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词条 List of Jewish American mobsters
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

  3. Further reading

  4. External links

{{main|Jewish-American organized crime}}

This is a list of Jewish-American mobsters and organized crime figures, ranging from the late 19th century to the present day.

NamePortraitLifeYears activeNotesReferences
Hyman AbramsNo image
available		1920s–1960sLieutenant of Boston Mobster Charles Solomon during Prohibition. Later financed syndicate Las Vegas casinos with Meyer Lansky, Carl Cohen and Jack Entratter during the 1950s and 1960s.[1][2]
Evsei AgronNo image
available		d. 19851970s–1980sRussian-born mobster who established and ran the Russian Mafia in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn until his murder in 1985.
Israel "Ice pick Willie" AldermanNo image
available		1902–1970 From North Minneapolis; associate with David Berman In Minneapolis and Las Vegas. 1965 convicted in Denver of conspiring to use telephone lines to threaten death to a disbarred attorney; 1969 reported under indictment for grand larceny.[1]
Hyman AmbergNo image
available		1902–19261919–1926New York mobster and chief enforcer for his brothers Joseph and Louis "Pretty" Amberg. Hyman and another convict committed suicide following an unsuccessful escape attempt from Tombs Prison.[2][3]
Joseph AmbergNo image
available		1892–19351919–1935New York mobster who led one of the top gangs in Brooklyn during the 1920s and 1930s with brothers Hyman and Louis Amberg. Amberg and an associate, Morris Kessler, were executed by Murder, Inc. in his Brownsville auto garage.[2][3]
Louis "Pretty" AmbergNo image
available		1897–19351919–1935He and brothers Hyman and Joseph Amberg led one of the top criminal gangs in Brooklyn during the 1920s and 1930s. The last surviving brother, he was murdered a month after his brother Joseph by members of Murder, Inc.[2][4]
Moses AnnenbergNo image
available		1877–19421904–1936Newspaperman and organized crime figure. Hired and directed criminal gangs on behalf of the Hearst Corporation during Chicago's "circulation wars" of 1910–1911, and later became owner of the National Racing Wire during the 1920s and 1930s. Later used his wealth to purchase The Philadelphia Inquirer and found the Annenberg Foundation. Jailed for tax evasion in 1939.[5][6][4][7][8][9]
David BermanNo image
available		1903–19571916–1957Associate member of the Genovese crime family who ran syndicate operations in Iowa and Minnesota from the 1920s to the 1940s. Involved in syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 1950s, he and Moe Sedway took over The Flamingo after Bugsy Siegel's murder in 1947.[6]
Otto "Abbadabba" BermanNo image
available		1889–19351920s–1930sMob accountant and financial advisor for New York mobster Dutch Schultz.[5][6][3][4][9][10]
Abe BernsteinNo image
available		1892–19681910s–1960sDetroit mobster and leader of The Purple Gang. After the end of Prohibition, he ran syndicate gambling operations in Miami up until his death in 1968.[6][7]
William Morris BioffNo image
available		1900–19551920s–1930sChicago labor racketeer who extorted millions of dollars from Hollywood studios on behalf of the Chicago Outfit during the 1930s.[5][6][4][9]
Charles BirgerNo image
available		1881–19281919–1928Illinois bootlegger who feuded with the Shelton Brothers Gang throughout Prohibition.
Alex "Shondor" BirnsNo image
available		1907–1975A major gangland figure in Cleveland throughout the 20th century. At one time considered Public Enemy No. 1, he controlled the city's underworld until his murder by Danny Greene in 1975.[6]
Herbert BlitzsteinNo image
available		1934–1997Loanshark and bookmaker for the Chicago Outfit during the 1950s and 1960s. He was the top lieutenant of Anthony Spilotro when he and his crew were sent to Las Vegas.[11]
Ike Bloom1865–1930An early organized crime figure in Chicago associated with "Big Jim" Colosimo. Owned some of the city's most popular nightclubs, such as Midnight Frolics and Kreiberg's, during Prohibition.[7]
Isadore "Kid Cann" BlumenfeldNo image
available		1900–19811900s–1980sMinneapolis mobster who ran the city's underworld from the 1920s until his conviction for violating the Mann Act in 1957. Later retired to Miami Beach where he and Meyer Lansky operated a real estate empire and were involved in syndicate operations in Miami and Havana up until his death in 1981.[5][6][12]
Louis "Lepke" Buchalter1897–19441910s–1940sNew York labor racketeer who dominated the Lower East Side with Jacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 1930s. Later headed Murder, Inc. and was eventually sent to the electric chair at Sing Sing for his role in the organization. He is the only major mobster to be executed by the state.[5][6][2][3][4][7][8][9][10][13][14]
Abraham Chapman1904/06-19911930s–1991 Member of Murder, Inc.; imprisoned in Alcatraz 1951–1960; 1991 pleaded guilty to charge of conspiracy.
Mickey Cohen1914–19761923–1961Major underworld figure in Los Angeles during the 1930s and 1940s. Later helped Bugsy Siegel set up The Flamingo in Las Vegas and ran its sports book operation.[5][6][4][9][10][11][12][14]
Louis Cohen1904–19391910s–1930sNew York mobster who killed Nathan Kaplan on behalf of rival labor racketeers Jacob Orgen and Louis Buchalter in 1923.[3]
Moe DalitzNo image
available		1899–19891920s–1960sLeader of the Mayfield Road Gang during Prohibition. He was later involved in the development of syndicate gaming in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 1950s.[5][6][4][7][8][9][10][11]
Stanley DiamondNo image
available		1922–19911960s–1970sAssociate member of the Lucchese crime family associated with Henry Hill and Jimmy Burke during the 1970s.[14]
Monk Eastman1873–19201898–1920Founder of the Eastman Gang, one of the last of New York's major street gangs, and dominated the city's underworld around the start of the 20th century.[5][2][9][10]
Maxie EisenNo image
available		1910s–1920sChicago labor racketeer allied with Dion O'Banion and the North Side Gang, and later with the Joe Saltis–Frank McErlane Gang during the 1920s.[4][7][8][12]
Monya ElsonNo image
available		b. 19511970s–1990sRussian-born mobster who feuded with Boris Nayfeld over control of Brighton Beach, Brooklyn during the 1990s. One of Ukrainian mobster Semion Mogilevich's closest associates, he at one time controlled a criminal empire stretching from Russia to New York and Los Angeles.[15][16]
Mendel EpsteinNo image
available		b. 1940s1980s
–2013		New York gangster who until his arrest in 2013 led a divorce-gang that kidnapped, tortured and extorted Jewish men into religiously divorcing their wives.[17]
Nat Evans
(Nathaniel Isaac Evensky)		No image
available		1876–19351900s–1940sGambler and associate of Arnold Rothstein; implicated in the 1919 "Black Sox Scandal" as "Rachie Brown".[18]
John FactorNo image
available		1892–19841920s–1960sBritish-born Chicago gangster and con artist associated with the Chicago Outfit whose staged 1933 kidnapping resulted in the wrongful conviction of Roger Touhy. He later became a prominent businessman and casino owner in Las Vegas 1950s and 1960s.[6][7]
Ludwig "Tarzan" FainbergNo image
available		b. 19581980–1999Ukrainian-born New York mobster associated with the Russian Mafia in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn and South Florida during the 1990s. He was convicted on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act charges for his involvement in arranging the sale of a Russian submarine to a group of Colombian drug dealers in 1999.
Benjamin "Dopey Benny" Fein1889–1977?1900–1941New York mobster who dominated labor racketeering with Joseph Rosenzweig in the Lower East Side during the 1910s.[5][3][8][10]
Irving FeinsteinNo image
available		1910–19391930sNew York mobster involved in illegal gambling and labor racketeering with Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1930s.
Abraham FriedmanNo image
available		1897–19391920s–1930sNew York mobster and enforcer for labor racketeer Nathan Kaplan, and later Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 1930s.[3]
Isadore FriedmanNo image
available		d. 19391920s–1930sNew York mobster associated with labor racketeer Louis Buchalter during the 1920s and 1930s.
Martin GoldsteinNo image
available		1905–19411920s–1930sHitman and member of Murder, Inc. Involved in the 1939 murder of Irving Feinstein and later executed with other members of Murder, Inc. in 1941.[2][3]
Waxey Gordon1889–19521900s–1950sNew York mobster who oversaw bootlegging operations for Arnold Rothstein during Prohibition. He was eventually imprisoned for tax evasion in 1933 and, again in 1951, for selling heroin.[5][6][3][4][7][9][10]
Gus GreenbaumNo image
available		1894–19581910s–1950sMember of the Chicago Outfit and ran syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 1950s.[5][6][4]
Harry GreenbergNo image
available		d. 19391920s–1930sAn associate and childhood friend of Bugsy Siegel, he later worked for Charlie "Lucky" Luciano and Meyer Lansky.
Max "Big Maxie" GreenbergNo image
available		1883–1933Detroit mobster and a member of Egan's Rats.[5][3][10][14]
Jake "Greasy Thumb" GuzikNo image
available		1886–19561910s–1950sFinancial and legal advisor to the Chicago Outfit.[5][6][4][7][8][9][10]
Hyman HoltzNo image
available		1896–19391920s–1930sNew York labor racketeer associated with Jacob Orgen and a later protege of Louis Buchalter.[2]
Harry Horowitz aka Gyp the Blood1889–19141900s–1910sLeader of the Lenox Avenue Gang.[5][3]
"Kid Dropper" Nathan KaplanNo image
available		1895–19231910s–1920sA former member of the Five Points Gang, he and Johnny Spanish fought over control of labor racketeering during the Labor Slugger Wars.[5][4][10]
Phillip KastelNo image
available		1893–19621900s–1950sNew York gambler associated with Arnold Rothstein and Frank Costello. He later ran gambling operations for the Genovese crime family in New Orleans.[6]
Andrei KatzNo image
available		1952–19751960s–1970sRomanian-born mobster associated with the Gambino crime family. Killed by the DeMeo crew in 1975 after agreeing to become a government informant.
Jacob KatzenbergNo image
available		1888-?1920s–1930sNew York organized crime figure who supplied narcotics to mobsters throughout the United States during the 1920s and 1930s.
Irving KayeNo image
available		?-19771950s–1970sNew York crew member of Longy Zwillman[19] and coin-op business partner of Gerardo Catena.[20]
Harry KeywellNo image
available		1910–19971920s–1930sDetroit mobster and member of The Purple Gang. A suspect in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre and later convicted of Collingwood Manor Massacre in 1931.[6][12]
Philip KovolickNo image
available		1908–19711920s–1970sNew York mobster associated with labor racketeer Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1920s and 1930s. He was a member of Murder, Inc. until his conviction on narcotics charges in 1941.
Whitey KrakowNo image
available		d. 19411920s–1930sHitman and member of Murder, Inc. He was a suspect in the 1939 gangland slaying of Harry "Big Greenie" Greenberg.
Lou KravitzNo image
available		fl. 1933–19391930sNew York labor racketeer and drug trafficker involved in a major heroin operation with Jack Lvovsky and Yasha Katzenberg during the early 1930s. Later testified against Lepke Buchalter at his trial.[5][3]
Martin KrugmanNo image
available		1919–19791970sBookmaker and associate of the Lucchese crime family during the 1970s. Disappeared and presumably killed following the Lufthansa heist in 1978.
Hyman LarnerNo image
available		1913–20021950s–1970sA close associate of Sam Giancana, he headed gambling and smuggling operations for the Chicago Outfit during the 1960s and 1970s.
Abe LandauNo image
available		1898–19351920s–1930sLieutenant of New York mobster Dutch Schultz.[5][6][3][9][10]
Meyer Lansky1902–19831910s–1970sOne of the major underworld figures of the 20th century. He was involved in the formation of the National Crime Syndicate and helped organize syndicate gambling operations in Cuba and Las Vegas.[5][6][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
Samuel "Red" Levine1903–19721920s–1930sHitman and member of Murder, Inc. Involved in the 1931 murders of Abraham "Bo" Weinberg, Joe Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano.[5][10]
John "Spanish Louie" LewisNo image
available		d. 19101900sGunman/stick up artist at the turn of the century.
Vach "Cyclone Louie" LewisNo image
available		d. 19081900sA former circus strongman and bodyguard of New York gang leader Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbach. He and Zwerbach were gunned down by Louie the Lump at Coney Island in 1908.[5]
Joseph LinseyNo image
available		1899–19941920s–1970sLieutenant of Boston mobster Charles Solomon during Prohibition. After Solomon's death in 1933, he and other associates split Solomon's territory between themselves.
William LipshitzNo image
available		1910s–1920sNewsboy turned gangster, he murdered labor racketeer Benjamin Levinsky on behalf of Nathan Kaplan in 1922.[21]
Seymour MagoonNo image
available		d. 19401920s–1930sHitman and member of Murder, Inc. Later became a state witness and corroborated Reles' testimony.[3][10]
Harry MaioneNo image
available		1908–19421920s–1930sHitman and member of Murder, Inc. Participated in the murders of the Shapiro Brothers and George Rudnick.[3]
Hyman "Pittsburgh Hymie" MartinNo image
available		1903–19871920s–1930sPittsburgh mobster associated with Moe Davis and Lou Rothkopf. Acquitted of the 1931 murder of Cleveland city councilman William E. Potter.[6]
Samuel "Nails" MortonNo image
available		1894–19231910s–1920sA former World War I war hero, Weiss was among Dion O'Bannion's top enforcers in the North Side Gang during the early 1920s.[5][4][7][9]
Max MermelsteinNo image
available		1942–20081970s–1980s A drug smuggler for the Medellín Cartel in the late 1970s and early 1980s, who later became a key informant against the organization.
Boris NayfeldNo image
available		1970s–1990sRussian-born mobster and heroin smuggler in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn during the 1970s and 1980s. He and Monya Elson later waged a gang war over Brighton Beach.
Jacob "Little Augie" Orgen1901–19271900s–1920sNew York gangster involved in bootlegging and labor racketeering during Prohibition. He took control of the garment district from Nathan Kaplan at the end of the end of the third labor sluggers war. Killed by his former associates Lepke Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro in 1927.[5][3][4][10]
Philip "Pinchy" PaulNo image
available		d. 19141900s–1910sNew York labor racketeer who headed a coalition of independent gangs against Joseph Rosenzweig and Benjamin Fein during the first labor sluggers war.
Leonard PatrickNo image
available		1913–20061920s–1990sOne-time member of the Chicago Outfit involved in bookmaking and extortion with Gus Alex. Agreed to become a government witness in 1992.
Joseph ReinfeldNo image
available		Early, major bootlegger in the northeast U.S.; established connections with the Bronfmans in Canada and brought Longy Zwillman into the bootlegging empire that Zwillman eventually took over. After Prohibition, went legitimate, establishing the largest wholesale liquor distributorship in New Jersey.
Abe "Kid Twist" Reles1906–19411921–1940One of the most feared hitmen of Murder, Inc. during the 1930s, he later became a government witness and was responsible for sending many of his former partners to the electric chair. Died under suspicious circumstances while in protective custody in 1941.[5][6][2][3][4][9][10][13]
Harry RosenNo image
available		1920s–1950sMajor bootlegger in Philadelphia during Prohibition. He was a member of the Big Seven and later involved in drug trafficking with Meyer Lansky during the 1930s.[6][7]
Chris Rosenberg1950–19791970sA member of the Gambino crime family's DeMeo crew during the 1970s. He was later killed by DeMeo to cover up the murder of Colombian drug cartel members.
Bernard RosencrantzNo image
available		1902–19351920s–1930sBodyguard and chauffeur of New York mobster Dutch Schultz.[6][3]
Frank "Lefty" Rosenthal1929–20081960s–1980sOne of the top sports handicappers in the United States during his lifetime. Secretly ran several syndicate casinos for the Chicago Outfit, most notably the Stardust, throughout the 1960s and 1970s.[6][11]
Joseph "Joe the Greaser" RosenzweigNo image
available		1891–?1910sNew York labor racketeer allied with "Dopey" Benny Fein during the first labor slugger war.[5]
Lou RothkopfNo image
available		1920s–1930sLongtime associate of Meyer Lansky, he was a member of the Bug and Meyer Mob during Prohibition. Later ran syndicate gambling operations in Cleveland with Moe Dalitz, Jack Licavoli, Maurice Kleinman and Thomas Joseph McGinty (aka T. J. McGinty).[6][4][7][8]
Arnold "The Brain" Rothstein1882–19281900s–1920sOne of the first major underworld figures in New York during the early 20th century. Widely reputed to have been behind the Black Sox scandal of 1919.[5][2][3][4][7][8][9][10][13]
Morris RudenskyNo image
available		1898–19881920sProminent cat burglar and safe-cracker.
Harry "Doc Jasper" SaganskyNo image
available		1898–19971920s–1990sRan one of the largest bookmaking operations in Boston during the 1950s. At the time of his imprisonment in 1988, at age 91, he was the oldest organized crime figure to serve a federal prison sentence.
Arthur "Dutch Schultz" Flegenheimer1902–19351910s–1930sHeaded bootlegging and policy rackets in New York during the 1920s and 1930s.[5][6][2][3][4][7][9][10][12][13]
Moe Sedway1894–19521920s–1950sLieutenant of New York mobster Meyer Lansky. Later involved in running syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 1950s.[6]
Irving, Meyer and William Shapiro1904–1931 (Irving)
1908–1931 (Meyer)
1911–1934 (William)		1920s–1930sRivals of Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro during the late 1920s and 1930s. Irving and Meyer Shapiro were killed after initiating a gang war with Buchalter and Shapiro in 1931. William Shapiro was eventually murdered by Murder, Inc. in 1934.[6][3]
Jacob "Gurrah" Shapiro1899–19471910s–1940sHe and Louis Buchalter controlled industrial labor racketeering in New York during the 1920s and 1930s. Shapiro also helped establish Murder, Inc. Died in prison in 1947.[5][6][3][4][8][9][10]
Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel1906–19471910s–1940sNew York mobster associated with Meyer Lansky, Frank Costello and Charles "Lucky" Luciano during Prohibition. Credited with the creation of syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s.[5][6][2][3][4][7][8][9][10][11][13][14]
Charles "King" SolomonNo image
available		1884–19331900s–1930sHe and Irish gangster Dan Carroll controlled bootlegging, narcotics and illegal gambling in Boston during Prohibition. Killed at the Cotton Club by rival mobsters in 1933.[5][4][7][9][22]
John "Johnny Spanish" WheilerNo image
available		1891–19191900s–1910sA former member of the Five Points Gang, he and "Kid Dropper" Nathan Kaplan battled over New York's garment district during the Second Labor Sluggers War.[5][4]
Joseph "Doc" StacherNo image
available		1902–19771920s–1960sAn associate of Abner Zwillman and Meyer Lansky. Assisted Lansky in organizing the Atlantic City Conference and later in financing syndicate casinos in Las Vegas. Deported from the U.S. in 1964 and later emigrated to Israel where he died years later.[5][6][4][10]
Harry "Pittsburgh Phil" StraussNo image
available		1909–19411927–1941Hitman and member of Murder, Inc. credited with the murder of Irving Feinstein and at least five other gangland slayings. Sent to the electric chair at Sing Sing in 1941.[5][2][3][4][10]
Albert "Tick–tock" TannenbaumNo image
available		1906–19761920s–1950sEnforcer and hitman for Lepke Buchalter during the 1920s and 1930s. A member of Murder, Inc., he was responsible for the 1939 murder of Harry Greenberg.[5][2][3][10]
Benjamin TannenbaumNo image
available		1906–19411920s–1930sMob accountant for New York labor racketeers Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 1930s. Murdered by members of Murder, Inc. in 1941 while babysitting for a friend.[3]
Abraham Telvi1934–19561950sHitman for New York labor racketeer Johnny Dio. Responsible for blinding crusading New York journalist Victor Riesel with acid in 1956.
Harry TietlebaumNo image
available		1889–?1920s–1930sAn associate of the Bug and Meyer Mob during Prohibition. Later part of a major heroin smuggling operation with Meyer Lansky and Harry "Nig" Rosen during the early 1930s.
Joseph ToblinskyNo image
available		1879–?1900s–1930sHe, along with Jacob Levinsky and Charles Vitoffsky, led a criminal organization in New York's Lower East Side known as the Yiddish Black Hand around the start of the 20th century.
Abraham Weinberg1897–1935?1920s–1930sHitman and chief lieutenant for New York mobster Dutch Schultz during Prohibition. Disappeared in 1935 and long presumed to have been killed by the mob.[3]
George WeinbergNo image
available		1901–19391920s–1930sYounger brother of Schultz' gunman Abraham Weinberg. After his brother's disappearance in 1935, he agreed to become a government witness but committed suicide while in police custody in 1939.[3]
Emanuel Weiss1906–19441920s–1930sAn enforcer for New York labor racketeer Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1920s. He was also a member of Murder, Inc. up until his arrest in 1940.[2][3]
Samuel WeissNo image
available		1904–?1920s–1930sHired gunman associated with New York labor racketeer Jacob Orgen during the third Labor Slugger War. Investigated for extortion by District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey during the late 1930s.
Jack "Big Jack" Zelig1882–19121890s–1910sStart of the 20th century gangster and one-time leader of the Eastman Gang. Killed by Phil Davidson shortly before his testimony in the Charles Becker murder trial in 1912.[5][10]
Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbachd. 19081890s–1900sNew York gangster and head of the Eastman Gang after the arrest of Monk Eastman in 1904. Engaging in a feud with the Five Points Gang, he and his bodyguard were gunned down by Louie the Lump at Coney Island in 1908.[5]
Abner "Longy" Zwillman1891–19591910s–1950sProhibition gangster. Popularly known as the "Al Capone of New Jersey", he was a founding member of the "Big Seven" Ruling Commission. He was also associated with Murder, Inc.[5][6][3][4][7][8][9][10][11][14]
Alex Louis Greenbergd. 19551930s-1950sWealthy brewer, hotel owner, and financial adviser for the Capone crime syndicate.[23]

See also

  • List of mobsters by city

References

1. ^A Report on Chicago Crime {Chicago Crime Commission}" p. 66
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Abramovitch, Ilana. Jews of Brooklyn. Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 2001. {{ISBN|978-1-58465-003-4}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Block, Alan A. East Side, West Side: Organizing Crime in New York, 1930–1950. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1983. {{ISBN|978-0-87855-931-2}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 2005. {{ISBN|978-0-8160-5694-1}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Fried, Albert. The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980. {{ISBN|978-0-231-09683-6}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Newton, Michael. Mr. Mob: The Life and Crimes of Moe Dalitz. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-7864-3516-6}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Johnson, Curt and R. Craig Sautter. The Wicked City: Chicago from Kenna to Capone. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. (pp. 203–204) {{ISBN|978-0-306-80821-0}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Woodiwiss, Michael. Organized Crime and American Power: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-8020-8278-7}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Reppetto, Thomas A. American Mafia: A History of Its Rise to Power. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-8050-7798-8}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Cohen, Rich. Tough Jews: Fathers, Sons, and Gangster Dreams. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. {{ISBN|978-0-684-83115-2}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Farrell, Ronald A. and Carole Case. The Black Book and the Mob: The Untold Story of the Control of Nevada's Casinos. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. {{ISBN|978-0-299-14754-9}}
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 Rockaway, Robert A. But He Was Good to His Mother: The Lives and Crimes of Jewish Gangsters. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 1993. {{ISBN|978-965-229-092-2}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 Rubin, Rachel. Jewish Gangsters of Modern Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-252-02539-6}}
14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Willis, Clint. Wise Guys: Stories of Mobsters from Jersey to Vegas. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2003. {{ISBN|978-1-56025-498-0}}
15. ^{{cite news |title=The Most Dangerous Mobster in the World |author=Friedman, Robert I. |newspaper=The Village Voice |date=May 26, 1998 |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/1998-05-26/news/the-most-dangerous-mobster-in-the-world/ |accessdate=October 31, 2010}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=Russian In Mob Rap |author=Claffey, Mike |newspaper=New York Daily News |date=August 24, 1996 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/1996/08/24/1996-08-24_russian_in_mob_rap.html |accessdate=October 31, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408174301/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/1996/08/24/1996-08-24_russian_in_mob_rap.html |archivedate=April 8, 2010 |df= }}
17. ^{{cite news |title=In Orthodox Jewish Divorce, Men Hold All the Cards |author=Jones, Abigail |newspaper=Newsweek |date=April 8, 2015 |url=http://www.newsweek.com/2015/04/17/fighting-be-free-lengths-orthodox-jewish-women-will-go-get-320536.html |accessdate=September 20, 2018}}
18. ^{{cite web|last1=Allardice|first1=Bruce|title=Nat Evans|url=http://sabr.org/node/30908|website=Society for American Baseball Research (SABR)|accessdate=May 17, 2015}}
19. ^http://vault.fbi.gov/Abner%20Zwillman/Abner%20Zwillman%20Part%202%20of%207
20. ^http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/njar/v10/p0356.pdf
21. ^Carey, Arthur A. Memoirs of a Murder Man. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1930.
22. ^Fox, Stephen. Blood and Power: Organized Crime in Twentieth Century America. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.
23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1955/12/09/page/1/article/gang-trail-leads-to-grave|title=Gang Trail Leads to Grave (December 9, 1955)|access-date=2017-06-30}}

Further reading

  • Block, Alan A. Lepke, Kid Twist, and the Combination: Organized Crime in New York City, 1930–1944. 1976.
  • Sadowsky, Sandy. Wedded to Crime: My Life in the Jewish Mafia. 1992.

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060107053616/http://www.newvoices.org/cgi-bin/articlepage.cgi?id=190 New Voices: Left Off the Ark—A Bestiary of Gangs]
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Jewish American Mobsters}}

4 : Jewish-American mobsters|Lists of American Jews|Organized crime-related lists|United States crime-related lists
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