“List of human spaceflights, 1991–2000”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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List of human spaceflights, 1991–2000

释义

See also
References

This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 1991 to 2000, including the continuation of Russian space station Mir and the American Space Shuttle program, and the first flights to the International Space Station (ISS).

The Soviet Union broke up at the end of 1991. From this date onwards the former USSR constituent republics are shown as separate nationalities.

#	Crew	Launch spacecraft	Habitation		Return spacecraft	Brief mission summary
141	{{flagicon\|USA}} Steven R. Nagel (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Cameron (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerry L. Ross (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerome Apt (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Linda M. Godwin (1)	5 April 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-37, Atlantis		11 April 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-37, Atlantis		Deployment of Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
142	{{flagicon\|USA}} Michael L. Coats (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} L. Blaine Hammond (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Guion S. Bluford (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Gregory J. Harbaugh (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Richard J. Hieb (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Donald R. McMonagle (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Charles L. Veach (1)	28 April 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-39, Discovery		6 May 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-39, Discovery		U.S. Department of Defense mission. Part-classified payload, including various science experiments and observations.
143	{{flagicon\|GBR}} Helen Sharman	18 May 1991 {{flagicon\|USSR}} Soyuz TM-12	Mir		{{flagicon>USSR}} Soyuz TM-11	Mir crew rotation. Life science experiments. First Briton in space (Sharman). First European woman in space (Sharman).
	{{flagicon\|USSR}} Anatoli Artsebarsky				{{flagicon>USSR}} Soyuz TM-12
	{{flagicon\|USSR}} Sergei Krikalev (2)				{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-13
144	{{flagicon\|USA}} Bryan D. O'Connor (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Sidney M. Gutierrez (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} James P. Bagian (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Tamara E. Jernigan (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} M. Rhea Seddon (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} F. Drew Gaffney {{flagicon\|USA}} Millie E. Hughes-Fulford	5 June 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-40, Columbia		14 June 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-40, Columbia		Spacelab life sciences mission, studying humans, rodents and jellyfish.
145	{{flagicon\|USA}} John E. Blaha (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael A. Baker (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Shannon W. Lucid (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} James C. Adamson (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} G. David Low (2)	2 August 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-43, Atlantis		11 August 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-43, Atlantis		Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-5.
146	{{flagicon\|USA}} John O. Creighton (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth S. Reightler (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} James F. Buchli (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Charles D. Gemar (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mark N. Brown (2)	12 September 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-48, Discovery		18 September 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-48, Discovery		Deployment of Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).
147	{{flagicon\|USSR}} Toktar Aubakirov {{flagicon\|AUT}} Franz Viehböck	2 October 1991 {{flagicon\|USSR}} Soyuz TM-13	Mir		{{flagicon>USSR}} Soyuz TM-12	Mir crew rotation. First Kazakh in space (Aubakirov). First Austrian in space (Vieböck).
147	{{flagicon\|USSR}} Aleksandr Volkov (3)	2 October 1991 {{flagicon\|USSR}} Soyuz TM-13	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-13
148	{{flagicon\|USA}} Frederick D. Gregory (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Terence T. Henricks (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} F. Story Musgrave (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mario Runco (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} James S. Voss (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Thomas J. Hennen	24 November 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-44, Atlantis		1 December 1991 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-44, Atlantis		U.S. Department of Defense mission. Deployment of Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite.
149	{{flagicon\|USA}} Ronald J. Grabe (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Stephen S. Oswald (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Norman E. Thagard (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} David C. Hilmers (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} William F. Readdy (1) {{flagicon\|CAN}} Roberta L. Bondar {{flagicon\|GER}} Ulf Merbold (2)	22 January 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-42, Discovery		30 January 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-42, Discovery		International Microgravity Laboratory-1 (IML-1). Life sciences and materials processing experiments. First Canadian woman in space (Bondar).
150	{{flagicon\|GER}} Klaus-Dietrich Flade	17 March 1992 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-14	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-13	First Soyuz mission since the collapse of the USSR.
150	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Aleksandr Viktorenko (3) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Aleksandr Kaleri (1)	17 March 1992 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-14	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-14	First Soyuz mission since the collapse of the USSR.
151	{{flagicon\|USA}} Charles F. Bolden (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Brian Duffy (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kathryn D. Sullivan (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} David C. Leestma (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} C. Michael Foale (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Byron K. Lichtenberg (2) {{flagicon\|BEL}} Dirk Frimout	24 March 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-45, Atlantis		2 April 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-45, Atlantis		Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-1): international experiments in atmospheric and astronomical research. First Belgian in space (Frimout).
152	{{flagicon\|USA}} Daniel C. Brandenstein (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kevin P. Chilton (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Pierre J. Thuot (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kathryn C. Thornton (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Richard J. Hieb (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Thomas D. Akers (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Bruce E. Melnick (2)	7 May 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-49, Endeavour		16 May 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-49, Endeavour		Retrieval and redeployment of INTELSAT VI (F-3) satellite. Demonstration of maintenance and assembly capabilities for Space Station Freedom.
153	{{flagicon\|USA}} Richard N. Richards (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Bowersox (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Bonnie J. Dunbar (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Lawrence J. DeLucas {{flagicon\|USA}} Ellen S. Baker (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Carl J. Meade (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Eugene H. Trinh	25 June 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-50, Columbia		9 July 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-50, Columbia		United States Microgravity Laboratory-I (USML-1): various microgravity experiments.
154	{{flagicon\|FRA}} Michael Tognini (1)	27 July 1992 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-15	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-14	Mir crew rotation.
154	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Anatoly Solovyev (3) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Sergei Avdeyev (1)	27 July 1992 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-15	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-15	Mir crew rotation.
155	{{flagicon\|USA}} Loren J. Shriver (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Andrew M. Allen (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jeffrey A. Hoffman (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (3) {{flagicon\|CHE}} Claude Nicollier (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Marsha S. Ivins (2) {{flagicon\|ITA}} Franco Malerba	31 July 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-46, Atlantis		8 August 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-46, Atlantis		Deployment of ESA's EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier). Deployment of joint NASA/Italian Space Agency Tethered Satellite System (TSS) (failed). First Swiss in space (Nicollier). First Italian in space (Malerba).
156	{{flagicon\|USA}} Robert L. Gibson (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Curtis L. Brown (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mark C. Lee (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} N. Jan Davis (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerome Apt (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mae C. Jemison {{flagicon\|JPN}} Mamoru Mohri (1)	12 September 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-47, Endeavour		20 September 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-47, Endeavour		50th Space Shuttle mission. Joint NASA and NASDA mission. Conducted microgravity investigations in materials and life sciences. First African-American woman in space (Jemison).
157	{{flagicon\|USA}} James B. Wetherbee (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael A. Baker (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Charles L. Veach (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} William M. Shepherd (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Tamara E. Jernigan (2) {{flagicon\|CAN}} Steven G. MacLean (1)	22 October 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-52, Columbia		1 November 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-52, Columbia		Deployment of Laser Geodynamic Satellite II (LAGEOS-II). US Microgravity Payload-1 (USMP-1): physics experiments.
158	{{flagicon\|USA}} David M. Walker (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Robert D. Cabana (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Guion S. Bluford (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} James S. Voss (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael R. Clifford (1)	2 December 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-53, Discovery		9 December 1992 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-53, Discovery		Classified US Department of Defense primary payload, reportedly a reconnaissance satellite. Miscellaneous unclassified science experiments.
159	{{flagicon\|USA}} John H. Casper (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Donald R. McMonagle (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mario Runco (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Gregory J. Harbaugh (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Susan J. Helms (1)	13 January 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-54, Endeavour		19 January 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-54, Endeavour		Deployment of fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-F). Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS) and microgravity experiments.
160	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Gennadi Manakov (2) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Aleksandr Poleshchuk	{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-16	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-16	Docking system tests.
161	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Cameron (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Stephen S. Oswald (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} C. Michael Foale (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Cockrell (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Ellen L. Ochoa (1)	8 April 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-56, Discovery		17 April 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-56, Discovery		Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-2 (ATLAS-2). Atmospheric and solar science research.
162	{{flagicon\|USA}} Steven R. Nagel (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Terence T. Henricks (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerry L. Ross (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Charles J. Precourt (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Bernard A. Harris (1) {{flagicon\|GER}} Ulrich Walter {{flagicon\|GER}} Hans Schlegel (1)	26 April 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-55, Columbia		6 May 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-55, Columbia		German-sponsored Spacelab flight: miscellaneous science experiments.
163	{{flagicon\|USA}} Ronald J. Grabe (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Brian Duffy (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} G. David Low (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Nancy J. Sherlock Currie (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Peter J. Wisoff (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Janice E. Voss (1)	21 June 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-57, Endeavour		1 July 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-57, Endeavour		First SPACEHAB flight: biomedical and materials sciences experiments. Retrieval of ESA's EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier).
164	{{flagicon\|FRA}} Jean-Pierre Haigneré (1)	1 July 1993 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-17	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-16	Mir crew rotation.
164	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Vasili Tsiblyev (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Aleksandr Serebrov (4)	1 July 1993 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-17	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-17	Mir crew rotation.
165	{{flagicon\|USA}} Frank L. Culbertson (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} William F. Readdy (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} James H. Newman (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Daniel W. Bursch (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Carl E. Walz (1)	12 September 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-51, Discovery		22 September 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-51, Discovery		Deployment of Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). Ultraviolet astronomical observations.
166	{{flagicon\|USA}} John E. Blaha (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Richard A. Searfoss (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} M. Rhea Seddon (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} William S. McArthur (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} David A. Wolf (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Shannon W. Lucid (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Martin J. Fettman	18 October 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-58, Columbia		1 November 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-58, Columbia		Spacelab life sciences mission.
167	{{flagicon\|USA}} Richard O. Covey (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Bowersox (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} F. Story Musgrave (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kathryn C. Thornton (3) {{flagicon\|CHE}} Claude Nicollier (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jeffrey A. Hoffman (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Thomas D. Akers (3)	2 December 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-61, Endeavour		13 December 1993 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-61, Endeavour		First Hubble Space Telescope repair servicing mission.
168	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Viktor Afanasyev (2) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Usachyev (1)	8 January 1994 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-18	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-18	Mir crew rotation.
168	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Valeri Polyokov (2)	8 January 1994 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-18	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-20	Mir crew rotation.
169	{{flagicon\|USA}} Charles F. Bolden (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth S. Reightler (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} N. Jan Davis (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Ronald M. Sega (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (4) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Sergei Krikalev (3)	3 February 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-60, Discovery		11 February 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-60, Discovery		SPACEHAB-2: materials science and life sciences investigations. Wake Shield Facility-1 deployment. Medical and radiological investigations. First Russian to fly aboard the Space Shuttle (Krikalev).
170	{{flagicon\|USA}} John H. Casper (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Andrew M. Allen (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Pierre J. Thuot (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Charles D. Gemar (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Marsha S. Ivins (3)	4 March 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-62, Columbia		18 March 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-62, Columbia		Miscellaneous scientific experiments.
171	{{flagicon\|USA}} Sidney M. Gutierrez (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kevin P. Chilton (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Linda M. Godwin (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerome Apt (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael R. Clifford (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Thomas D. Jones (1)	9 April 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-59, Endeavour		20 April 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-59, Endeavour		Radar mapping of Earth and atmospheric research.
172	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Malenchenko (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Talgat Musabayev (1)	{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-19	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-19	Medical and materials science experiments. Mir repairs.
173	{{flagicon\|USA}} Robert D. Cabana (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} James D. Halsell (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Richard J. Hieb (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Carl E. Walz (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Leroy Chiao (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Donald A. Thomas (1) {{flagicon\|JPN}} Chiaki Naito-Mukai (1)	8 July 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-65, Columbia		23 July 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-65, Columbia		International Microgravity Laboratory-2: miscellaneous microgravity experiments. First Japanese woman in space (Naito-Mukai).
174	{{flagicon\|USA}} Richard N. Richards (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} L. Blaine Hammond (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerry M. Linenger (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Susan J. Helms (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Carl J. Meade (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mark C. Lee (3)	9 September 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-64, Discovery		20 September 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-64, Discovery		Atmospheric and solar observations.
175	{{flagicon\|USA}} Michael A. Baker (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Terrence W. Wilcutt (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Thomas D. Jones (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Steven L. Smith (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Daniel W. Bursch (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Peter J.K. Wisoff (2)	30 September 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-68, Endeavour		11 October 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-68, Endeavour		Radar imaging of Earth.
176	{{flagicon\|GER}} Ulf Merbold (3)	4 October 1994 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-20	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-19	Mir crew rotation.
176	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Aleksandr Viktorenko (4) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Yelena Kondakova (1)	4 October 1994 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-20	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-20	Mir crew rotation.
177	{{flagicon\|USA}} Donald R. McMonagle (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Curtis L. Brown (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Ellen L. Ochoa (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott E. Parazynski (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Joseph R. Tanner (1) {{flagicon\|FRA}} Jean-François Clervoy (1)	3 November 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-66, Atlantis		14 November 1994 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-66, Atlantis		Atmospheric research.
178	{{flagicon\|USA}} James D. Wetherbee (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Eileen M. Collins (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} C. Michael Foale (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Janice E. Voss (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Bernard A. Harris (2) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Vladimir G. Titov (4)	3 February 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-63, Discovery		11 February 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-63, Discovery		Rendezvous maneuver with Mir. First female pilot (Collins). SPACEHAB-3: miscellaneous science experiments. First EVA by an African-American astronaut (Harris).
179	{{flagicon\|USA}} Stephen S. Oswald (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} William G. Gregory {{flagicon\|USA}} Tamara E. Jernigan (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} John M. Grunsfeld (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Wendy B. Lawrence (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Ronald A. Parise (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Samuel T. Durrance (2)	2 March 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-67, Endeavour		18 March 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-67, Endeavour		Ultraviolet astronomy studies.
180	{{flagicon\|USA}} Norman E. Thagard (5) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Vladimir Dezhurov (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Gennady Strekalov (5)	{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-21	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-71, Atlantis	First American to visit Mir (Thagard).
181	{{flagicon\|USA}} Robert L. Gibson (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} Charles J. Precourt (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Ellen S. Baker (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Bonnie J. Dunbar (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Gregory J. Harbaugh (3)	27 June 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-71, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-71, Atlantis	First Shuttle-Mir docking. Biomedical experiments. Mir crew rotation and resupply.
181	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Anatoly Solovyev (4) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Nikolai Budarin (1)	27 June 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-71, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-21
182	{{flagicon\|USA}} Terence T. Henricks (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kevin R. Kregel (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Nancy J. Sherlock Currie (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Donald A. Thomas (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mary E. Weber (1)	13 July 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-70, Discovery		22 July 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-70, Discovery		Deployment of 7th Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). Biological and biomedical studies.
183	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Sergei Avdeyev (2) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Ghidzenko (1) {{flagicon\|GER}} Thomas Reiter (1)	{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-22	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-22	Mir crew rotation. First EVA by a German cosmonaut (Reiter).
184	{{flagicon\|USA}} David M. Walker (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Cockrell (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} James S. Voss (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} James H. Newman (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael L. Gernhardt (1)	7 September 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-69, Endeavour		18 September 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-69, Endeavour		Solar observations. Wake Shield Facility-2 deployment.
185	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Bowersox (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kent V. Rominger (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kathryn C. Thornton (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Catherine G. Coleman (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael E. Lopez-Alegria (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Fred W. Leslie {{flagicon\|USA}} Albert Sacco	20 October 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-73, Columbia		5 November 1995 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-73, Columbia		Microgravity experiments.
186	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Cameron (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} James D. Halsell (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerry L. Ross (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} William S. McArthur (2) {{flagicon\|CAN}} Chris A. Hadfield (1)	{{flagicon>USA}} STS-74, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-74, Atlantis	Second Shuttle-Mir docking. Delivery of Russian docking module and solar arrays.
187	{{flagicon\|USA}} Brian Duffy (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Brent W. Jett (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Leroy Chiao (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Daniel T. Barry (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Winston E. Scott (1) {{flagicon\|JPN}} Koichi Wakata (1)	11 January 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-72, Endeavour		20 January 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-72, Endeavour		Capture and return to Earth of Space Flyer Unit (Japanese microgravity research spacecraft).
188	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Onufrienko (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Usachyev (2)	{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-23	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-23
189	{{flagicon\|USA}} Andrew M. Allen (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott J. Horowitz (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (5) {{flagicon\|ITA}} Maurizio Cheli {{flagicon\|USA}} Jeffrey A. Hoffman (5) {{flagicon\|CHE}} Claude Nicollier (3) {{flagicon\|ITA}} Umberto Guidoni (1)	22 February 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-75, Columbia		9 March 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-75, Columbia		Deployment of Tethered Satellite System (TSS-1R) (reflight, partial success). Microgravity research.
190	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kevin P. Chilton (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Richard A. Searfoss (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Linda M. Godwin (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael R. Clifford (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Ronald M. Sega (2)	22 March 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-76, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-76, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply. First American woman on Mir (Lucid).
190	{{flagicon\|USA}} Shannon W. Lucid (5)	22 March 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-76, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-79, Atlantis
191	{{flagicon\|USA}} John H. Casper (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Curtis L. Brown (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Daniel W. Bursch (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mario Runco, Jr. (3) {{flagicon\|CAN}} J. Marc Garneau (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Andrew S.W. Thomas (1)	19 May 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-77, Endeavour		29 May 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-77, Endeavour		SPACEHAB-4: miscellaneous science experiments. Deployment of Spartan-207/IAE (Inflatable Antenna Experiment) satellite. Rendezvous with experimental satellite.
192	{{flagicon\|USA}} Terence T. Henricks (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kevin R. Kregel (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Susan J. Helms (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Richard M. Linnehan (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Charles E. Brady {{flagicon\|FRA}} Jean-Jacques Favier {{flagicon\|CAN}} Robert B. Thirsk (1)	20 June 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-78, Columbia		7 July 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-78, Columbia		Microgravity, human physiology and life sciences research.
193	{{flagicon\|FRA}} Claudie Haigneré (1)	18 August 1996 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-24	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-23	Mir crew rotation. Biological and medical experiments. First Frenchwoman in space (Andre-Deshays).
193	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Valery Korzun (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Aleksandr Kaleri (2)	18 August 1996 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-24	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-24
194	{{flagicon\|USA}} William F. Readdy (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Terrence W. Wilcutt (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Thomas D. Akers (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerome Apt (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Carl E. Walz (3)	16 September 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-79, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-79, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply. Miscellaneous scientific experiments.
194	{{flagicon\|USA}} John E. Blaha (5)	16 September 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-79, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-81, Atlantis
195	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Cockrell (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kent V. Rominger (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Tamara E. Jernigan (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Thomas D. Jones (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} F. Story Musgrave (6)	19 November 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-80, Columbia		7 December 1996 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-80, Columbia		Deployment and retrieval of Wake Shield Facility and German-built Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph-Shuttle Pallet Satellite II (ORFEUS-SPAS II).
196	{{flagicon\|USA}} Michael A. Baker (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Brent W. Jett (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} John M. Grunsfeld (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Marsha S. Ivins (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Peter J.K. Wisoff (3)	12 January 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-81, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-81, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
196	{{flagicon\|USA}} Jerry M. Linenger (2)	12 January 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-81, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-84, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
197	{{flagicon\|GER}} Reinhold Ewald	10 February 1997 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-25	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-24	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
197	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Vasili Tsibliev (2) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Aleksandr Lazutkin	10 February 1997 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-25	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-25	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
198	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kenneth D. Bowersox (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott J. Horowitz (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mark C. Lee (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Steven A. Hawley (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Gregory J. Harbaugh (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Steven L. Smith (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Joseph R. Tanner (2)	11 February 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-82, Discovery		21 February 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-82, Discovery		Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission.
199	{{flagicon\|USA}} James D. Halsell (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Susan L. Still (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Janice E. Voss (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Donald A. Thomas (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael L. Gernhardt (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Roger K. Crouch (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Gregory T. Linteris (1)	4 April 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-83, Columbia		8 April 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-83, Columbia		Microgravity experiments. Mission cut short due to fuel cell problems.
200	{{flagicon\|USA}} Charles J. Precourt (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Eileen M. Collins (2) {{flagicon\|FRA}} Jean-François Clervoy (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Carlos I. Noriega (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Edward T. Lu (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Yelena Kondakova (2)	15 May 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-84, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-84, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply. First joint US-Russian space walk.
200	{{flagicon\|USA}} C. Michael Foale (4)	15 May 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-84, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-86, Atlantis
201	{{flagicon\|USA}} James D. Halsell (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Susan L. Still (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Janice E. Voss (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Donald A. Thomas (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael L. Gernhardt (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Roger K. Crouch (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Gregory T. Linteris (2)	1 July 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-94, Columbia		17 July 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-94, Columbia		Microgravity experiments. Reflight of curtailed STS-83 mission.
202	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Anatoly Solovyev (5) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Pavel Vinogradov (1)	{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-26	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-26	Mir repair.
203	{{flagicon\|USA}} Curtis L. Brown (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kent V. Rominger (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} N. Jan Davis (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Robert L. Curbeam (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Stephen K. Robinson (1) {{flagicon\|CAN}} Bjarni V. Tryggvason	7 August 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-85, Discovery		19 August 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-85, Discovery		Atmospheric research.
204	{{flagicon\|USA}} James D. Wetherbee (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael J. Bloomfield (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Vladimir Titov (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott E. Parazynski (2) {{flagicon\|FRA}} Jean-Loup Chrétien (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Wendy B. Lawrence (2)	25 September 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-86, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-86, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
204	{{flagicon\|USA}} David A. Wolf (3)	25 September 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-86, Atlantis	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-89, Endeavour	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
205	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kevin R. Kregel (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Steven W. Lindsey (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Winston E. Scott (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kalpana Chawla (1) {{flagicon\|JPN}} Takao Doi (1) {{flagicon\|UKR}} Leonid Kadeniuk	19 November 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-87, Columbia		5 December 1997 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-87, Columbia		Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Japanese EVA (Doi). First Ukrainian in space (Kadenyuk).
206	{{flagicon\|USA}} Terrence W. Wilcutt (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Joe F. Edwards {{flagicon\|USA}} Bonnie J. Dunbar (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael P. Anderson (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} James F. Reilly (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Salizhan Sharipov (1)	22 January 1998 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-89, Endeavour	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-89, Endeavour	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
206	{{flagicon\|USA}} Andrew S.W. Thomas (2)	22 January 1998 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-89, Endeavour	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-91, Discovery	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
207	{{flagicon\|FRA}} Léopold Eyharts (1)	29 January 1998 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-27	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-26	Mir crew rotation.
207	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Talgat Musabayev (2) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Nikolai Budarin (2)	29 January 1998 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-27	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-27	Mir crew rotation.
208	{{flagicon\|USA}} Richard A. Searfoss (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott D. Altman (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Richard M. Linnehan (2) {{flagicon\|CAN}} Dafydd R. Williams (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Kathryn P. Hire (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jay C. Buckley {{flagicon\|USA}} James A. Pawelzyk	17 April 1998 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-90, Columbia		3 May 1998 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-90, Columbia		Neuroscience research. Final Spacelab mission.
209	{{flagicon\|USA}} Charles J. Precourt (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Wendy B. Lawrence (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (6) {{flagicon\|USA}} Janet L. Kavandi (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Valery Ryumin (3)	{{flagicon>USA}} STS-91, Discovery	Mir		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-91, Discovery	Final Shuttle-Mir docking. Mir crew rotation and resupply. Astrophysics research.
210	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Baturin (1)	15 August 1998 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-28	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-27	Mir crew rotation.
	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Gennady Padalka (1)				{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-28
	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Sergei Avdeyev (3)				{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-29
211	{{flagicon\|USA}} Curtis L. Brown (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} Steven W. Lindsey (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott E. Parazynski (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Stephen K. Robinson (2) {{flagicon\|ESP}} Pedro Duque (1) {{flagicon\|JPN}} Chiaki Mukai (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} John H. Glenn (2)	29 October 1998 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-95, Discovery		7 November 1998 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-95, Discovery		Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Spaniard in space (Duque). Veteran John Glenn returned to space aged 77.
212	{{flagicon\|USA}} Robert D. Cabana (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Frederick W. Sturckow (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Nancy J. Sherlock Currie (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jerry L. Ross (6) {{flagicon\|USA}} James H. Newman (3) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Sergei Krikalev (4)	{{flagicon>USA}} STS-88, Endeavour	ISS		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-88, Endeavour	First ISS construction mission. Delivery of Unity Node Module.
213	{{flagicon\|SVK}} Ivan Bella	20 February 1999 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-29	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-28	Mir crew rotation. First Slovak in space (Bella).
213	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Viktor Afanasyev (3) {{flagicon\|FRA}} Jean-Pierre Haigneré (2)	20 February 1999 {{flagicon\|RUS}} Soyuz TM-29	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-29	Mir crew rotation. First Slovak in space (Bella).
214	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kent V. Rominger (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Rick D. Husband (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Ellen L. Ochoa (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Tamara E. Jernigan (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} Daniel T. Barry (2) {{flagicon\|CAN}} Julie Payette (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Valery Tokarev (1)	{{flagicon>USA}} STS-96, Discovery	ISS		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-96, Discovery	Second ISS flight. ISS assembly and resupply.
215	{{flagicon\|USA}} Eileen M. Collins (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jeffrey S. Ashby (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Steven A. Hawley (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} Catherine G. Coleman (2) {{flagicon\|FRA}} Michel Tognini (2)	23 July 1999 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-93, Columbia		27 July 1999 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-93, Columbia		Deployment of Chandra X-ray Observatory. First female Shuttle Commander (Collins).
216	{{flagicon\|USA}} Curtis L. Brown (6) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott J. Kelly (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Steven L. Smith (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} C. Michael Foale (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} John M. Grunsfeld (3) {{flagicon\|CHE}} Claude Nicollier (4) {{flagicon\|FRA}} Jean-François Clervoy (3)	19 December 1999 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-103, Discovery		27 December 1999 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-103, Discovery		Hubble Space Telescope servicing.
217	{{flagicon\|USA}} Kevin R. Kregel (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Janet L. Kavandi (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Janice E. Voss (5) {{flagicon\|JPN}} Mamoru Mohri (2) {{flagicon\|GER}} Gerhard Thiele	11 February 2000 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-99, Endeavour		22 February 2000 {{flagicon\|USA}} STS-99, Endeavour		Radar topographic mapping of Earth's surface.
218	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Sergei Zalyotin (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Aleksandr Kaleri (3)	{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-30	Mir		{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-30	Mir repairs. 39th and final Mir mission.
219	{{flagicon\|USA}} James D. Halsell (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott J. Horowitz (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Mary E. Weber (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Jeffrey N. Williams (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} James S. Voss (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Susan J. Helms (4) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Usachev (3)	{{flagicon>USA}} STS-101, Atlantis	ISS		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-101, Atlantis	ISS construction and supply.
220	{{flagicon\|USA}} Terrence W. Wilcutt (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Scott D. Altman (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Daniel C. Burbank (1) {{flagicon\|USA}} Edward T. Lu (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Richard A. Mastracchio (1) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Malenchenko (2) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Boris Morukov	{{flagicon>USA}} STS-106, Atlantis	ISS		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-106, Atlantis	ISS supply. Preparation for first long-term crew.
221	{{flagicon\|USA}} Brian Duffy (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Pamela A. Melroy (1) {{flagicon\|JPN}} Koichi Wakata (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Leroy Chiao (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Peter J.K. Wisoff (4) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael E. Lopez-Alegria (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} William S. McArthur (3)	{{flagicon>USA}} STS-92, Discovery	ISS		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-92, Discovery	ISS construction and outfitting. 100th Space Shuttle mission.
222	{{flagicon\|RUS}} Yuri Gidzenko (2) {{flagicon\|RUS}} Sergei Krikalev (5) {{flagicon\|USA}} William M. Shepherd (4)	{{flagicon>RUS}} Soyuz TM-31	ISS (crew 1)		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-102, Discovery	First ISS Expedition Crew.
223	{{flagicon\|USA}} Brent W. Jett (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Michael J. Bloomfield (2) {{flagicon\|USA}} Joseph R. Tanner (3) {{flagicon\|CAN}} J. Marc Garneau (3) {{flagicon\|USA}} Carlos I. Noriega (2)	{{flagicon>USA}} STS-97, Endeavour	ISS		{{flagicon>USA}} STS-97, Endeavour	ISS construction and supply. Delivery of the first set of solar arrays and batteries.

References

Vostok and Voskhod flight history
[https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/manned_flights.html Mercury flight history]
[https://history.nasa.gov/monograph18.pdf X-15 flight history (altitudes given in feet)]
[https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/gemini.html Gemini flight history]
[https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-was-apollo-program-58.html Apollo flight history (student resource)]
[https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/skylab/missions/skylab_manned.html Skylab flight history]
[https://www.nasa.gov/apollo-soyuz/overview Apollo-Soyuz flight history]
[https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/537939main_ss-launches-080311.pdf Space Shuttle flight history infographic]
Shenzhou flight history timeline
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100822194232/http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/combined_white_knight_spaceshipone_flight_tests SpaceShipOne flight history]

{{Portal | Spaceflight }}{{Wikipedia books|Human Spaceflights (1991-2000)}}{{Space exploration lists and timelines}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List of human spaceflights, 1991-2000}}

4 : Human spaceflight|Lists of astronauts|Spaceflight timelines|1990s-related lists

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See also

References