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词条 List of Iraqi artists
释义

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D

  5. E

  6. F

  7. G

  8. H

  9. I

  10. J

  11. K

  12. M

  13. N

  14. O

  15. P

  16. Q

  17. R

  18. S

  19. T

  20. U/V/W

  21. Y

  22. Z

  23. See also

  24. References

  25. Further reading

{{Main|Iraqi art}}

The following is a list of important artists, including visual arts, poets and musicians, who were born in Iraq, active in Iraq or whose body of work is primarily concerned with Iraqi themes or subject matter.

Note: This article uses Arabic naming customs: the name "al" (which means 'from a certain place') or "ibn" or "ben" (which means 'son of') are not used for alphabetical indexing. Artists are listed alphabetically by their paternal family name. For example, the Iraqi artist Hashem Muhammad al-Baghdadi, is listed under "B" for Baghdadi, the paternal family name while the artist Zigi Ben-Haim, is listed under "H" for Haim.

{{compact ToC|side=yes|top=yes|seealso=yes|references=yes|furtherreading=yes}}

A

  • Salman Abbas (b. 1945)[1]
  • Faraj Abbo (1921-1984) artist, theatre director, designer, author and educator[2]
  • Ibrahim Al-Abdali (b. 1965) [3]
  • Adel Abidin (b. 1973) fi:Adel Abidin multi-media artist and painter
  • Shinyar Abdullah 20th-century ceramicist [4]
  • Firyal Al-Adhamy (also known as Ferial al-Althami) (b. 1950) hurufiyya artist, calligrapher
  • Iyad Almosawi (b. 1955) Canadian-Iraqi artist [5]
  • Asmaa al-Agha (b. ?) [6]
  • Kajal Ahmad (b. 1967 Kirkuk) Kurdish-Iraqi poet [7]
  • Mahmoud Ahmad (b.?) painter [8]
  • Najiba Ahmad (b. 1954) poet
  • Modhir Ahmed (born 1956), visual artist
  • Ghani Alani (b. 1930 Baghdad) calligrapher [9]
  • Sadik Kwaish Alfraji (b. Baghdad, 1960) [10]
  • M.J. Alhabeeb (born 1954), calligrapher and painter
  • Ayad Alkadhi (born 1971), visual artist
  • Rheim Alkadhi (b. 1973) multidisciplinary artist
  • Halim Alkarim (b. 1963) photographer [11]
  • Sama Alshaibi (b. 1973) Media artist (video, photography) and installation artist
  • Usama Alshaibi (b. 1969) visual media artist (video, photography)
  • Jaber Alwan (b. 1948 Baghdad) Italian-Iraqi painter [12]
  • Hamid al-Attar (b. 1935) (alternative: Hameed al Attar) painter [13]
  • Jananne Al-Ani (b. 1966) Iraqi-Irish photographer and film-maker
  • Latif al-Ani (b. 1932) photographer, known as the 'father of Iraqi photography' [14]
  • Hassan Abd Alwan 20th-century painter [15]
  • Sinan Antoon (also known as Sargon Boulus) (b. 1967) poet [16]
  • Mohamed Arif (1937-2009) [17]
  • Layla Al-Attar, artist and painter
  • Suad al-Attar (born 1942), painter [18]
  • Basim al-Ansar 20th-century poet[19]
  • Halla Ayla (born 1957), photographer, painter
  • Abla al-Azzawi ceramicist [20]
  • Dia Azzawi (b. 1939) painter active in Iraq and London
  • Fadhil Al Azzawi 20th century poet [21]
  • Qasim al-Azzawi [22]
  • Taleb Abd al-Aziz 20th-century poet [23]

B

  • Fātima al-Baghdādī bt. Hasan b. ‘Alī b. ‘Abdullāh Attar (d. 480/1087) 11th-century calligrapher [24]
  • Hashem Muhammad al-Baghdadi (1917-1973) calligrapher [25]
  • Niazi Mawlawi Baghdadi - nineteenth century painter, decorator and calligrapher [26]
  • Ahmed Al Bahrani (b. 1965) sculptor
  • Abdul Jabar al-Banna (b. 1924) sculptor[27]
  • Ala Bashir (born 1939), painter, sculptor and plastic surgeon[28]
  • Salman Al Basri (born 1939) [29]
  • Yahya Zaki Batat (b. 1958) poet, journalist, writer and painter [30]
  • Ibn al-Bawwāb 10th/11th-century calligrapher [31]
  • Abdul Waha al-Bayati 91926-1999) poet [32]
  • Basil Al Bayati (b. 1946) architect and designer
  • Azzam Al-Bazzaz (b. 1948 Mosul) sculptor [33]
  • Wafaa Bilal (b. 1966), performance artist, author and educator
  • Bilal Basheer ( painter )

C

  • Wasma'a Khalid Chorbachi (born 1944), Iraqi-American ceramist, calligrapher, painter
  • Kamil Chadirji (1897-1968), photographer [34]
  • Rifa'at Chadirchi (b. 1924) Iraqi architect (son of photographer, Kamil Chardirji)

D

  • Rakan Dabdoub (b. 1941), painter [35]
  • Issa Hanna Dabish (1919-2009) pioneer painter[36]
  • Murad al-Daghistani (b. 1917 Mosul, Iraq - 1984) pioneering photographer[37]
  • Sat'aar Darweesh [38]
  • Salim al-Dabbagh (b. 1941) artist and print-maker [39]
  • Mahmoud Darwish (1941-2008) poet
  • Bassem Hamad al-Dawiri (died 2007), sculptor and artist
  • Samarkand Al Djabiri, 20th-century poet [40]
  • Hafidh al-Droubi (1914-1991) (also given as Hafid or Hafez Drubi) (1914-1991) painter and educator [41]

E

  • Enheduanna 23rd century BCE poetess, wrote on Cuneiform tablets
  • Khalid Ezzat (b. circa 1937) sculptor[42]

F

  • Mulla Muhammad 'Ali Al-Fadli (d. 1948) master calligrapher[43]
  • Lisa Fattah (1941–1992), German-born painter, wife of Ismail Fatah al-Turk, active in Iraq
  • Zaynab Shāhdā bt. Ahmad b. Al-Faraj b. ‘Omar Al-Abrī (d. 547/1178) 12th-century female calligrapher [44]
  • Mayasalom Faraj (b. ?) US born of Iraqi parents [45]
  • Fuzûlî (Muhammad bin Suleyman) 15th century poet
  • Mun'im Furat (1900-1972) sculptor [46]

G

  • Ghassan Ghaib (or Gassan Ghaeb) (b. 1964) painter [47]

H

  • Abdulameer Yousef Habeeb (b. ?) calligrapher
  • Mohammed Saeed Al-Habboubi (1849- 1915) poet
  • Murtadha Haddad (b. ?) sculptor [48]
  • Zaha Hadid (1950-2016), Iraqi-British architect
  • Assim Abdul Hafid (1886 - ?)[49]
  • Bahija Al-Hakim (b. 1937) artist [50]
  • Wihad al-Halem (b? ) [51]
  • Dareh Hamassy (alternative: Dar Hama Si) (b. 1938) sculptor [52]
  • Asim Hafez (1886- 1978) pioneer painter [53]
  • Kadhim Hayder (alternatives: Kazem Haider, Kadhim Haydar) (1932- 1985) [54]
  • Ahli in Haidarkhana 19th-century photographer, active in Baghdad[55]
  • Zigi Ben-Haim (b. 1945) sculptor and painter
  • Mansur Al-Hallaj 9th century Sufi poet and mystic
  • Mohammed Hussein al Hamdany 20th-century painter [56]
  • Jamil Hamoudi, (1924-2003), sculptor, painter and author
  • Choman Hardi (born 1974), poet, translator and painter
  • Faeq Hassan (1914–1990), painter [57]
  • Mohammed Ghani Hikmat (1929–2011), sculptor [58]
  • Souhail al-Hindawy (b.1948) sculptor [59]
  • Mohammed al-Husni (b.?) [60]

I

  • Tarik Ibrahim 20th-century ceramicist[61]
  • Ghareeb Iskander 20th-century poet [62]

J

  • Sinan Jabar 20th-century poet [63]
  • Jabra Ibrahim Jabra (1920-1994) painter, art historian, art critic and author
  • Khalid al-Jader (1922-1988) painter, educator, art historian and author[64]
  • Najar al-Jader (b.? ) [65]
  • Mustafa Ja'far (b ?) painter and calligrapher [66]
  • Omar al-Jaffal 20th-century poet and journalist [67]
  • Sadik Jaffar painter [68]
  • Furat al Jamil (b. 1965) - film-maker and sculptor [69]
  • Ishtar Jamil (b.? ) [70]
  • Tahir Jamil 20th-century photographer [71]
  • Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri (1899–1997) poet
  • Abdul Kader al-Janabi 20th century poet [72]
  • Koutaiba Al Janabi (?-?) film-maker and photographer [73]
  • Haky Jasim (b. 1958 Baghdad) [74]
  • Fuad Jihad (b. 1946 Baghdad) painter and illustrator [75]
  • Yahya Jawad (b. 1928 Baghdad) calligrapher [76]
  • Amal al-Jubouri (b. 1967) poet
  • Jamal Jumá poet
  • Saleh al-Jumai'e (b. 1939) (alternative: Salih al-Jumaie) contemporary artist [77]
  • Muqbel Jirjis (b.1930) sculptor

K

  • Saadi Al Kaabi (b 1937) hurufiyya artist [78]
  • Nida Kadhim (b. 1937) sculptor
  • Sabreen Kadhim 20th-century power [79]
  • Hayv Kahraman (born 1981) painter and sculptor
  • Ismail al-Khaid (b. abt 1900) painter[80]
  • David Kanikanian 20th-century ceramicist [81]
  • Ittihad Karim (b.1940) sculptor [82]
  • Halim al-Karim (b. 1963) painter [83]
  • Jihad al-Kareem [84]
  • Farouk Kaspaules (born ?) artist
  • Hashim al-Khattat, "Hashim the Calligrapher," (1917-1973) calligrapher, considered as the last of the classical calligraphers
  • Ismael Al Khaid (b. abt 1900) hurufiyya artist [85]
  • Amer Khalil (b.1957) sculptor
  • Sufyan al-Khazraji 20th-century photographer
  • Rachel Khedoori (born 1964) Australian-born artist of Iraqi heritage (twin sister of Toba Khedoori)
  • Toba Khedoori (born 1964), Australian-born artist of Iraqi heritage, known primarily for highly detailed mixed-media paintings (twin sister of Rachel Khedoori)
  • Paulus Khofri (1923–2000), composer, lyricist and painter
  • Akeel Korsheed (?-?) 21st century artist [86]
  • Nedim Kufi (b. 1966), multi-disciplinary visual artist and graphic designer

M

  • Muhammad Hasan Abi al-Mahasin poet
  • Abdul Karim Mahmoud (1906-1986)[87]
  • Mohammed Mahr al-Din (alternatives: Mohammed Muruddin, Mahommed Mahruddin) painter and calligrapher [88]
  • Talib Makki [89]
  • Mohamed Makiya (1914-2015) modernist architect and patron of the arts [90]
  • Vartan Malakian (b. 1947) painter and artist
  • Hanaa Malallah (b. 1958) painter
  • Nazik al-Malaika (1923-2007) poet [91]
  • Hassan Massoudy (b. 1944) painter and calligrapher
  • Ahmed Matar (b. 1954) poet[92]
  • Tariq Mazlum (b. 1933) [93]
  • Mekki Hussein Mekki (b.1947) sculptor [94]
  • Dunya Mikhail (b. 1965) poet
  • Ghassan Muhsen (born 1945), artist, painter and ambassador
  • Ibn Muqla (885/6–940) 10th-century calligrapher

N

  • Hadi Al Najjar (b. 1957) photographer [95]
  • Qassim Naji (1910-1985)[96]
  • Rafa al-Nasiri (b. 1940) painter, print-maker, educator and author[97]
  • Kutaiba Sheik Noori (b. ?) (alternative: Qutaiba Al Shaikh Nuri) doctor, calligrapher and painter [98]
  • Muzaffar Al-Nawab (b. 1934) poet, critic and painter [99]
  • Abū Nuwās al-Ḥasan ibn Hānī al-Ḥakamī 9th century Iraqi poet
  • Farah Nosh (b ?) photographer and photo-journalist
  • Qutaiba Shaikh Nouri (d. 1979) physician, artist, photographer [100]
  • Salima Sultan Nur, 20th-century poet [101]
  • Kadhim Nwir (b. 1967, Qadisiyah, Iraq) [102]

O

  • Amer al-Obaidi (b. 1943)(alternative: Amer al-Ubeidi)[103]
  • Mahmoud Obaidi (b. Baghdad 1966) painter, conceptual artist, sculptor, film-maker
  • Madiha Omar (1908 – 2005) pioneer of the Hurufiyya movement
  • Widad Al Orfali (b. 1929)[104]

P

  • Fred Parhad (b. 1947) sculptor

Q

  • Ea'ad Abdul Qadir 20th-century poet[105]
  • Nadwa Qaragholi (?-?) painter [106]

R

  • Husain al-Radi (1924–1963), politician, poet, and painter
  • Nuha al-Radi (born 1941), diarist, ceramicist, painter[107]
  • Khaled al-Rahal (1926-1987), sculptor and painter[108]
  • Nadhim Ramzi (1928–2013) artist and graphic designer
  • Roya Raouf (b.?) [109]
  • Abdul Qadir Al Rassam (1882–1952), painter [110]
  • Nuri al-Rawi (1925-2014) painter and sculptor [111]
  • Wafaa Abed Al Razzaq (b. 1952) poet[112]
  • Ahmed Abdul Razzaq (b. ?) painter[113]
  • Kareem Risan (alternative: Karim Rissin) (b. 1960 Baghdad) [114]
  • Shawkwat al-Rubaei (born 1940 Amara, Iraq) artist [115]

S

  • Munir el-Saadawi (b. 1952) painter and print-maker, now residing in Spain [116]
  • Miran al-Saadi (b. 1934) [117] sculptor
  • Faisal al-Saadi (b. 1939) painter and sculptor [118]
  • Issa Hannah Attar Sabri (1913-1987) painter [119]
  • Mahmoud Sabri (1927-2012) (alternative: Mahommed Sabri Said) pioneering painter [120]
  • Salam Atta Sabri (1913-1987) painter, educator and Director of the National Museum of Modern Art (Baghdad) [121]
  • Mahmoud Sabri (b. ?) painter [122]
  • Salam Attar Sabri (b. 1953) (son of Atta Sabri) -ceramicist and artist [123]
  • Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi poet, educator and activist (1863–1936)
  • Mahmoud Saeed 20th-century photographer [124]
  • Ahmed Al Safi (born 1971), sculptor
  • Faisal Laibi Sahi (b. 1947) painter and water-colourist [125]
  • Shakir Hassan Al Said (1925–2004), painter, art historian, art critic, educator and prolific author [126]
  • Dara Hana al-Said (b. 1946) sculptor [127]
  • Issam al-Said (1938-1988) painter, print-maker, designer, etcher, architect, philosopher and author[128]
  • Monkith Saaid (1958-2008) painter[129]
  • Jawad Saleem (also given as Jawed Salim or Joad Salim) (1920–1961), sculptor
  • Tamara Salman 20th century designer
  • Hashim Samarchi (alternative: Hashem Samarji) (b. 1939) [130]
  • Maheen al-Sarraf (b.? ) [131]
  • Ghazi al-Saudi 20th-century painter [132]
  • Siham al-Saudi 20th-century ceramicist [133]
  • Adnan al-Sayegh 20th-century poet [134]
  • Naoum al-Sayegh (father of the writer Yusuf al-Sayegh) 19th-century photographer and film-maker [135]
  • Yusufal Sayegh (1934-2005) poet, novelist and painter[136]
  • Lorna Selim (1928- 2012) artist and English-born wife of Jawad Saleem
  • Rashad Selim (b. 1957 Sudan) artist, curator and art critic, a minor member of the Selim dynasty of artists [137]
  • Zeid Saleh [138]
  • Naziha Salim (1927–2008), artist and painter (sister of Jawad Saleem)
  • Hajj Suad Salim (b. 1918) - painter and cartoonist, brother of Jawad Saleem[139]
  • Mohammed Hajji Selim (1883-1941) painter, father of Suad Salim, Jawad Saleem, Naziha Salim and Nizarre Selim [140]
  • Nazar Selim (b. 1925) painter and writer, brother of Jawad Saleem[141]
  • Hassim Al-Samarchi (b. 193 ) painter [142]
  • Ghazi Saudi[143]
  • ʿAbdallāh Sayrafī 14th century calligrapher [144]
  • Omar Al-Shahaby (b. 1983 Baghdad) [145]
  • Badr Shakir al-Sayyab (1926-1964) poet
  • Khudayer Shakarchi 20th-century artist [146]
  • Ismail al-Shaikhly (1924-2002) [147]
  • Khudayer al Shakarji (Bakouba 1937- 2006) painter [148]
  • Bassim Al-Shaker (b. 1986, Baghdad, Iraq) - painter [149]
  • Delair Shaker (b. 1971) painter[150]
  • Mohammed Ali Shaker (b. ?) painter[151]
  • Saad Shaker (1935-2005) painter [152]
  • Andy Shallal (born 1969) artist and activist
  • Badr Shakir al-Sayyab[153]
  • Sihan al-Saudi (b. ?) [154]
  • Yusuf Senabel 19th-century photographer [155]
  • Mohammed Al-Shammerey (b. 1962) multi-media artist [156]
  • Ismail al-Sheikhly (1924-2002) painter [157]
  • Naseer Shamma (b. 1963) musician and singer
  • Walid Siti (b. 1954)[158]
  • Akram Shukri (1910-1986) painter [159]
  • Vian Sora (born 1976), painter
  • Mahmodd Shubbar (b. 1965 Babel) [160]
  • Akram Shukri (1910-1986) pioneer painter [161]
  • Ahmad al-Suhrawardi 12th/13th century calligrapher [162]

T

  • Abdul Karim Ibrahim Tiouti late 9th-century-early 20th-century photographer active in Basra, said to have introduced the camera to Iraq [163]
  • Saad al-Ta'i [164] 20th-century painter
  • Ali Talib (b. 1944) [165]
  • Aatqall Taúaa (b. ?) sculptor and author
  • Ismail Fatah Al Turk (1934–2004), painter and sculptor
  • Hashim Al-Tawil (b. 1952) painter, print-maker and art historian[166]
  • Basheer Taha painter

U/V/W

  • Abdelrahim Al-Wakil (b. ?) sculptor [167]
  • Iman Al Waili 20th-century poet [168]
  • Yahya Al-Wasiti, 13th century illustrator
  • Khalil al Warid (c.1923-1984) sculptor

Y

  • Nazar Yahya, Iraqi-American etcher, sculptor (in metal), installation artist and photographer
  • Abdul Raheem Yassir (b. 1951, Qadisiyah, Iraq), cartoonist [169]
  • Saadi Yousef (b. 1934, near Basra), poet, author and journalist[170]
  • Najib Yunes (1930-2007)[171]
  • Yaqut al-Musta'simi 13th-century calligrapher

Z

  • Khalil al-Zahawi (1946-2007), calligrapher
  • Muqbil Al-Zahawi (b. 1935), ceramicist[172][173]
  • Hajj Salim Mohammed Saleh Zaki (1888-1974)[174]
  • Haifa Zangana (born 1950), novelist, author and artist
  • Abdulzahra Zeki [175]
  • Hashim Zidan (b.?) sculptor [176]

See also

  • Baghdad School
  • Hurufiyya movement
  • Iraqi art
  • Islamic art
  • Islamic architecture
  • Islamic calligraphy
  • List of Iraqi women artists
Major Iraqi public artworks
  • Al-Shaheed Monument. Baghdad
  • The Monument to the Unknown Soldier, Baghdad
  • Victory Arch, Baghdad

References

1. ^Inati, S.C. (ed.), Iraq: Its History, People, and Politics, Humanity Books, 2003, p. 84
2. ^Mermier, F., Liban, espaces partagés et pratiques de rencontre, Vol. 1 of Les cahiers de l'IFPO, Institut français du Proche-Orient, 2008, p. 143
3. ^Inati, S.C. (ed.), Iraq: Its History, People, and Politics, Humanity Books, 2003, p. 73
4. ^Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. `101
5. ^Estuary Auctions, Contemporary Art [Catalogue of Sale], Dubai, 2018, p.63
6. ^Shawqi, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]
7. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
8. ^Salīm, N., Iraq: Contemporary Art, Vol. 1, Sartec, 1977, pp 93-94; Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, p.35, Online:
9. ^Khalsi, K., "Interview with Ghani Alani" UNESCO Online:
10. ^Mouasher, M. and Mols, L. (eds), Modern and Contemporary Arab Art from the Levant: The Majida Mouasher Collection, Schilt Publishing, 2016, p. 105; Muller, N., Sadik Kwaish Alfraji, Schilt Publishing, 2015; "Sadik Kwaish Alfraji," [Biographical Notes], Galerie Tanit, Online:
11. ^Al-Dabbagh, S., "Photographing Against the Grain: A History of Photography," Part I, Contemporary Practices, vol. 5, pp 40-51 Online:
12. ^Estuary Auctions, Contemporary Art [Catalogue of Sale], 2018, Dubai, p.45
13. ^Al-Ali, and Al-Najjar, D., We Are Iraqis: Aesthetics and Politics in a Time of War, Syracuse University Press, 2013, pp 39 -40; Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, p. 62 Online:
14. ^Ruya Foundation, "Exhibition: Latif Al Ani, Founding Father of Iraqi Photography," October 31, 2017 [https://ruyafoundation.org/en/project/latif-coningsby/ Online:]; Arraf, J., "Art in Iraq: ‘Baghdad is happening! It’s like New York...’" The Guardian, 19 April 2015 [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/19/art-in-iraq Online:]; Montazami, M., Latif Al Ani, Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2017
15. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, p. 66, Online:
16. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
17. ^Kurdistan Art, Online:
18. ^Eigner, S. (ed), Art of the Middle East: Modern and Contemporary Art of the Arab World and Iran, Merrell, 2010, p. 168
19. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
20. ^Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.Y., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, p. 109; Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 101
21. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
22. ^Iraqi Women's League, Online: (translated from Arabic)
23. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
24. ^Kazan, H., Dünden Bugüne Hanim Hattatlar [Female calligraphers past and present],Istanbul Büyüksehir Belediyesi Kültür Isleri Daire Baskanligi, Istanbul, 2010, {{ISBN|6055592517}}
25. ^"Hashem Muhammad al-Baghdadi," Oxford Art Online; Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S. (eds), Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, OUP, 2009, pp 13-14; Turner, J., The Dictionary of Art, 14 217; 161; Robinson, F. (ed.), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 287
26. ^Al-Said, S.H., Chapters from the History of Plastic Art Movement in Iraq,, 1988, p. 47; Ali, W., Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, Florida University Press, 1997, p. 46
27. ^Modern Art Iraq Archive
28. ^Iraq Today, Volumes 104-127, Ministry of Information, Directorate General of Information, Iraq, 1980, p. 26
29. ^Iraq Today, Volumes 104-127, Ministry of Information, Directorate General of Information, Iraq, 1980, p. 26
30. ^Estuary Auctions, Contemporary Art [Catalogue of Sale], Dubai, 2018, p.49
31. ^"Ibn al-Bawwāb' [Biography] in: Encyclopedia Britannica Online [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ibn-al-Bawwab Online:]
32. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
33. ^Shawqi, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]
34. ^Davis, E., Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq, University of California Press, 2005, p. 305n
35. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, pp 60-63, Online:
36. ^Iraqi Artists' Association, Online:
37. ^Saeed, M., A Portal in Space, University of Texas Press, 2016, p. 75
38. ^Davis, B., "The Iraqi Century of Art," ArtNet Magazine, 14 August 2008 Online:; Halpern, J., "A Baghdad Rescue Operation," New York Magazine, 11 May 2008 Online:
39. ^Floyd, T., "Hafidh al-Droubi," [Biography], Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online
40. ^Saaed, S., "In Eyes of Inana female Iraqi poets reveal life under Saddam Hussein", The National 16 October 2017 [https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/books/in-eyes-of-inana-female-iraqi-poets-reveal-life-under-saddam-hussein-1.667630 Online:]
41. ^Touati, S., "Salim al-Dabbagh," [Biography], Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online; Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47; Faraj, M., Strokes Of Genius: Contemporary Iraqi Art, London, Saqi Books, 2001, p. 43
42. ^"As Hussein Icon Fell," SP Times, 9 April 2004, Online:
43. ^Bloom, J. and Blair, S. (eds), Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art, OUP, 2009, Vol. 3, p. 140
44. ^Kazan, H., Dünden Bugüne Hanim Hattatlar [Female calligraphers past and present],Istanbul Büyüksehir Belediyesi Kültür Isleri Daire Baskanligi, Istanbul, 2010, {{ISBN|6055592517}}
45. ^"Mayasalom Faraj", [Biographical Notes], Iraq Speaks to the Present, [Exhibition Catalogue],British Museum, 2008-09 Pdf
46. ^Baram, A., Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq,1968-89, Springer, 1991, p. 76
47. ^Porter, V, 'Word into Art: Artists of the Modern Middle East', BMP, 2006, p. 132; Porter, V, 'Word into Art: Artists of the Modern Middle East, Dubai, BMP, 2008, p. 145; "Gassan Graib," Barjeel Foundation, Online:
48. ^Ibrahimi Collection, Online:
49. ^Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47
50. ^Shawqi, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]
51. ^Hammon, N.T., "Women Artists in Arab Countries," Al-Raid Journal, vol. 8, nos 44-45, 1988
52. ^[https://artiraq.org/maia/items/browse?collection=164 Modern Art Iraq]
53. ^Reynolds, D.F., The Cambridge Companion to Modern Arab Culture, Cambridge University Press, 2015, p.199
54. ^Al-Bahloly, S., Kadhim Haidar, [Biographical Notes], Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and thre Arab World, http://www.encyclopedia.mathaf.org.qa/en/bios/Pages/Kadhim-Haidar.aspx
55. ^Alaq, A., "The Origins of Photography in Iraq", Arab Pictures, 24 December 2015, [https://blog.arabpx.com/التصوير-الفوتوغرافي-في-التاريخ-والعر-2/ Online:] (translated from Arabic)
56. ^Pomegranate Gallery, Art from Wartime Contemporaries of Baghdad Exhibition,[with brief biographical notes on participants] Online
57. ^Floyd, T., "Faiq Hassan," [Biographical Notes], Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and thre Arab World, Online:; Bloom, J. and Blair, S., Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 141
58. ^Floyd, T., "Mohammed Ghani Hikmat," Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and thre Arab World, Online:
59. ^Art et Engagement Revolutionnaire, p. 227
60. ^Shawqi, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]
61. ^Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 101
62. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
63. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
64. ^Floyd, R., "Khalid al-Jader," Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online; Contemporary Arts Association, Pioneers of the Plastic Art Movement in Bahrain, Ministry of Information, Government Press (Bahrain), 2009, p. 42
65. ^Hammon, N.T., "Women Artists in Arab Countries," Al-Raid Journal, vol. 8, nos 44-45, 1988
66. ^"Mustafa Ja'far", [Biographical Notes], Iraq Speaks to the Present, [Exhibition Catalogue],British Museum, 2008-09 Pdf
67. ^Langendorf, M., "We live with death: Iraqi poets on loss, grief and hope," Middle East Eye, 2 January 2017, [https://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/iraq-country-poets-272677740]
68. ^Halpern, J., "A Baghdad Rescue Operation," New York Magazine, 11 May 2008 Online:
69. ^Ruya Foundation, [https://ruyafoundation.org/en/2013/09/from-berlin-to-baghdad-furat-al-jamil/ Online:]
70. ^Hammon, N.T., "Women Artists in Arab Countries," Al-Raid Journal, vol. 8, nos 44-45, 1988
71. ^Salīm, N., Iraq: Contemporary Art, Vol. 1, Sartec, 1977, p. 173; Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S., Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & ArchitectureOxford University Press, 2009; Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 101
72. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
73. ^Alaq, A., "The Origins of Photography in Iraq", Arab Pictures, 24 December 2015, [https://blog.arabpx.com/التصوير-الفوتوغرافي-في-التاريخ-والعر-2/ Online:] (translated from Arabic)
74. ^Rose, J., Women in Dark Times, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014, p. 216
75. ^Insati, S.C., Iraq: Its History, People, and Politics, Humanity Books, 2003, p. 74
76. ^Ibrahimi Collection, Online:
77. ^"Saleh Jumaie" Bonhams' Gallery, [https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/23058/lot/22/ Online:]; Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.Y., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, p.31
78. ^Eigner, S. (ed), Art of the Middle East: Modern and Contemporary Art of the Arab World and Iran, Merrell, 2010, pp 281-283; Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, p. 59 Online:
79. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
80. ^Barjeel Foundation, "Ismail al-Kahid", [Biographical Notes), [https://www.barjeelartfoundation.org/artist/iraq/ismael-al-khaid/ Online:]
81. ^Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 101
82. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, Online:
83. ^Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 75
84. ^Shawqi, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]
85. ^"Ismael Al Khaid" [Biographical notes], Barjeel Foundation, Online:
86. ^Arraf, J., "Art in Iraq: ‘Baghdad is happening! It’s like New York...’" The Guardian, 19 April 2015 [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/19/art-in-iraq Online:]
87. ^Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47
88. ^Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.Y., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, p.31; Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, pp 59-60, Online:
89. ^Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.Y., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, p.31
90. ^Dabrowska, K., "Mohamed Makiya: Obituary," The Guardian, 27 August 2015 [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/27/mohamed-makiya-obituary Online:]
91. ^Stevens, S., "Nazik al-Malaika (1923-2007) Iraqi Woman’s Journey Changes Map of Arabic Poetry", Al Jadid, vols. 13/14, nos. 58/59, 2007/2008, [https://www.aljadid.com/content/nazik-al-malaika-1923-2007-iraqi-woman%E2%80%99s-journey-changes-map-arabic-poetry Online:]; Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
92. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
93. ^Baram, A., Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq,1968-89, Springer, 1991, p. 69
94. ^Shawqi, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]
95. ^Najjar, H. al, "A Country without History is Rootless”: Baghdad-based photographer Hadi Al Najjar", [Interview], Ibrahimi Collection, July 25, 2017, [https://ruyafoundation.org/en/2017/07/country-without-history-rootless-baghdad-based-photographer-hadi-al-najjar/ Online:]
96. ^Al-Rubaie, S., Wings and Roots,Author House, 2014, p. 23
97. ^an- Nāṣirī, S. and Muẓaffar, M. Rafa al-Nasiri His Life and Art, al-Muʼassasa al-ʻArabīya li-d-Dirāsāt wa-'n-Našr, 2010; Bleicher, S., Contemporary Color: Theory and Use, Cengage Learning, 2012 p. 190; "Rafa al-Naisiri," [Biographical Notes], Barjeel Foundation Online:; Amirsadeghi, G, Mikdadi, S., Shabout, N.M. New Vision: Arab Contemporary Art in the 21st Century, Thames & Hudson, 2009, pages 31 and 41-42
98. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, p. 43, Online:
99. ^Estuary Auctions, Contemporary Art [Catalogue of Sale], 2018, p.62
100. ^"Qtaiba Shaikh Nouri," [Obituary], Baghdad Observer, 5 May 1979, [https://artiraq.org/maia/archive/files/baghdad-observer-1979-may-5-may-muzaffar_87b0e5b796.pdf Online:]
101. ^Saaed, S., "In Eyes of Inana female Iraqi poets reveal life under Saddam Hussein", The National 16 October 2017 [https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/books/in-eyes-of-inana-female-iraqi-poets-reveal-life-under-saddam-hussein-1.667630 Online:]
102. ^"Iraqi art at the Venice Biennale", Ruya Foundation, 2016 [https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iraq/articles/welcome-to-iraq-a-celebration-of-iraqi-art-at-the-venice-biennale/ Online:]
103. ^Inati, S.C. (ed.), Iraq: Its History, People, and Politics, Humanity Books, 2003, p. 84; Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, p. 64, Online:
104. ^Widewalls, [https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/widad-al-orfali/ Online:]
105. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
106. ^Iraqi Artists Association, Online:
107. ^Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 101; Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.T., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, p. 109
108. ^Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, University of California Press, 1991, p. 75
109. ^Shawqi, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]
110. ^Floyd, T., "Abdul Qadir Al Rassam," [Biography], Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online
111. ^Baram, A., Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq,1968-89, Springer, 1991, p. 69
112. ^Saeedm M., "A Legacy of Ruins: Iraqi Letters and Intellectuals Under Saddam's Regime", Al Jadid Magazine, Vol. 9, Nos. 42/43, 2003, [https://www.aljadid.com/content/legacy-ruins-iraqi-letters-and-intellectuals-under-saddams-regime Online:]
113. ^Estuary Auctions, Contemporary Art [Sale Catalogue], Dubai, 2018, p. 60
114. ^Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 96; Dabrowska, K., "Modern Iraqi Art: Discourse with the Past and a Vision of the Future," The Middle East, Volume/issue: no. 339, 2003, [https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-110809900/modern-iraqi-art-discourse-with-the-past-and-a-vision Excerpt oline:]
115. ^Contemporary Arts Association, Pioneers of the Plastic Art Movement in Bahrain, Ministry of Information, Government Press (Bahrain), 2009, p. 42; Al-Rubayei, S., Wings and Roots: An Adventure in Art, Literature and Life, [Autobiography], AuthorHouse, 2014
116. ^Association of Spanish Painters, Online:
117. ^"Miran Al Saadi," Ibrahimi Collection, Online:
118. ^Tsoutas, N. and Fairbairn, A. (eds), Babylon Birdsongs for Peace: Faisal Al-Saadi, Liverpool, N.S.W., Casula Powerhouse Arts Centre &​ Liverpool Regional Museum, 2006, pp 1-26
119. ^Floyd, T., "Attar Sabri," [Biography], Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online:; Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47
120. ^"Quantum Realism, Mahmoud Sabri: A Retrospective," Six Pillars Organisation, [https://sixpillars.org/2013/06/27/quantum-realism-mahmoud-sabri-a-retrospective/ Online:]
121. ^Floyd, T., "Attar Sabri," [Biography], Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online:; Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47; Tejel, J., Writing the Modern History of Iraq: Historiographical and Political Challenges, World Scientific, 2012, p. 481;
122. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, p. 35, Online:
123. ^Hussein, F., '19 years on the departure of the artist Baghdad artist Hafez Aldroubi," Iraqhurr, 10 March 2010, [https://www.iraqhurr.org/a/1980910.html Online:]
124. ^Saeed, M., A Portal in Space, University of Texas Press, 2016, p. 75
125. ^"Faisal Laibi Sahi" Barjeel Foundation, Online:
126. ^Mejcher-Atassi, S., "Shakir Hassan Al Said," Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online:
127. ^Modern Art Iraq Archive
128. ^Al-Ali, and Al-Najjar, D., We Are Iraqis: Aesthetics and Politics in a Time of War, Syracuse University Press, 2013, p. 42
129. ^Al-Hamid, B.A., "Dialogue with Sculptor Monkith Saaid Before His Passing", Ad Jadid: A Review and Record of Arab Culture and the Arts, Vol. 15, no. 60, 2009, [https://www.aljadid.com/content/dialogue-sculptor-monkith-saaid-his-passing Online:]
130. ^Santos, A.V., Rafa Nasiri, Salim Dabbagh and Hashim Samarchi [Catalogue of Exhibition], Galleria Gravura, 1968," available at in Modern Art Iraq Archive, Item #116 [https://artiraq.org/maia/items/show/116 Onine:]; Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, p. 41, Online:
131. ^Hammon, N.T., "Women Artists in Arab Countries," Al-Raid Journal, vol. 8, nos 44-45, 1988
132. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, Online:
133. ^Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 101
134. ^Langendorf, M., "We live with death: Iraqi poets on loss, grief and hope," Middle East Eye, 2 January 2017, [https://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/iraq-country-poets-272677740]
135. ^Alaq, A., "The Origins of Photography in Iraq", Arab Pictures, 24 December 2015, [https://blog.arabpx.com/التصوير-الفوتوغرافي-في-التاريخ-والعر-2/ Online:] (translated from Arabic)
136. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014; Altoma, S.J., Iraq's Modern Arabic Literature: A Guide to English Translations Since 1950, Scarecrow Press, 2010, p. 26; ,Chalala, E., "Youssef al-Sayigh: Poet of Sorrows, Master of Contradictions", Al Jadid, Vol. 11, no.53, 2005, [https://www.aljadid.com/content/youssef-al-sayigh-poet-sorrows-master-contradictions Online"]
137. ^Dabrowska, K., "Modern Iraqi Art: Discourse with the Past and a Vision of the Future," The Middle East, Volume/issue: no. 339, 2003, [https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-110809900/modern-iraqi-art-discourse-with-the-past-and-a-vision Excerpt oline:]
138. ^Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47
139. ^Ministry of Culture (Iraq Ministry of Culture, Culture and Arts in Iraq: Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the July 17–30 Revolution, Iraq, Ministry of Culture and Arts, 1978,p. 23; Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47
140. ^Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47
141. ^Ministry of Culture (Iraq0, Culture and Arts in Iraq: Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the July 17–30 Revolution, Iraq. Ministry of Culture and Arts, 1978,p. 23
142. ^Al-Ali, and Al-Najjar, D., We Are Iraqis: Aesthetics and Politics in a Time of War, Syracuse University Press, 2013, p 35; Treichl, C., Art and Language: Explorations in (Post) Modern Thought and Visual Culture, Kassel University Press, 2017, p.117; Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.Y., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, p.31
143. ^Speech given by Qasim al-Azzawi at a Memorial Event for Miran al Saadi in Baghdad, in: Iraqi Women's League, Online: (translated from Arabic)
144. ^"ʿAbdallāh Sayrafī" [Biography] Iranica Online Online:
145. ^Estuary Auctions, Contemporary Art [Catalogue of Sale], 2018, p.53
146. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, Online:
147. ^Floyd, T., "Ismail al-Shaikhly," [Biography], Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online:; Bloom, J. and Blair, S., Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 141
148. ^Pomegranate Gallery, Art from Wartime Contemporaries of Baghdad Exhibition,[with brief biographical notes on participants] Online
149. ^"Iraqi art at the Venice Biennale", Ruya Foundation, 2016 [https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iraq/articles/welcome-to-iraq-a-celebration-of-iraqi-art-at-the-venice-biennale/ Online:]
150. ^Faruqi, S., "Art as a ‘Psychololgical Outlet': Expatriation and The Work of Contemporary Iraqi Artists," [Essay], Meem Gallery, n.d., Online:
151. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, pp 44-45, Online:
152. ^Treichl, C., Art and Language: Explorations in (Post) Modern Thought and Visual Culture, Kassel University Press, 2017, p.117; Faruqi, S., "Art as a ‘Psychololgical Outlet': Expatriation and The Work of Contemporary Iraqi Artists," [Essay], Meem Gallery, n.d., Online:
153. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
154. ^Hammon, N.T., "Women Artists in Arab Countries," Al-Raid Journal, vol. 8, nos 44-45, 1988
155. ^Alaq, A., "The Origins of Photography in Iraq", Arab Pictures, 24 December 2015, [https://blog.arabpx.com/التصوير-الفوتوغرافي-في-التاريخ-والعر-2/ Online:] (translated from Arabic)
156. ^Tabriart Art Space, [https://www.tabariartspace.com/collections/mohammed-al-shammarey Online:]
157. ^Al-Ali, N. and Al-Najjar, D., We Are Iraqis: Aesthetics and Politics in a Time of War, Syracuse University Press, 2013, p. 39
158. ^"The Art of Walid Siti: A Vision of the Future", The Economist, 3 November, 20111, [https://www.economist.com/prospero/2011/11/03/a-vision-of-the-future Online:]
159. ^Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47; Baram, A., Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq,1968-89, Springer, 1991, p. 69; "Akram Sukri," [Biographical Notes], Bonham's, [https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/17716/lot/21/ Online]
160. ^Estuary Auctions, Contemporary Art [Catalogue of Sale], 2018, Dubai, p.52
161. ^Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47; Baram, A., Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq, 1968-89, Springer, 1991, p. 69; "Akram Sukri," [Biographical Notes], Bonham's, [https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/17716/lot/21/ Online]; Tejel, J., Writing the Modern History of Iraq: Historiographical and Political Challenges, World Scientific, 2012, p. 481
162. ^Oxford Index Online: Online:; Semsar, Mohammad Hassan and Zand, Roxane, “Aḥmad al-Suhrawardī”, in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary (eds), 2008, [https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0227 Online:]
163. ^Alaq, A., "The Origins of Photography in Iraq", Arab Pictures, 24 December 2015, [https://blog.arabpx.com/التصوير-الفوتوغرافي-في-التاريخ-والعر-2/ Online:] (translated from Arabic); Kalash, K., "In Digital Technology, Solar Photography is a Time-immemorial Profession, " Iraq Journal,  
164. ^Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, Online:
165. ^Eigner, S. (ed), Art of the Middle East: Modern and Contemporary Art of the Arab World and Iran, Merrell, 2010, p. 169 and p. 197
166. ^Oweis, D., Encyclopedia of Arab American Artists, ABC-CLIO, 2008, pp 31-35
167. ^Shawki, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]
168. ^Saaed, S., "In Eyes of Inana female Iraqi poets reveal life under Saddam Hussein", The National 16 October 2017 [https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/books/in-eyes-of-inana-female-iraqi-poets-reveal-life-under-saddam-hussein-1.667630 Online:]
169. ^"Iraqi art at the Venice Biennale", Ruya Foundation, 2016 [https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iraq/articles/welcome-to-iraq-a-celebration-of-iraqi-art-at-the-venice-biennale/ Online:]
170. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
171. ^ArtNet (France) Online:
172. ^Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.T., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, p. 109
173. ^Pocock, C., "The Reason for the Project: Art in Iraq Today", in: Azzawi, D. (ed.), Art in Iraq Today, Abu Dhabi, Skira and Meem, 2011, p. 101
174. ^Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, p. 47
175. ^Mikhail, M.,Poets in the World: 15 Iraqi Poets [Poets in the World Series], New Directions, 2014
176. ^Shawqi, A., "Iraq Preps Exhibition of its Looted Modern Art", Albawaba 30 November 2014, [https://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/iraq-preps-exhibition-its-looted-modern-art-627027 Online: ]

Further reading

  • Benezit Dictionary of Asian Artists, Oxford University Press, 2017
  • Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S. (eds), Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Vols 1-3, Oxford University Press, 2009
  • Davis, B., "The Iraqi Century of Art," Artnet Magazine, July, 2008, Online
  • Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.T., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, pp 29-32
  • Dougherty, B.K. and Ghareeb, E.A., Historical Dictionary of Iraq, Scarecrow Press, 2013
  • Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq; University of California Press, 1991
  • Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, Online:
  • Lindgren, A. and Ross, S., The Modernist World, Routledge, 2015
  • Sabrah, S.A. and Ali, M., Iraqi Artwork Red List: A Partial List of the Artworks Missing from the National Museum of Modern Art, Baghdad, Iraq, 2010
  • Salīm, N., Iraq: Contemporary Art, Volume 1, Sartec, 1977; Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Islamic World, Online:
  • Shabout, N., "Ghosts of Futures Past: Iraqi Culture in a State of Suspension," in Denise Robinson, Through the Roadbloacks: Realities in Raw Motion, [Conference Reader], School of Fine Arts, Cyprus University, (23-25 November 2012), 2015
  • Shabout, N., "The Preservation of Iraq's Modern Heritage in the Aftermath of the US Invasion of 2003," in: Elaine A. King and Gail Levin (eds), Ethics And the Visual Arts, New York, Allworth, 2006, pp 105 -120
  • Tuohy, A. and Masters, C., A-Z Great Modern Artists, Hachette UK, 2015; Al-Ali, N. and Al-Najjar, D., We Are Iraqis: Aesthetics and Politics in a Time of War, Syracuse University Press, 2013;
{{Artists by nationality}}

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