A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa|journal=PLoS ONE|date=May 25, 2016|volume=11|issue=5|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0155046|display-authors=etal|pages=e0155046|pmid=27224451|pmc=4880306|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1155046M}}
14. ^1 {{cite journal|vauthors=Gómez-Carballa A, Catelli L, Pardo-Seco J, et al. |title=The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy |journal=Sci Rep |volume=5 |page=16462 |date=November 12, 2015 |doi= 10.1038/srep16462 |pmid=26561991 |pmc=4642457|bibcode=2015NatSR...516462G }}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite journal |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.121|pmid=20159872|title=Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family|journal=JAMA|volume=303|issue=7|pages=638–47|year=2010|last1=Hawass|first1=Zahi|last2=Gad|first2=Y. Z.|last3=Ismail|first3=S.|last4=Khairat|first4=R.|last5=Fathalla|first5=D.|last6=Hasan|first6=N.|last7=Ahmed|first7=A.|last8=Elleithy|first8=H.|last9=Ball|first9=M.|last10=Gaballah|first10=F.|last11=Wasef|first11=S.|last12=Fateen|first12=M.|last13=Amer|first13=H.|last14=Gostner|first14=P.|last15=Selim|first15=A.|last16=Zink|first16=A.|last17=Pusch|first17=C. M.}}

Further reading

  • {{cite journal |last=Bandelt |first=Hans-Jürgen |date=August 3, 2005 |title=Mosaics of ancient mitochondrial DNA: positive indicators of nonauthenticity |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=1106–1112 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201476 |pmid=16077732}}
  • The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes.{{clarify|date=January 2016}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2016}}{{pages needed|date=January 2016}}

External links

  • Famous DNA
  • Ancient DNA
  • British teacher finds long-lost relative: 9,000-year-old man
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20091214080708/http://www.egyptologyonline.com/using_dna.htm Unravelling the mummy mystery - using DNA]
  • Evidence of the Past: A Map and Status of Ancient Remains

9 : Mummies|Genetic genealogy|DNA|Human population genetics|Kinship and descent|Egyptology|Archaeology of Italy|History of Peru|Archaeology of the United Kingdom
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