This is a list of species and genera that are used as entheogens or are used in an entheogenic concoction (such as ayahuasca). For ritualistic use they may be classified as hallucinogens. The active principles and historical significance of each are also listed to illustrate the requirements necessary to be categorized as an entheogen.
Common name | Binomial nomenclature for species or genus | Psychoactive constituent(s) | Regions/Cultures of use |
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Acacia | Acacia spp. | DMT and other tryptamine and harmane derivatives | Australia, other temperate climate locations |
African dream root | Silene capensis | Possibly triterpenoid saponins | Xhosa people of South Africa. |
Ayahuasca | Banisteriopsis caapi' 'Psychotria Viridis | Harmala alkaloids, 5-MeO-DMT and DMT | South America; people of the Amazon Rainforest. UDV of Brazil and United States. Both plants are used in order to create ayahuasca. |
Blue lily | Nymphaea caerulea | Nuciferine and aporphine | Possibly ancient Egypt and South America. |
Bolivian torch cactus | Echinopsis lageniformis syn. Trichocereus bridgesii | Mescaline | South America |
Cannabis | Cannabis spp. | THC and other cannabinoids | Sadhus of India. See also: religious and spiritual use of cannabis. |
Chaliponga | Diplopterys cabrerana | DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin | Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru as part of ayahuasca. |
Harmal | Peganum harmala | Harmala alkaloids | Turkey and the Middle East. |
Hawaiian baby woodrose | Argyreia nervosa | Ergoline alkaloids | Psychoactive, but may not have been used as an entheogen. Native to India. Traditional usage possible but mainly undocumented. |
Henbane | Hyoscyamus niger | Tropane alkaloids | Ancient Greece. |
Peruvian torch cactus | Echinopsis peruviana syn. Trichocereus peruvianus | Mescaline | Pre-Incan Chavín rituals in Peru. |
Iboga | Tabernanthe iboga | Ibogaine | Bwiti religion of West Central Africa. Used by Western nations to treat opioid addiction. |
Morning glory | Ipomoea tricolor | Ergoline alkaloids | Aztecs |
Morning glory | Ipomoea violacea | Ergoline alkaloids | Mazatec[1] |
Jimson weed | Datura stramonium | Tropane alkaloids | Native Americans: Algonquian and Luiseño. Sadhus of India. Táltos of the Magyar (Hungary). |
Mapacho | Nicotiana rustica | Nicotine and harmala alkaloids | South America |
Jurema | Mimosa tenuiflora syn. M. hostilis | DMT and harmala alkaloids-Jonathan Ott claims to have taken bark alone and is active | Northeastern Brazil |
Parica | Piptadenia peregrina | DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin | South America |
Peyote | Lophophora williamsii | Mescaline | Oshara Tradition |
Chacruna | Psychotria viridis | DMT | UDV of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and the Brazilian church. Santo Daime have used it as part of ayahuasca. |
Ska María Pastora | Salvia divinorum | Salvinorin A | Mazatec |
Wachuma cactus | Echinopsis pachanoi syn. Trichocereus pachanoi | Mescaline | South America |
Christmas vine | Turbina corymbosa syn. Rivea corymbosa | Ergoline alkaloids | Mazatec[1] |
Virola | Virola spp. | DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin | South America |
Vilca | Anadenanthera colubrina | DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin | South America |
Yopo | Anadenanthera peregrina | DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin | South America |
1. ^1 http://www.sagewisdom.org/shepherdess.html
2. ^Heinrich, C (1995). Strange Fruit: Alchemy and Religion- The Hidden Truth. London : Bloomsbury. Referenced throughout {{ISBN|978-0-7475-1548-7}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of entheogenic hallucinogenic species}}