The following Federal Agencies are headquartered in Northern Virginia. Agencies with approximately 10,000+ employees, or a $10 billion+ budget are in bold.
| Agency (common abbreviation) | City/CDP (Area) | Seal/Insignia/Crest | | Defense Contract Management Agency | Alexandria |
| National Credit Union Administration | Alexandria |
| Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense | Alexandria |
| United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) | Alexandria |
| Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) | Alexandria |
| National Science Foundation (NSF) | Alexandria |
| Foreign Service Institute | Arlington (Arlington Hall) |
| Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) | Arlington (Ballston) |
| Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) | Arlington (Ballston) |
| DHS National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD) | Arlington (Ballston) |
|
| Office of Naval Research (ONR) | Arlington (Ballston) |
| National Cybersecurity & Communications Integration Center | Arlington (Bluemont) |
|
| Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board | Arlington (Courthouse) |
| US Marshals Service | Arlington (Crystal City) |
| Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) | Arlington (Crystal City) |
| Warrior Transition Command | Arlington (Crystal City) |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) | Arlington (Crystal City) |
| Army National Guard Readiness Center | Arlington (Arlington Hall) |
| Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| United States Air Force (USAF) | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| United States Army (USA) | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| United States Navy (USN) | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| Department of Defense (DOD) | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| Department of the Air Force | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| Department of the Army | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| Department of the Navy | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| National Guard Bureau | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| National Security Space Office | Arlington (The Pentagon) |
| Transportation Security Administration (TSA) | Arlington (Pentagon City) |
| Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) | Arlington (Pentagon City) |
| Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations | Arlington (Rosslyn) |
| Bureau of Diplomatic Security | Arlington (Rosslyn) |
| Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations | Arlington (Rosslyn) |
| United States Trade and Development Agency | Arlington (Rosslyn) |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | Arlington (Virginia Square) |
| United States Fish & Wildlife Service | Bailey's Crossroads |
| National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) | Chantilly |
| National Reconnaissance Operations Center | Chantilly |
| Defense Contract Audit Agency | Fort Belvoir |
| Defense Logistics Agency | Fort Belvoir |
| Defense Technical Information Center | Fort Belvoir |
| Defense Threat Reduction Agency | Fort Belvoir |
| National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) | Fort Belvoir |
| United States Army Intelligence and Security Command | Fort Belvoir |
| Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) | McLean (Langley) |
| Farm Credit Administration | McLean (Tysons Corner) |
| National Counterterrorism Center | McLean (Tysons Corner) |
| Office of the Director of National Intelligence | McLean (Tysons Corner) |
| United States Geological Survey (USGS) | Reston |
| Bureau of Indian Affairs Division of Acquisitions | Reston |