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词条 List of foreign recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
释义

  1. Background

  2. Recipients

     Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords  Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves  Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 

  3. Notes

  4. References

     Citations  Bibliography 

  5. External links

{{Knight's Cross recipients}}

In total, 43 individuals in the military of allies of Nazi Germany were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), the highest award in the military of Nazi Germany during World War II. Eight of these men were also honoured with the next higher grade, the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross, and one senior naval officer, Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, was additionally awarded the Swords to the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves. Among the recipients were eighteen Romanians, nine Italians, eight Hungarians, two Slovaks, two Japanese, two Spaniards, two Finns, and one Belgian.{{refn|Léon Degrelle from Belgium had received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross while subordinated to the Wehrmacht. Degrelle had received the Knight's Cross as SS-Hauptsturmführer der Reserve and leader of the 5. SS-Freiwilligen-Brigade "Wallonien" on 20 February 1944.[1]|group="Note"}}

Colonel General Dezső László of Hungary became the last foreign recipient of the award on 3 March 1945. The last surviving foreign recipient of the award was Belgian politician Léon Degrelle, who died on 31 March 1994, fifty years after receiving the medal from Hitler's hands.

Background

The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the military branches, Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air force) and for the Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade. Once the four lists of the Knight's Cross recipients were merged into one listing, the chronological order was abandoned and the list was converted to an alphabetical list of recipients. Foreign recipients were never integrated into this list. The Wehrmacht also refrained from assigning a numbering scheme to the different lists of foreign recipients. Two principles were retained: the foreign Knights Cross recipients were ordered alphabetically and the recipients of the higher grades were ordered chronologically.[2]

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz) and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.[3] As the war progressed, some of the recipients distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Oak Leaves to Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[4] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds.[5] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, concluded the variants of the Knight's Cross.[6]

Recipients

The recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross are initially ordered alphabetically whereas the recipients of the higher grades are initially ordered chronologically. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross or the Oak Leaves were awarded.

{{legend2|#e3d9ff|This along with the * (asterisk), indicates that the Knight's Cross was awarded posthumously.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords

The Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords is based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 to reward those servicemen who had already been awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Isoroku Yamamoto was the sole non-German combatant to be honoured with the Swords to the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves.

NameCountryRankUnitDate of awardNotesPicture
Isoroku|Yamamoto}} Japan Fleet Admiral Commander-in-chief of the IJN Combined Fleet {{dts|format=dmy|1943|May|27}}* Killed in action 18 April 1943[7]

Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

The Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves was based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.

NameCountryRankUnitDate of awardNotesPicture
Mihail|Lascăr}} Romania Major General (General de divizie)[8] 6th Infantry Division of the 3rd Romanian Army format=dmy|1942|November|22}}—}}
Agustín|Muñoz Grandes}} Spain Lieutenant General Blue Division (250. Infantry Division) format=dmy|1942|December|13}}—}}
Isoroku|Yamamoto}} Japan Fleet Admiral Commander-in-chief of the IJN Combined Fleet {{dts|format=dmy|1943|May|27}}* Awarded Swords 27 May 1943
Corneliu|Teodorini|}} Romania Brigadier General (General de brigadă)[9] 6th Cavalry Divisionformat=dmy|1943|December|8}}—}}
Petre|Dumitrescu}} Romania Lieutenant General (General de armată)[10] 3rd Romanian Army format=dmy|1944|April|4}}—}}
Mineichi|Koga}} Japan Fleet Admiral Japanese Chief of Fleet {{dts|format=dmy|1944|May|12}}* Killed in action 31 March 1944[11]
Carl Gustaf Emil|Mannerheim|Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim}} Finland Marshal of Finland President and Commander-in-chief of Finnish Defense Forces format=dmy|1944|August|5}}—}}
Léon|Degrelle}} Belgium Major (SS-Sturmbannführer) 5. SS-Freiw.-Sturm-Brig. "Wallonien" format=dmy|1944|August|27}}—}}

Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross is based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 Verordnung über die Erneuerung des Eisernen Kreuzes (Regulation of the renewing of the Iron Cross).

NameCountryRankUnitDate of awardNotesPicture
Ion|Antonescu}} Romania General Commander-in-chief of the Military of Romania format=dmy|1941|August|6}} First non-German to receive this award
Ugo de|Carolis}} Italy Brigadier General (Generale di Brigata) Italian 52nd Motorised Division Torino {{dts|format=dmy|1942|February|9}}* Killed in action 12 December 1941[12]
Ugo|Cavallero}} Italy General (Generale di Corpo d'Armata designato d'Armata) Chief of the Italian Supreme Command format=dmy|1942|February|14}}—}}
Corneliu|Dragalina}} Romania Lieutenant General Romanian 6th Army Corps format=dmy|1942|August|6}}—}}
Ioan|Dumitrache}} Romania Major General 2nd Romanian Mountain Division format=dmy|1942|November|21}}—}}
Petre|Dumitrescu}} Romania Lieutenant General (General de armată)[10] 3rd Romanian Army format=dmy|1942|September|1}} Awarded Oak Leaves 4 April 1944
Emilio|Esteban Infantes}} Spain Lieutenant General Blue Division (250. Infantry Division) format=dmy|1943|October|3}}—}}
Carlo|Fecia di Cossato}} Italy Frigate Captain (Capitano di Fregata) Italian submarine Enrico Tazzoli format=dmy|1943|March|19}}—}}
Italo|Gariboldi}} Italy General (Generale di Corpo d'Armata designato d'Armata) 8th Italian Army format=dmy|1943|April|1}}—}}
Gianfranco|Gazzana-Priaroggia}} Italy Corvette Captain (Capitano di Corvetta) Italian submarine Archimede {{dts|format=dmy|1943|May|26}}* Killed in action 24 May 1943[13]
Ermil|Gheorghiu}} Romania Major General (General de escadră)[14] General Staff of the Romanian Air Force format=dmy|1944|April|4}}—}}
Fedele de|Giorgis}}{{refn|According to Scherzer name is spelled Fedele Degiorgis while Fellgiebel had listed him as Fedele di Giorgio.[1]|group="Note"}} Italy Major General (Generale di Divisione) Italian 55 Infantry Division Savona format=dmy|1942|January|9}}—}}
Enzo|Grossi}} Italy Frigate Captain (Capitano di Fregata) Italian submarine Barbarigo format=dmy|1942|October|7}}—}}
Erik|Heinrichs}} Finland General of the Infantry Chief of Finnish General Staff format=dmy|1944|August|5}}—}}
József Vitéz|Heszlényi}} Hungary Field Marshal-Lieutenant 3rd Hungarian Army format=dmy|1944|October|28}}—}}
Nikolaus|von Horthy und von Nagybánya|Miklós Horthy}} Hungary Admiral Commander-in-chief of the Military of Hungary format=dmy|1941|September|10}}—}}
Ioan L.|Hristea|Ioan Hristea}} Romania Colonel Romanian 2nd Călărași Cavalry Regiment format=dmy|1943|March|28}}—}}—}}
Mihály von|Ibrányi}} Hungary Field Marshal-Lieutenant Hungarian Cavalry Division format=dmy|1944|November|26}}—}}—}}
Gusztáv Vitéz|Jány}} Hungary Colonel General 2nd Hungarian Army format=dmy|1943|March|31}}—}}
Emanoil|Ionescu}} Romania Major General Commander of the Romanian Air Force's Corpul I Aerian format=dmy|1944|May|10}}{{refn|According to Scherzer on 28 April 1944.[15]|group="Note"}}—}}
Mineichi|Koga}} Japan Fleet Admiral Japanese Chief of Fleet {{dts|format=dmy|1944|May|12}}* Oak Leaves 12 May 1944
Radu|Korne}} Romania Colonel Romanian 8th Cavalry Division format=dmy|1942|December|18}}—}}
Geza Vitéz|Lakatos Edler de Csíkszentsimon|Géza Lakatos}} Hungary Colonel General 1st Hungarian Army format=dmy|1944|May|24}}—}}
Mihail|Lascar}} Romania Brigadier General (General de brigadă)[8] Romanian 1st Mountain Brigade format=dmy|1942|January|18}} Awarded Oak Leaves 22 November 1942
Dezső|László}} Hungary Colonel General 1st Hungarian Army format=dmy|1945|March|3}}—}}
Horia|Macellariu}} Romania Rear Admiral Romanian Naval Forces format=dmy|1944|May|21}}—}}
Augustín|Malár}} Slovakia Generálmajor Slovak Fast Division format=dmy|1942|January|23}}—}}
Baron Carl Gustaf Emil|Mannerheim|Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim}} Finland Field Marshal Commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defense Forces format=dmy|1941|August|30}} Awarded Oak Leaves 5 August 1944
Gheorghe|Manoliu}} Romania Divisions-General 4th Romanian Mountain Division format=dmy|1942|August|30}}—}}
Giulio|Martinat}} Italy Brigadier General (Generale di Brigata) Staff of the Italian Alpini-Corps {{dts|format=dmy|1943|April|3}}* Killed in action 26 January 1943[16]
Giovanni|Messe}} Italy Lieutenant General (Generale di Corpo d'Armata) Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia format=dmy|1942|January|23}}—}}
Béla Vitéz|Miklós de Dálnok|Béla Miklós}} Hungary Field Marshal-Lieutenant Hungarian Fast Corps format=dmy|1941|December|4}}—}}
Leonard|Mociulschi}} Romania Major General 3rd Romanian Mountain Division format=dmy|1943|December|19}}—}}—}}
Agustín|Muñoz Grandes}} Spain Lieutenant General Blue Division (250. Infantry Division) format=dmy|1942|March|12}} Awarded Oak Leaves 13 December 1942
Ioan|Pălăghiţă}} Romania Major Romanian I./Infantry Regiment 94 format=dmy|1943|April|7}}—}}—}}
Ioan Mihail|Racoviţă}} Romania General of the Cavalry 4th Romanian Army format=dmy|1944|July|8}}—}}
Edgar|Rădulescu}} Romania Brigadier General 11th Romanian Infantry Division format=dmy|1944|July|3}}—}}—}}
Gheorghe|Răscănescu}} Romania Major Romanian I./Infantry Regiment 15 format=dmy|1942|December|4}}—}}
Zoltán C. Vitéz|Szügyi|Vitéz Szügyi Zoltán}} Hungary Colonel Hungarian Infantry Division Szent László format=dmy|1945|January|12}}—}}
Nicolae|TătăranuTataranu} Romania Major General 20th Romanian Infantry Division format=dmy|1942|December|17}}—}}—}}
Corneliu|Teodorini}} Romania Colonel 6th Cavalry Division format=dmy|1943|August|27}} Awarded Oak Leaves 8 December 1943
Jozef|Turanec}} Slovakia Generálmajor Slovak Fast Division format=dmy|1942|August|7}}—}}
Isoroku|Yamamoto}} Japan Fleet Admiral Commander-in-chief of the IJN Combined Fleet {{dts|format=dmy|1943|May|27}}* Awarded Oak Leaves 27 May 1943
Awarded Swords 27 May 1943

Notes

1. ^1 Scherzer 2007, p. 268.
2. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 112.
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19390007&zoom=2&seite=00001573&ues=on&x=21&y=6|title=Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 1573; 1 September 1939 |language=German|publisher=Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior)|accessdate=21 February 2008 |format=PDF |work=ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19400007&zoom=2&seite=00000849&ues=on&x=22&y=10|title=Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 849; 3 June 1940|language=German|publisher=Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior)|accessdate=21 February 2008 |format=PDF |work=ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek }}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19410007&zoom=2&seite=00000613&ues=on&x=14&y=9|title=Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 613; 28 September 1941|language=German|publisher=Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior)|accessdate=21 February 2008 |format=PDF |work=ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek }}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19450007&zoom=2&seite=00000011&ues=on&x=14&y=10|title=Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11; 29 December 1944|language=German|publisher=Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior)|accessdate=21 February 2008 |format=PDF |work=ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek }}
7. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 801.
8. ^1 Scherzer 2007, p. 495.
9. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 739.
10. ^1 Scherzer 2007, p. 284.
11. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 462.
12. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 257.
13. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 328.
14. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 332.
15. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 413.
16. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 528.

References

Citations

{{Reflist|25em}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}
  • {{Cite book

|last=Fellgiebel
|first=Walther-Peer
|authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel
|year=2000
|origyear=1986
|title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile
|trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches
|language=German
|location=Friedberg, Germany
|publisher=Podzun-Pallas
|isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6
}}
  • {{Cite book

|last=Scherzer
|first=Veit
|year=2007
|title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives
|trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives
|language=German
|location=Jena, Germany
|publisher=Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag
|isbn=978-3-938845-17-2
}}{{refend}}

External links

  • {{Cite web|title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes|work=Lexikon der Wehrmacht|url=http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Orden/Ritterkreuz/IndexRK.htm|language=German|accessdate=2 January 2011}}
  • {{Cite web|title=Das Bundesarchiv|work=Military Archive - Freiburg im Breisgau|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/bundesarchiv/dienstorte/freiburg/index.html.en|accessdate=2 January 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229195453/http://www.bundesarchiv.de/bundesarchiv/dienstorte/freiburg/index.html.en|archivedate=29 December 2010|df=}}
{{clear}}{{Footer Knight's Cross recipients}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=World War II
}}{{featured list}}

1 : Lists of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients
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