| 释义 |
- List of species Procellariidae Anatidae Diomedeidae Accipitridae Rallidae Recurvirostridae Laridae Strigidae Mohoidae Corvidae Monarchidae Sylviidae Turdidae Drepanididae
- See also
- References
- External links
{{hatnote|This article is about endemism among birds in Hawaii. For an overview, see Endemism in birds.}}There are 71 known taxa of birds endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, of which 30 are extinct, 6 possibly extinct and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Habitat loss and avian disease are thought to have had the greatest effect on endemic bird species in Hawaii. List of species The following is a list of bird species and subspecies endemic to the Hawaiian Islands: Procellariidae - Hawaiian petrel or {{okina}}ua{{okina}}u, Pterodroma sandwichensis {{IUCN status|VU|22698017}}
- Newell's shearwater or {{okina}}a{{okina}}o, Puffinus newelli {{IUCN status|EN|22698240}}
- Bryan's shearwater, Puffinus bryani {{IUCN status|CR}} (P. assimilis: {{IUCN status|LC|22698261}})
- Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca {{IUCN status|LC|22697967}} 99% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Anatidae - Hawaiian goose or nēnē, Branta sandvicensis {{IUCN status|VU|22679929}}
- Hawaiian duck or koloa maoli, Anas wyvilliana {{IUCN status|EN|22680199}}
- Laysan duck, Anas laysanensis {{IUCN status|CR|22680203}}
Diomedeidae - Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis {{IUCN status|NT|22698365}} 99.7% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
- Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes {{IUCN status|NT|22698350}} 97.5% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Accipitridae - Hawaiian hawk or {{okina}}io, Buteo solitarius {{IUCN status|NT|22695929}}
Rallidae - Laysan rail, Porzana palmeri † {{IUCN status|EX|22692672}}
- Hawaiian rail or moho, Porzana sandwichensis † {{IUCN status|EX|22692693}}
- Hawaiian gallinule or {{okina}}alae {{okina}}ula, Gallinula chloropus sandwichensis (G. chloropus: {{IUCN status|LC|22692875}})
- Hawaiian coot or {{okina}}alae ke{{okina}}oke{{okina}}o, Fulica alai {{IUCN status|VU|22692920}}
Recurvirostridae - Hawaiian stilt or ae{{okina}}o, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni {{IUCN status|NR}} (H. mexicanus: {{IUCN status |LC|22735273}})
Laridae - Hawaiian (black) noddy or noio, Anous minutus melanogenys (A. minutus: {{IUCN status |LC|22694799}})
Strigidae - Pueo, Asio flammeus sandwichensis {{IUCN status|NR}} (A. flammeus: {{IUCN status |LC|22689531}})
Mohoidae - Kaua{{okina}}i {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō, Moho braccatus † {{IUCN status|EX|22704323}}
- O{{okina}}ahu {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō, Moho apicalis † {{IUCN status|EX|22704329}}
- Bishop's {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō, Moho bishopi † {{IUCN status|EX|22704335}}
- Hawai{{okina}}i {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō, Moho nobilis † {{IUCN status|EX|22704342}}
- Kioea, Chaetoptila angustipluma † {{IUCN status|EX|22704348}}
Corvidae - Hawaiian crow or {{okina}}alala, Corvus hawaiiensis {{IUCN status|EW|22706052}}
Monarchidae - Kaua{{okina}}i {{okina}}elepaio, Chasiempis sclateri {{IUCN status|VU|22736432}}
- O{{okina}}ahu {{okina}}elepaio, Chasiempis ibidis {{IUCN status|EN|22736423}}
- Hawai{{okina}}i {{okina}}elepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis {{IUCN status|VU|22736440}}
Sylviidae - Laysan millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris familaris † {{IUCN status|EX|22708559}}
- Nihoa millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris kingi {{IUCN status |CR|22714797}}
Turdidae - Kama{{okina}}o, Myadestes myadestinus † {{IUCN status|EX|22708559}}
- {{okina}}Āmaui, Myadestes woahensis † {{IUCN status|EX|22708564}}
- Oloma{{okina}}o, Myadestes lanaiensis {{IUCN status |PE|22708574}}
- {{okina}}Oma{{okina}}o, Myadestes obscurus {{IUCN status|VU|22708579}}
- Puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri {{IUCN status|CR|22708583}}
Drepanididae - Laysan finch, Telespiza cantans {{IUCN status|VU|22720728}}
- Nihoa finch, Telespiza ultima {{IUCN status|CR|22720722}}
- {{okina}}Ō{{okina}}ū, Psittirostra psittacea {{IUCN status|PE|22720734}}
- Lana{{okina}}i hookbill, Dysmorodrepanis munroi † {{IUCN status|EX|22720738}}
- Palila, Loxioides bailleui {{IUCN status|CR|22720742}}
- Kaua{{okina}}i palila, Loxioides kikuichi † {{IUCN status|EX}}
- Lesser koa-finch, Rhodacanthis flaviceps † {{IUCN status|EX|22720745}}
- Greater koa-finch, Rhodacanthis palmeri † {{IUCN status|EX|22720749}}
- Kona grosbeak, Chloridops kona † {{IUCN status|EX|22728825}}
- Maui parrotbill, Pseudonestor xanthophrys {{IUCN status|CR|22720753}}
- Kaua{{okina}}i {{okina}}akialoa Akialoa stejnegeri or Hemignathus (ellisianus) procerus † {{IUCN status|EX|22728910}}
- O{{okina}}ahu {{okina}}akialoa, Akialoa ellisiana or Hemignathus ellisianus ellisianus † {{IUCN status|EX|22729133}}
- Maui Nui {{okina}}akialoa, Akialoa lanaiensis or Hemignathus (ellisianus) lanaiensis † {{IUCN status|EX|22728910}}
- Lesser {{okina}}akialoa, Akialoa obscura or Hemignathus obscurus † {{IUCN status|EX|22728910}}
- Common {{okina}}amakihi, Hemignathus virens {{IUCN status|LC|22720766}}
- O{{okina}}ahu {{okina}}amakihi, Hemignathus flavus {{IUCN status|VU|22728299}}
- Kaua{{okina}}i {{okina}}amakihi, Hemignathus kauaiensis {{IUCN status|VU|22720756}}
- Greater {{okina}}amakihi, Hemignathus sagittirostris † {{IUCN status|EX|22720784}}
- Maui nukupu{{okina}}u, Hemignathus affinis {{IUCN status|PE|22720795}}
- Kauai nukupu{{okina}}u, Hemignathus hanapepe {{IUCN status|PE}}
- Oʻahu nukupu{{okina}}u, Hemignathus lucidus † {{IUCN status|EX}}
- Giant nukupu{{okina}}u, Hemignathus vorpalis † {{IUCN status|EX}}
- {{okina}}Akiapola{{okina}}au, Hemignathus munroi {{IUCN status|EN|22720799}}
- {{okina}}Anianiau, Magumma parva {{IUCN status|VU|22720774}}
- {{okina}}Akikiki, Oreomystis bairdi {{IUCN status|CR|22720809}}
- Hawai{{okina}}i creeper, Oreomystis mana {{IUCN status|EN|22720814}}
- O{{okina}}ahu {{okina}}alauahio, Paroreomyza maculata {{IUCN status|PE|22720827}}
- Maui {{okina}}alauahio, Paroreomyza montana {{IUCN status|EN|22720818}}
- Lana{{okina}}i {{okina}}alauahio, Paroreomyza montana montana † {{IUCN status|EX}}
- Kakawahie, Paroreomyza flammea † {{IUCN status|EX|22720823}}
- {{okina}}Akeke{{okina}}e, Loxops caeruleirostris {{IUCN status|CR|22720832}}
- Hawai{{okina}}i {{okina}}akepa, Loxops coccineus {{IUCN status|EN|22720836}}
- Maui {{okina}}ākepa, Loxops coccineus ochraceus † {{IUCN status|EX}}
- O{{okina}}ahu {{okina}}ākepa, Loxops coccineus wolstenholmei † {{IUCN status|EX}}
- {{okina}}Ula-{{okina}}ai-hawane, Ciridops anna † {{IUCN status|EX|22720840}}
- {{okina}}I{{okina}}iwi, Vestiaria coccinea {{IUCN status|VU|22720844}}
- Hawai{{okina}}i mamo, Drepanis pacifica † {{IUCN status|EX|22720848}}
- Black mamo, Drepanis funerea † {{IUCN status|EX|22720852}}
- {{okina}}Akohekohe, Palmeria dolei {{IUCN status|CR|22720855}}
- {{okina}}Apapane, Himatione sanguinea {{IUCN status|LC|22720860}}
- Laysan honeycreeper, Himatione fraithii † {{IUCN status|EX}}
- Po{{okina}}ouli, Melamprosops phaeosoma † {{IUCN status|EX|22720863}}
See also - List of birds of Hawaii
- List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
- Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands
- List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands
References - (2005). Hawaii's Birds. Hawaii Audubon Society. Sixth ed.
External links - [https://web.archive.org/web/20070711030300/http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/noframe/t018.htm USGS Biology Programs], Informative site but species classification is out of date
- IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20050210054628/http://www.birdinghawaii.co.uk/XEndemicforestbirds2.htm Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds] - Distribution, Status and Population Updates 2002
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090715071113/http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/cwcs/Conservation_need.htm Hawaii's Species of Greatest Conservation Need: Process and SGCN Fact Sheets]
{{Endemism in birds}}{{North American birds}} 5 : Regional overviews of endemism in birds|Endemic fauna of Hawaii|Birds of Hawaii|Lists of birds of the United States|Lists of fauna of Hawaii |