| 词条 | List of Latter Day Saint practitioners of plural marriage |
| 释义 |
According to a consensus of historians, many adherents in the early Latter Day Saint movement practiced plural marriage, a doctrine that states that polygyny is ordained of God. Although the largest denomination in the movement, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, officially abandoned the practice of plural marriage in 1890, a number of churches in the Mormon fundamentalist movement continue to teach and practice it. Historically, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now the Community of Christ), the second largest denomination in the movement, had an anti-polygamy position and denied officially that Smith had taught or practiced it, since Smith denied his involvement during his church leadership.[1][2][3][4] Pre-succession crisisThe following notable Latter Day Saints are alleged to have practiced plural marriage prior to the 1844 succession crisis that followed the death of Joseph Smith, Jr.. {{Latter Day Saint biography lists/top}}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists| name = Joseph Smith | PD_image = Joseph Smith, Jr. portrait owned by Joseph Smith III.jpg | alt = Portrait of Joseph Smith Jr. | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1805|12|23}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1844|06|27|1805|12|23}} | position_or_quorum1 = {{nowrap|1st President of the Church of Christ (later the}} {{nowrap|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints)[5]}} | called_by1 = | start_date1 = {{start date|1830|04|06|mf=yes}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1844|06|27|mf=yes}} | list_notes = Founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Also Mayor of Nauvoo, Illinois (1842–1844). | poly_date = April 5, 1841[6] | poly_wives = 33[7] | poly_notes = Commonly believed to have married at least 30 wives before his death[8] and to have taught the doctrine to his close associates, although he publicly denied teaching or practicing polygamy.[9][10] {{small|Further information: Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy, List of Joseph Smith's wives, and Emma Hale Smith}} }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Hyrum Smith | PD_image = Hyrum Smith ca 1880-1920.png | birth_date = {{birth date|1800|02|09}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1844|06|27|1800|02|09}} | position_or_quorum1 = Assistant President of the Church | called_by1 = Joseph Smith | start_date1 = {{start date|1841|01|24}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1844|06|27}} | position_or_quorum2 = Latter Day Saint Apostle | called_by2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1841|01|24}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1844|06|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = 2nd Presiding Patriarch | called_by3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1840|09|14}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1844|06|27}} | position_or_quorum4 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by4 = Joseph Smith | start_date4 = {{start date|1837|11|07}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1841|01|24}} | position_or_quorum5 = Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by5 = Joseph Smith | start_date5 = {{start date|1837|09|03}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1837|11|07}} | list_notes = Brother of Joseph Smith. | poly_date = August 11, 1843[11] | poly_wives = 2[12] | poly_notes = Publicly denied practicing polygamy }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Brigham Young | PD_image = Brigham Young by Charles William Carter.jpg | caption = Brigham Young c. 1870 | birth_date = {{birth date|mf = yes|1801|06|01}} | death_date = {{death date and age|mf = yes|1877|08|29|1801|06|01}} | position_or_quorum1 = 2nd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | start_date1 = {{start date|mf = yes|1847|12|27}} | end_date1 = {{end date|mf = yes|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum2 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1840|04|14}} | end_date2 = {{end date|mf = yes|1847|12|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by3 = Three Witnesses | start_date3 = {{start date|mf = yes|1835|02|14}} | end_date3 = {{end date|mf = yes|1847|12|27}} | position_or_quorum4 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by4 = Three Witnesses | start_date4 = {{start date|mf = yes|1835|02|14}} | end_date4 = {{end date|mf = yes|1877|08|29}} | list_notes = Succeeded Smith as leader of the LDS Church. Was also Governor of Utah Territory from February 3, 1851 to April 12, 1858. | poly_date = April 5, 1841[13] | poly_wives = 55 | poly_notes = Is probably the most famous Latter Day Saint polygamist with 55 wives. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | PD_image = Heber Chase Kimball-2.png | name = Heber C. Kimball | birth_date = {{Birth date|1801|06|14}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1868|06|22|1801|06|14}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1847|12|27}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1868|06|22}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president2 = Three Witnesses | start_date2 = {{start date|1835|02|14}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1847|12|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | president3 = Three Witnesses | start_date3 = {{start date|1835|02|14}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1868|06|22}} | poly_date = 1842[14] | poly_wives = 45 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Willard Richards | PD_image = Willardrichards.gif | birth_date = {{birth date|1804|06|24}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1854|03|11|1804|06|24}} | position_or_quorum1 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1847|12|27}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1854|03|11}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1840|04|14}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1847|12|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1840|04|14}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1854|03|11}} | list_notes = Richards was incarcerated in Carthage Jail with Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith and John Taylor on June 27, 1844, when the jail was attacked by a mob and the Smith brothers were murdered. | poly_date = January 18, 1843[15] | poly_wives = 14 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = William Smith | page_name = William Smith (Latter Day Saints) | PD_image = Williamsmith.gif | birth_date = {{Birth date|1811|03|13}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1893|11|13|1811|03|13}} | position_or_quorum1 = Petitioner for Patriarchate (RLDS Church) | president1 = Joseph Smith III | start_date1 = {{start date|1872|04|06}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1893|11|13}} | position_or_quorum2 = 3rd Presiding Patriarch (LDS Church) | start_date2 = {{start date|1845|05|24}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1845|10|06}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date3 = {{start date|1839|05|25}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1845|10|06}} | position_or_quorum4 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president4 = Three Witnesses | start_date4 = {{start date|1835|02|15}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1839|05|04}} | position_or_quorum5 = Latter Day Saint Apostle | president5 = Joseph Smith | start_date5 = {{start date|1835|02|15}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1845|10|06}} | list_notes = Brother of Joseph Smith. Was removed from the Quorum due to apostasy May 4, 1839, but readmitted May 25, 1839. Was then excommunicated for apostasy on October 6, 1845. Followed James J. Strang for a time, then started his own LDS Church in Covington, Kentucky. In later years he joined the RLDS Church (now Community of Christ) and was a petitioner for RLDS Patriarchate from April 1872 to 13 November 1893. | poly_date = August 1843[16] | poly_wives = 22 | poly_notes = Introduced polygamy to the Strangite Mormons. His Church in Covington, Kentucky, which also disintegrated after he introduced spiritual wifery into it. He always denied he and his brother Joseph had ever practiced or taught spiritual wifery or any other form of polygamy }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | PD_image = Thomas Bullock (Mormon).JPG | name = Thomas Bullock | page_name = Thomas Bullock (Mormon) | birth_date = {{Birth date|1816|12|23}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1885|02|10|1816|12|23}} | position_or_quorum1 = Reporter and Member of the Council of Fifty[17] | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1846|12|25}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1882|06|24}} | position_or_quorum2 = Clerk in the Church Historian's Office| | president2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = c. 1843 | end_date2 = | list_notes = Bullock also was a member of the Council of Fifty and a clerk in the Church Historian's Office.[18][19] | poly_date = January 23, 1843<[20] | poly_wives = 3 | poly_notes = }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Orson Pratt | PD_image = OrsonPratt.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1811|09|19}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1881|10|03|1811|09|19}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1843|01|20}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1881|10|03}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president2 = Three Witnesses | start_date2 = {{start date|1835|04|26}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1842|08|20}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | president3 = Three Witnesses | start_date3 = {{start date|1835|04|26}} | list_notes = Younger brother of Parley P. Pratt. Was excommunicated for apostasy Aug 20, 1842, but readmitted Jan 20, 1843. As a result, was given reduced seniority in Jun 1875. Last surviving member of the original Quorum. Under the direction of Brigham Young, he published The Seer. | poly_date = March 10, 1843[21] | poly_wives = 10 | poly_notes = The Seer was a periodical published to defend the LDS Church's practice of polygamy. Despite William Clayton claiming in his journal, first published in 1921, that she had been told of the revelation on polygamy on July 12, 1843,[22] Emma Smith, Joseph Smith's widow, claimed that the very first time she ever became aware of polygamy being attributed to her late husband was 10 years later when she read about it in Pratt's The Seer in 1853.[23] }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = William Clayton | page_name = William Clayton (Mormon) | PD_image = William Clayton.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1814|07|17}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1879|12|04|1814|07|17}} | position_or_quorum1 = Member and Clerk of the Council of Fifty[17] | called_by1 = Joseph Smith | start_date1 = {{start date|1844|03|11|mf=yes}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1879|12|04|mf=yes}} | list_notes = Credited with inventing a version of the modern odometer. | poly_date = April 27, 1843 | poly_wives = 10 | poly_notes = Smith dictated the 1843 revelation on polygamy to Clayton. (See Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy) }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | PD_image = Orson Hyde.jpg | name = Orson Hyde | birth_date = {{Birth date|1805|01|08}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1878|11|28|1805|01|08}} | position_or_quorum1 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1847|12|27}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1875|04|10}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1839|06|27}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1878|11|28}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by3 = Three Witnesses | start_date3 = {{start date|1835|02|15}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1839|05|04}} | position_or_quorum4 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by4 = Three Witnesses | start_date4 = {{start date|1835|02|15}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1878|11|28}} | list_notes = Was removed from the Quorum due to apostasy May 4, 1839, but readmitted June 27, 1839. As a result, was given reduced seniority on April 10, 1875. | poly_date = April 1843[24] | poly_wives = 9 | poly_notes = His wife Marinda married Joseph Smith in a polyandrous marriage while Hyde was on a mission to Jerusalem. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Parley P. Pratt | PD_image = Parley P Pratt.gif | caption = Pratt, ca. 1845 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1807|04|12}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1857|05|13|1807|04|12}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Three Witnesses | start_date1 = {{start date|1835|02|21}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1857|05|13}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Three Witnesses | start_date2 = {{start date|1835|02|21}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1857|05|13}} | list_notes = In 1857, on a farm northeast of Van Buren, Arkansas, Pratt was murdered by Hector McLean, the legal husband of one of Pratt's plural wives.[25] Pratt is buried near Alma, Arkansas. | poly_date = June 24, 1843[6] | poly_wives = 11 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Amasa Lyman | PD_image = Amasamlyman.gif | birth_date = {{Birth date|1813|03|30}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1877|02|04|1813|03|30}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1845|10|06}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1867|10|06}} | position_or_quorum2 = Counselor in the First Presidency | president2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1843|02|04}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1844|06|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1842|08|20}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1843|01|20}} | position_or_quorum4 = Latter Day Saint Apostle | president4 = Joseph Smith | start_date4 = {{start date|1842|08|20}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1867|10|06}} | list_notes = Was temporarily removed from the Quorum of the Twelve due to the re-entry of Orson Pratt on January 20, 1843; Lyman was later readmitted on August 12, 1844. Lyman was excommunicated for apostasy on May 6, 1867. | poly_date = July 1843[26] | poly_wives = 9 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John Taylor | page_name = John Taylor (Mormon) | PD_image = John Taylor seated in chair.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1808|11|01}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1887|07|25|1808|11|01}} | position_or_quorum1 = 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | start_date1 = {{start date|1880|10|10}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1887|07|25}} | position_or_quorum2 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1875|04|10}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1880|10|10}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1838|12|19}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1880|10|10}} | position_or_quorum4 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by4 = Joseph Smith | start_date4 = {{start date|1838|12|19}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1887|07|25}} | list_notes = Was promoted to Quorum President when Orson Hyde was given reduced seniority. | poly_date = December 12, 1843[27] | poly_wives = 9[28] | poly_notes = Had 34 children.[29] }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Edwin D. Woolley, Sr. | page_name = Edwin D. Woolley | PD_image = Edwin Dilworth Woolley, Sr.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1807|06|28}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1881|10|12|1807|06|28}} | position_or_quorum1 = | list_notes = Woolley was a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature in 1851. | poly_date = 1843[30] | poly_wives = 6 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Erastus Snow | PD_image = Erastussnow.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1818|11|09}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1888|05|27|1818|11|09}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1849|02|12}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1888|05|27}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1849|02|12}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1888|05|27}} | list_notes = Was also a member of the Council of Fifty | poly_date = April 2, 1844[31] | poly_wives = 16 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John D. Lee | PD_image = John D. Lee.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1812|9|12}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1877|3|23|1812|9|12}} | list_notes = Was executed for his role in the Mountain Meadows massacre. | position_or_quorum1 = Member of the Council of Fifty[17] | president1 = Brigham Young 14 March and 11 April 1844. | start_date1 = 1844 | end_date1 = {{end date|1877|3|23}} | poly_wives = 19 | poly_date = April 19, 1844[32] }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Ezra T. Benson | PD_image = Ezra Taft Benson (1811).jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1811|02|22}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1869|09|03|1811|02|22}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1846|07|16}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1869|09|03}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1846|07|16}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1869|09|03}} | list_notes = Great-grandfather of the thirteenth president of LDS church, Ezra Taft Benson | poly_date = April 27, 1844[33] | poly_wives = 8 }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/bottom}} The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsThe following members of the LDS Church practiced plural marriage: Presidents of the Church{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/top}}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists| name = Heber J. Grant | PD_image = Heber J Grant.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1856|11|22}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1945|05|14|1856|11|22}} | position_or_quorum1 = 7th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | start_date1 = {{start date|1918|11|23}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1945|05|14}} | position_or_quorum2 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1916|11|18}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1918|11|23}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by3 = John Taylor | start_date3 = {{start date|1882|10|16}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1918|11|23}} | position_or_quorum4 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by4 = John Taylor | start_date4 = {{start date|1882|10|16}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1945|05|14}} | list_notes = Grant succeeded Joseph F. Smith as president of the LDS Church in November 1918. However, he was not sustained in the position by the general church membership until June 1919, as the influenza pandemic of 1918 forced a delay of the church's traditional springtime general conference. | poly_date = May 26, 1884 | poly_wives = 3 | poly_notes = In 1899, Grant pleaded guilty to unlawful cohabitation and was fined $100.[34] During his tenure as president, Grant enforced the 1890 Manifesto outlawing plural marriage. In 1935, Grant excommunicated members of the church in Short Creek, Arizona that refused to sign the loyalty pledge to the church that included a renunciation of plural marriage. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Joseph F. Smith | PD_image = JFS First Presidency 1905 large.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1838|11|13}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1918|11|19|1838|11|13}} | position_or_quorum1 = 6th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | start_date1 = {{start date|1901|10|17}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1918|11|19}} | position_or_quorum2 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1901|10|10}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1901|10|17}} | position_or_quorum3 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by3 = Lorenzo Snow | start_date3 = {{start date|1901|10|06}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1901|10|10}} | position_or_quorum4 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by4 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date4 = {{start date|1889|04|07}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1901|10|06}} | position_or_quorum5 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date5 = {{start date|1887|07|25}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1889|04|07}} | position_or_quorum6 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by6 = John Taylor | start_date6 = {{start date|1880|10|10}} | end_date6 = {{end date|1887|07|25}} | position_or_quorum7 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date7 = {{start date|1877|08|29}} | end_date7 = {{end date|1880|10|10}} | position_or_quorum8 = Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by8 = Brigham Young | start_date8 = {{start date|1866|07|01}} | end_date8 = {{end date|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum9 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by9 = Brigham Young | start_date9 = {{start date|1866|07|01}} | end_date9 = {{end date|1918|11|19|1838}} | list_notes = Son of Hyrum Smith, and nephew of Joseph Smith | poly_date = May 6, 1866 | poly_wives = 6 | poly_notes = Issued the Second Manifesto in 1904. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Lorenzo Snow | PD_image = Lorenzosnow.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1814|04|03}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1901|10|10|1814|04|03}} | position_or_quorum1 = 5th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | start_date1 = {{start date|1898|09|13}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1901|10|10}} | position_or_quorum2 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1889|04|07}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1898|09|13}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date3 = {{start date|1877|08|29}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1898|09|13}} | position_or_quorum4 = Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by4 = Brigham Young | start_date4 = {{start date|1874|05|09}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum5 = Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by5 = Brigham Young | start_date5 = {{start date|1873|06|08}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1874|05|09}} | position_or_quorum6 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by6 = Brigham Young | start_date6 = {{start date|1849|02|12}} | end_date6 = {{end date|1873|06|08}} | position_or_quorum7 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by7 = Brigham Young | start_date7 = {{start date|1849|02|12}} | end_date7 = {{end date|1901|10|10}} | list_notes = Brother-in-law of both Joseph Smith and Brigham Young through Eliza R. Snow. | poly_date = 1845 | poly_wives = 11 | poly_notes = Convicted of unlawful cohabitation in 1885 and was imprisoned in 1885 and 1886. Was one of the few Latter-day Saint leaders who ceased cohabiting with his already existing plural wives after the 1890 Manifesto }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John Taylor | page_name = John Taylor (Mormon) | PD_image = John Taylor seated in chair.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1808|11|01}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1887|07|25|1808|11|01}} | position_or_quorum1 = 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | start_date1 = {{start date|1880|10|10}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1887|07|25}} | position_or_quorum2 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1875|04|10}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1880|10|10}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1838|12|19}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1880|10|10}} | position_or_quorum4 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by4 = Joseph Smith | start_date4 = {{start date|1838|12|19}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1887|07|25}} | list_notes = Was promoted to Quorum President when Orson Hyde was given reduced seniority. | poly_date = December 12, 1843[35] | poly_wives = 9[36] | poly_notes = Had 34 children.[37] }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Wilford Woodruff | PD_image = Wilford Woodruff 1889.jpg | caption = Wilford Woodruff in 1889. | birth_date = {{birth date|1807|03|01}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1898|09|02|1807|03|01}} | position_or_quorum1 = 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | start_date1 = {{start date|1889|04|07}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1898|09|02}} | position_or_quorum2 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1880|10|10}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1889|04|07}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1839|04|26}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1889|04|07}} | position_or_quorum4 = Apostle | called_by4 = Joseph Smith | start_date4 = {{start date|1839|04|26}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1898|09|02}} | list_notes = Became Quorum President because Orson Pratt was given reduced seniority. | poly_date = December 12, 1843[38] | poly_wives = 9 | poly_notes = Had 34 children. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Brigham Young | PD_image = Brigham Young by Charles William Carter.jpg | caption = Brigham Young c. 1870 | birth_date = {{birth date|mf = yes|1801|06|01}} | death_date = {{death date and age|mf = yes|1877|08|29|1801|06|01}} | position_or_quorum1 = 2nd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | start_date1 = {{start date|mf = yes|1847|12|27}} | end_date1 = {{end date|mf = yes|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum2 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1840|04|14}} | end_date2 = {{end date|mf = yes|1847|12|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by3 = Three Witnesses | start_date3 = {{start date|mf = yes|1835|02|14}} | end_date3 = {{end date|mf = yes|1847|12|27}} | position_or_quorum4 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by4 = Three Witnesses | start_date4 = {{start date|mf = yes|1835|02|14}} | end_date4 = {{end date|mf = yes|1877|08|29}} | list_notes = Succeeded Smith as leader of the LDS Church. Was also Governor of Utah Territory from February 3, 1851 to April 12, 1858. | poly_date = April 5, 1841[39] | poly_wives = 55 | poly_notes = Is probably the most famous Latter Day Saint polygamist with 55 wives. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/bottom}} Members of the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/top}}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists| name = Ezra T. Benson | PD_image = Ezra Taft Benson (1811).jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1811|02|22}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1869|09|03|1811|02|22}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1846|07|16}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1869|09|03}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1846|07|16}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1869|09|03}} | list_notes = Great-grandfather of the thirteenth president of LDS church, Ezra Taft Benson | poly_date = April 27, 1844[40] | poly_wives = 8 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Abraham H. Cannon | PD_image = Abraham H. Cannon.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1859|03|12}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1896|07|19|1859|03|12}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date1 = {{start date|1889|10|07}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1896|07|19}} | position_or_quorum3 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy | president3 = John Taylor | start_date3 = {{start date|1882|10|08}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1889|10|07}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date2 = {{start date|1889|10|07}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1896|07|19}} | list_notes = Was a member of the Council of Fifty. Son of apostle George Q. Cannon. | poly_date = Oct 15, 1879 | poly_wives = 3 | poly_notes = Convicted of unlawful cohabitation in 1886 and imprisoned for six months. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = George Q. Cannon | PD_image = George Q. Cannon - Brady-Handy.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1827|01|11}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1901|04|12|1827|01|11}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | president1 = Lorenzo Snow | start_date1 = {{start date|1898|09|13}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1901|04|12}} | position_or_quorum2 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | president2 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date2 = {{start date|1889|04|07}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1898|09|02}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date3 = {{start date|1887|07|25}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1889|04|07}} | position_or_quorum4 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | president4 = John Taylor | start_date4 = {{start date|1880|10|10}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1887|07|25}} | position_or_quorum5 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date5 = {{start date|1877|08|29}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1880|10|10}} | position_or_quorum6 = Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency | president6 = Brigham Young | start_date6 = {{start date|1874|05|09}} | end_date6 = {{end date|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum7 = Counselor in the First Presidency | president7 = Brigham Young | start_date7 = {{start date|1873|06|08}} | end_date7 = {{end date|1874|05|09}} | position_or_quorum8 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president8 = Brigham Young | start_date8 = {{start date|1860|08|26}} | end_date8 = {{end date|1873|06|08}} | position_or_quorum9 = LDS Church Apostle | president9 = Brigham Young | start_date9 = {{start date|1860|08|26}} | end_date9 = {{end date|1901|04|12}} | list_notes = Convicted of unlawful cohabitation in 1886 and imprisoned for six months. | poly_date = October 15, 1879 | poly_wives = 3[6] }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Albert Carrington | PD_image = Albert Carrington2.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1813|01|08}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1889|09|19|1813|01|08}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1877|08|29}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1885|11|07}} | position_or_quorum2 = Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency | president2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1874|05|09}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum3 = Counselor in the First Presidency | president3 = Brigham Young | start_date3 = {{start date|1873|06|08}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1874|05|09}} | position_or_quorum4 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president4 = Brigham Young | start_date4 = {{start date|1870|07|03}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1873|06|08}} | position_or_quorum5 = LDS Church Apostle | president5 = Brigham Young | start_date5 = {{start date|1870|07|03}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1885|11|07}} | list_notes = Also served as an official Church Historian (1871–1874), as a member of the Council of Fifty and in the Utah Territorial Legislature (1869). Was excommunicated for adultery November 7, 1885, and later rebaptized on November 1, 1887; however, he was not reinstated as an apostle or as a general authority. | poly_date = c. 1842 | poly_wives = 2 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Rudger Clawson | PD_image = Rudgerclawson.gif | birth_date = {{birth date|1857|03|12}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1943|06|21|1857|03|12}} | position_or_quorum1 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1921|03|17}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1943|06|21}} | position_or_quorum2 = Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1918|11|23}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1921|03|17}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date3 = {{start date|1901|10|10}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1943|06|21}} | position_or_quorum4 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by4 = Lorenzo Snow | start_date4 = {{start date|1901|10|06}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1901|10|10}} | position_or_quorum5 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by5 = Lorenzo Snow | start_date5 = {{start date|1898|10|10}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1901|10|06}} | position_or_quorum6 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by6 = Lorenzo Snow | start_date6 = {{start date|1898|10|10}} | end_date6 = {{end date|1943|06|21}} | list_notes = Clawson served in the Quorum of the Twelve for 45 years. The town of Clawson, Utah is named after him. | poly_date = March 29, 1883 | poly_wives = 3 | poly_notes = Clawson was the first person convicted of unlawful cohabitation under the Edmunds Act.[41] He was sentenced to 3½ years imprisonment and fined $1,500.[41] }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Matthias F. Cowley | PD_image = Matthias F. Cowley.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1858|08|25}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1940|06|16|1858|08|25}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date1 = {{start date|1897|10|07}}[42] | end_date1 = {{end date|1905|10|28}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date2 = {{start date|1897|10|07}}[42] | end_date2 = {{end date|1911|05|11}}[43] | list_notes = The town of Cowley, Wyoming is named after him. Cowley resigned from the Quorum October 28, 1905. He remained an ordained apostle of the church until his priesthood was suspended in on May 11, 1911, and later restored on April 3, 1936. | poly_date = September 22, 1889 | poly_wives = 3 | poly_notes = Reports of Cowley's continuing involvement in new plural marriages led to his priesthood being suspended, and he continued to be linked with plural marriage over the next several years. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Jedediah M. Grant | PD_image = Jedediahmgrant.gif | birth_date = {{birth date|1816|02|21}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1856|12|01|1816|02|21}} | position_or_quorum1 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1854|04|07}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1856|12|01}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1854|04|07}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1856|12|01}} | position_or_quorum3 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy | president3 = Brigham Young | start_date3 = {{start date|1845|12|02}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1854|04|07}} | list_notes = He was known for his fiery speeches during the Reformation of 1856, earning the nickname, "Brigham's Sledgehammer". He was a member of the Council of Fifty and Mayor of Salt Lake City (1851–56). He is the father of Heber J. Grant, who later served as President of the Church. | poly_date = February 11, 1849 | poly_wives = 7 | poly_notes = }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | PD_image = Orson Hyde.jpg | name = Orson Hyde | birth_date = {{Birth date|1805|01|08}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1878|11|28|1805|01|08}} | position_or_quorum1 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1847|12|27}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1875|04|10}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date2 = {{start date|1839|06|27}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1878|11|28}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by3 = Three Witnesses | start_date3 = {{start date|1835|02|15}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1839|05|04}} | position_or_quorum4 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by4 = Three Witnesses | start_date4 = {{start date|1835|02|15}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1878|11|28}} | list_notes = Was removed from the Quorum due to apostasy May 4, 1839, but readmitted June 27, 1839. As a result, was given reduced seniority on April 10, 1875. | poly_date = April 1843[44] | poly_wives = 9 | poly_notes = His wife Marinda married Joseph Smith in a polyandrous marriage while Hyde was on a mission to Jerusalem. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | PD_image = Heber Chase Kimball-2.png | name = Heber C. Kimball | birth_date = {{Birth date|1801|06|14}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1868|06|22|1801|06|14}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1847|12|27}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1868|06|22}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president2 = Three Witnesses | start_date2 = {{start date|1835|02|14}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1847|12|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | president3 = Three Witnesses | start_date3 = {{start date|1835|02|14}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1868|06|22}} | poly_date = 1842[45] | poly_wives = 45 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Amasa Lyman | PD_image = Amasamlyman.gif | birth_date = {{Birth date|1813|03|30}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1877|02|04|1813|03|30}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1845|10|06}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1867|10|06}} | position_or_quorum2 = Counselor in the First Presidency | president2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1843|02|04}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1844|06|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1842|08|20}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1843|01|20}} | position_or_quorum4 = Latter Day Saint Apostle | president4 = Joseph Smith | start_date4 = {{start date|1842|08|20}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1867|10|06}} | list_notes = Was temporarily removed from the Quorum of the Twelve due to the re-entry of Orson Pratt on January 20, 1843; Lyman was later readmitted on August 12, 1844. Lyman was excommunicated for apostasy on May 6, 1867. | poly_date = July 1843[46] | poly_wives = 9 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Francis M. Lyman | PD_image = Francis M. Lyman.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1840|01|12}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1916|11|18|1840|01|12}} | position_or_quorum1 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1903|10|06}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1916|11|18}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by2 = John Taylor | start_date2 = {{start date|1880|10|27}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1916|11|18}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by3 = John Taylor | start_date3 = {{start date|1880|10|27}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1916|11|18}} | list_notes = Member of the Council of Fifty. Son of Amasa M. Lyman. | poly_date = October 4, 1869 | poly_wives = 2 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Richard R. Lyman | PD_image = Richard R. Lyman 1939.JPG | birth_date = {{Birth date|1870|11|23}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1963|12|31|1870|11|23}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Joseph F. Smith | start_date1 = {{start date|1918|04|07}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1943|11|12}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Joseph F. Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1918|04|07}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1943|11|12}} | list_notes = Son of Francis M. Lyman and grandson of Amasa M. Lyman. In 1925, Lyman had begun what he called a polygamous relationship without the knowledge of his first wife. Lyman was excommunicated on November 12, 1943. The Quorum of the Twelve provided the newspapers with a one-sentence announcement, stating that the ground for excommunication was violation of the law of chastity. | poly_date = c. 1925 | poly_wives = 2 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Marriner W. Merrill | PD_image = Marriner Wood Merrill.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1832|09|25}} | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1906|02|06|1832|09|25}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date1 = {{start date|df=yes|1889|10|07}} | end_date1 = {{end date|df=yes|1906|02|06}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date2 = {{start date|df=yes|1889|10|07}} | end_date2 = {{end date|df=yes|1906|02|06}} | list_notes = Merrill was also the Postmaster of Richmond in 1866, a County Selectman from 1872 to 1879 and a member of the territorial legislature for two terms.[47] | poly_date = 5 June 1856 | poly_wives = 8 | poly_notes = Merrill married his eighth wife after the 1890 Manifesto announced the discontinuation of polygamy. He is alleged also to have advocated and performed post-Manifesto plural marriages.[48][49] Merrill was summoned twice as a witness before the Smoot investigation before the United States Congress, but declined citing poor health. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Charles W. Nibley | PD_image = Charles W. Nibley 1931.JPG | alt = Photo of Charles W. Nibley ca. 1931 | caption = ca. 1931 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1849|02|05|mf=yes}} | death_date = {{Dda|1931|12|11|1849|02|05|mf=yes}} | position_or_quorum1 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by1 = Heber J. Grant | start_date1 = {{start date|1925|05|28|mf=yes}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1931|12|11|mf=yes}} | position_or_quorum2 = Presiding Bishop | called_by2 = Joseph F. Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1907|12|04|mf=yes}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1925|05|28|mf=yes}} | list_notes = Nibley was also the fifth presiding bishop of the LDS Church between 1907 and 1925. He is one of the few individuals to serve in the First Presidency without having been ordained to the priesthood office of apostle. | poly_date = 30 March 1880 | poly_wives = 3 | poly_notes = }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Orson Pratt | PD_image = OrsonPratt.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1811|09|19}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1881|10|03|1811|09|19}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1843|01|20}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1881|10|03}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president2 = Three Witnesses | start_date2 = {{start date|1835|04|26}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1842|08|20}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | president3 = Three Witnesses | start_date3 = {{start date|1835|04|26}} | list_notes = Younger brother of Parley P. Pratt. Was excommunicated for apostasy Aug 20, 1842, but readmitted Jan 20, 1843. As a result, was given reduced seniority in Jun 1875. Last surviving member of the original Quorum. Under the direction of Brigham Young, he published The Seer. | poly_date = March 10, 1843[50] | poly_wives = 10 | poly_notes = The Seer was a periodical published to defend the LDS Church's practice of polygamy. Despite William Clayton claiming in his journal, first published in 1921, that she had been told of the revelation on polygamy on July 12, 1843,[51] Emma Smith, Joseph Smith's widow, claimed that the very first time she ever became aware of polygamy being attributed to her late husband was 10 years later when she read about it in Pratt's The Seer in 1853.[52] }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Parley P. Pratt | PD_image = Parley P Pratt.gif | caption = Pratt, ca. 1845 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1807|04|12}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1857|05|13|1807|04|12}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Three Witnesses | start_date1 = {{start date|1835|02|21}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1857|05|13}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Three Witnesses | start_date2 = {{start date|1835|02|21}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1857|05|13}} | list_notes = In 1857, on a farm northeast of Van Buren, Arkansas, Pratt was murdered by Hector McLean, the legal husband of one of Pratt's plural wives.[53] Pratt is buried near Alma, Arkansas. | poly_date = June 24, 1843[6] | poly_wives = 11 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Charles C. Rich | PD_image = Charles C. Rich 1875.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1809|08|21}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1883|11|17|1809|11|09}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1849|02|12}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1883|11|17}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1849|02|12}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1883|11|17}} | list_notes = Was also a member of the Council of Fifty. | poly_date = January 6, 1845 | poly_wives = 6 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Franklin D. Richards I | PD_image = Franklin D. Richards (Mormon apostle).gif | birth_date = {{birth date|1821|04|02}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1899|12|09|1821|04|02}} | position_or_quorum1 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1898|09|13}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1899|12|09}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1849|02|12}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1899|12|09}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by3 = Brigham Young | start_date3 = {{start date|1849|02|12}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1899|12|09}} | poly_date = October 13, 1849 | poly_wives = 11 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Willard Richards | PD_image = Willardrichards.gif | birth_date = {{birth date|1804|06|24}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1854|03|11|1804|06|24}} | position_or_quorum1 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1847|12|27}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1854|03|11}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1840|04|14}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1847|12|27}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1840|04|14}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1854|03|11}} | list_notes = Richards was incarcerated in Carthage Jail with Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith and John Taylor on June 27, 1844, when the jail was attacked by a mob and the Smith brothers were murdered. | poly_date = January 18, 1843[54] | poly_wives = 14 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = George A. Smith | PD_image = GeorgeAlbertSmith.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1817|06|26}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1875|09|01|1817|06|26}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1868|10|07}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1875|09|01}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1839|04|26}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1868|10|07}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by3 = Joseph Smith | start_date3 = {{start date|1839|04|26}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1875|09|01}} | list_notes = Cousin of Joseph Smith. During The Utah War, Smith visited southern Utah communities, after learning of the imminent arrival of U.S. troops into Utah Territory. Scholars have asserted that Smith's tour, speeches, and personal actions may have contributed to the fear and tension in these communities, which led to the Mountain Meadows massacre. George A. Smith's grandson, George Albert Smith, later became president of the church in 1945. | poly_date = November 29, 1844 | poly_wives = 7 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John Henry Smith | PD_image = John Henry Smith.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1848|09|18}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1911|10|13|1848|09|18}} | position_or_quorum1 = Second Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by1 = Joseph F. Smith | start_date1 = {{start date|1910|04|07}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1911|10|13}} | position_or_quorum2 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by2 = John Taylor | start_date2 = {{start date|1880|10|27}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1910|04|07}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by3 = John Taylor | start_date3 = {{start date|1880|10|27}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1911|10|13}} | list_notes = Son of George A. Smith. After being elected a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature in 1882, he played an important role in the process whereby Utah made the transition from a territory to a state of the United States. | poly_date = April 4, 1877 | poly_wives = 2 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John W. Taylor | page_name = John W. Taylor (Mormon) | PD_image = Johnwtaylor.gif | birth_date = {{Birth date|1858|05|15}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1916|10|10|1858|05|15}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = John Taylor | start_date1 = {{start date|1884|05|15}} | end_date1 = April 1905 | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = John Taylor | start_date2 = {{start date|1884|05|15}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1911|03|28}}[55] | list_notes = Son of John Taylor. Resigned from the Quorum in October 1905 and was excommunicated in 1911. | poly_date = September 25, 1888 | poly_wives = 6 | poly_notes = Due to his staunch belief in the doctrine of plural marriage, Taylor continued to privately marry additional wives even after the church officially forbade the practice with the 1890 Manifesto. When discovered, Taylor resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = George Teasdale | PD_image = George Teasdale.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1831|12|08}} | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1907|06|09|1831|12|08}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = John Taylor | start_date1 = {{start date|df=yes|1882|10|16}} | end_date1 = {{end date|df=yes|1907|06|09}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = John Taylor | start_date2 = {{start date|df=yes|1882|10|16}} | end_date2 = {{end date|df=yes|1907|06|09}} | list_notes = Was also a member of the Council of Fifty. | poly_wives = 9 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Daniel H. Wells | PD_image = Daniel H. Wells2.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1814|10|27}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1891|03|24|1814|10|27}} | position_or_quorum1 = Counselor to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = John Taylor | start_date1 = {{start date|1877|10|06}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1891|03|24}} | position_or_quorum2 = Second Counselor in First Presidency | president2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1857|01|04}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum3 = LDS Church Apostle | president3 = Brigham Young | start_date3 = {{start date|1857|01|04}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1891|03|24}} | list_notes = Wells was a member of the Council of Fifty, Mayor of Salt Lake City (1866–76), president of the Manti Utah Temple (1888–91), and presided over the continuing construction of the Salt Lake Temple as the superintendent of public works for the LDS Church (1848–63). On April 6, 1877, Wells dedicated the St. George Utah Temple. | poly_date = February 15, 1849 | poly_wives = 7 | poly_notes = }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John R. Winder | PD_image = John R. Winder.jpg | caption = Winder in 1901 | birth_date = {{birth date|1821|12|11}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1910|03|27|1821|12|11}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | president1 = Joseph F. Smith | start_date1 = {{start date|1901|10|17}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1910|03|27}} | position_or_quorum2 = Second Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric | president2 = William B. Preston | start_date2 = {{start date|1887|04|08}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1901|10|17}} | list_notes = Winder was a figure in politics and the militia in the territory. He led the Nauvoo Legion to stop the advance of Johnston's Army in the Utah War of 1857. In the Black Hawk War (Utah), he fought as Adjutant General. Having never been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles prior to his call to the First Presidency, a rarity, there has been some dispute as to whether or not Winder was ordained an Apostle at the time of his appointment as first counselor. The LDS Church has no record of Winder being ordained to the office of Apostle. | poly_date = September, 30 1855 | poly_wives = 4 | poly_notes = }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Abraham O. Woodruff | PD_image = Abraham O. Woodruff.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1872|11|23}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1904|06|20|1872|11|23}} | position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | president1 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date1 = {{start date|1897|10|07}}[56] | end_date1 = {{end date|1904|06|20}} | position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle | president2 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date2 = {{start date|1897|10|07}}[42] | end_date2 = {{end date|1904|06|20}} | list_notes = Son of Wilford Woodruff. He was ordained an apostle at the young age of 23, but served less than 8 years due to his death of smallpox. | poly_date = November 1, 1900 | poly_wives = 2 | poly_notes = Married his second wife ten years after his father had issued the 1890 Manifesto. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Brigham Young Jr. | PD_image = Brigham Young, Jr.jpg | alt = Photo of Brigham Young Jr. | birth_date = {{birth date|1836|12|18}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1903|04|11|1836|12|18}} | position_or_quorum1 = President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date1 = {{start date|1901|10|17}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1903|04|11}} | start_date2 = {{start date|1899|12|09}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1901|10|10}} | position_or_quorum3 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | start_date3 = {{start date|1877|08|29}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1903|04|11}} | position_or_quorum4 = Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by4 = Brigham Young | start_date4 = {{start date|1874|05|09}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum5 = Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by5 = Brigham Young | start_date5 = {{start date|1873|06|08}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1874|05|09}} | position_or_quorum6 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by6 = Brigham Young | start_date6 = {{start date|1868|10|09}} | end_date6 = {{end date|1873|06|08}} | position_or_quorum7 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by7 = Brigham Young | start_date7 = {{start date|1864|02|04}} | end_date7 = {{end date|1903|04|11}} | list_notes = Son of Brigham Young. Was ordained an apostle in 1864, but did not become member of the Quorum until 1868. Also served several terms in the Utah Territorial Legislature.[57] | poly_date = March, 15, 1857 | poly_wives = 6 }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John Willard Young | PD_image = John_W_Young.gif | birth_date = {{birth date|1844|10|01}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1924|02|12|1844|10|01}} | position_or_quorum1 = Counselor to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | called_by1 = John Taylor | start_date1 = {{start date|1877|10|06}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1891|10|03}} | position_or_quorum2 = First Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|1876|10|08}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1877|08|29}} | position_or_quorum3 = Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by3 = Brigham Young | start_date3 = {{start date|1874|05|09}} | end_date3 = {{end date|1876|10|08}} | position_or_quorum4 = Counselor in the First Presidency | called_by4 = Brigham Young | start_date4 = {{start date|1873|06|08}} | end_date4 = {{end date|1874|05|09}} | position_or_quorum5 = LDS Church Apostle | called_by5 = Brigham Young | start_date5 = {{start date|1855|11|22}} | end_date5 = {{end date|1924|02|12}} | list_notes = Served as member of the Council of Fifty. In 1888, Joseph F. Smith accused Young of unethically using church funds to maintain a lavish lifestyle.[58] By April 1889, the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles were discussing Young's release. In response, Young resigned from his position on October 3, 1891.[58] For another 33 years, Young remained a church apostle, but never again served as a general authority. | poly_date = c. 1844 | poly_wives = 6 | poly_notes = }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/bottom}} Other church general authorities{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/top}}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists| name = Titus Billings | PD_image = Titus Billings Large.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1793|03|25}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1866|02|06|1793|03|25}} | position_or_quorum1 = Second Counselor to the Bishop of the Church | president1 = Edward Partridge | start_date1 = {{start date|1837|08|01}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1840|05|27}} | poly_date = January 20, 1854 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = An early member of the Latter Day Saint movement and a contemporary of both Joseph Smith and Brigham Young. He was one of the first converts to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Billings was present at many of the early events of the Latter Day Saint movement, and served as a church leader in Ohio, Missouri and Utah. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Robert T. Burton | PD_image = Robert T. Burton.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1821|10|25}} | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1907|11|11|1821|10|25}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric | called_by1 = William B. Preston | start_date1 = {{start date|df=yes|1884|10|05}} | end_date1 = {{end date|df=yes|1907|11|11}} | position_or_quorum2 = Second Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric | called_by2 = Edward Hunter | start_date2 = {{start date|df=yes|1874|10|09}} | end_date2 = {{end date|df=yes|1883|10|16}} | poly_date = February 6, 1856 | poly_wives = 3 | list_notes = Member of the presiding bishopric of from 1874 until his death. He was also one of the principal officers in the Nauvoo Legion during its Utah reconstitution (including the Utah War)[59] and led the territorial militia against the Morrisites during the 1862 Morrisite War. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Zebedee Coltrin | PD_image = Zebedee_Coltrin.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1804|09|07}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1887|07|21|1804|09|07}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy | called_by1 = Joseph Smith | start_date1 = {{start date|df=yes|1835|03|01}} | end_date1 = {{end date|df=yes|1837|04|06}} | position_or_quorum2 = Patriarch | called_by2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|df=yes|1873|05|31}} | end_date2 = {{end date|df=yes|1887|07|21}} | poly_date = February 5, 1843 | poly_wives = 7 | list_notes = A Mormon pioneer and a general authority in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints from 1835 to 1837, Coltrin was one of the First Seven Presidents of the Seventy and served in later years as a patriarch in the church, from 1873 until his death. | poly_notes= Before he undertook the Mormon practice of polygamy, Zebedee Coltrin's first marriage (1828) to Julia Ann Jennings (1812-1841) was a happy one, but as with the five children Julia ultimately bore him, she also died — at Kirtland, Ohio, at only 29 years of age. Zebedee's second wife, Mary Mott (1820-1886), gave birth to ten more children. She and Zebedee were married 'for time' in 1843, and later, on 20 January 1846, 'sealed for eternity,' in the Nauvoo Temple by Brigham Young — after which, Apostle Parley P. Pratt conferred upon them additional endowment blessings; Mary also stood as proxy that day in the sealing of first wife Julia to their husband. Coltrin married Hannah Husted (1797-1862) and Sarah Oyler (1800-1886) at Nauvoo in 1846, and also Lavinia Elizabeth Fullmer (1838-1907) in 1857 and one Marriet Chaddock in 1874 at Salt Lake City. Finally, noting that none of these additional wives bore him children, it is known that Coltrin found a seventh wife in one Amanda Norwood. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Levi W. Hancock | PD_image = Levi W. Hancock.jpg | alt = Bust photo of Levi W. Hancock | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1803|04|07|mf=yes}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1882|06|10|1803|04|07|mf=yes}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy | called_by1 = Joseph Smith | start_date1 = {{start date|1837|09|03|mf=yes}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1882|06|10|mf=yes}} | position_or_quorum2 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy | called_by2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1835|03|01|mf=yes}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1837|04|06|mf=yes}} | poly_date = February 24, 1849 | poly_wives = 5 | list_notes = Served as member of the Council of Fifty (1846) and the 1st Utah Territorial Legislature. Was honorably released from the First Seven Presidents of the Seventy because he had already been ordained a high priest. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Leonard W. Hardy | PD_image = Leonard W. Hardy.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1805|12|31}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1884|07|31|1805|12|31}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric | president1 = Edward Hunter | start_date1 = {{start date|1856|10|06}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1884|07|31}} | poly_date = Nov 28, 1850 | poly_wives = 5 | list_notes = Served as member of the Council of Fifty. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = George Miller (Latter Day Saints) | name = George Miller | birth_date = {{birth date|1794|11|25}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1856|08|27|1794|11|25|mf=yes}} | position_or_quorum1 = Second Bishop of the Church | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1844|10|07}} | end_date1 = Latter end of 1846 | poly_date = January 25, 1846 | poly_wives = 3 | list_notes = Served as member of the Council of Fifty. Served as member of the Council of Fifty. Disfellowshipped from the church on 3 December 1848 due to his opposition of Brigham Young's leadership, however, he was never formally excommunicated. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John Hamilton Morgan | PD_image = JohnMorganSouthernStar.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1842|08|08}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1894|08|14|1842|08|08}} | poly_date = January 25, 1884 | poly_wives = 3 | list_notes = An early educator in Utah Territory | position_or_quorum1 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy | president1 = John Taylor | start_date1 = {{start date|1884|10|05}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1894|08|14}} }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Isaac Morley | PD_image = Isaac_Morley.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1786|3|11|mf=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1865|6|24|1786|3|11|mf=y}} | poly_date = 1844 | poly_wives = 7 | list_notes = Morley was one of the first converts to Smith's Church of Christ. Morley was present at many of the early events of the Latter Day Saint movement, and served as a church leader in Ohio, Missouri and Utah Territory. Served as a member of the Council of Fifty. | position_or_quorum1 = First Counselor to the Bishop of the Church | president1 = Edward Partridge | start_date1 = {{start date|1831|06|03}}[60] | end_date1 = {{end date|1840|05|27}} }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Stillman Pond | PD_image = Stillman_Pond.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1803|10|26}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1878|09|30|1803|10|26}} | position_or_quorum1 = Second Quorum of Seventy | called_by1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|df=yes|1845|05|17}} | end_date1 = {{end date|df=yes|1853|02|16}} | position_or_quorum2 = Senior President of Thirty-fifth Quorum of Seventy | called_by2 = Brigham Young | start_date2 = {{start date|df=yes|1853|02|16}} | end_date2 = {{end date|df=yes|1878|09|30}} | poly_date = September 26, 1852 | poly_wives = 5 | list_notes = A native Massachusetts farmer, harnessmaker, and land speculator by trade, Pond was a Mormon Pioneer and church leader recognized for the great personal sacrifices he made in the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Great Salt Lake Valley (Sept 1846 – Sept 1847), in what would later become Utah Territory. Along the Mormon Trail, Stillman lost to disease and death not only his second wife at Winter Quarters, Nebraska, but also — almost incomprehensibly and in utterly devastating circumstances — 8 children from both his first and second marriages (including 18-year-old Abigail, a plural bride of Presiding Bishop Newell K. Whitney). | poly_notes= Having earlier lost also his first wife to a New England Yellow Fever epidemic in 1833 (the 33-year-old mother having borne him 5 children), he went on to enter into three additional unions in Utah Territory from 1852 to 1870. Although Stillman suffered divorce from his fourth wife in 1855, all five women bore him children, making him grand-patriarch to a sea of descendants scattered throughout the intermountain West and beyond: Almyra Whittemore (1800-1833), Maria Louisa Davis (1812-1847), Abigail Thorn (1821–1904), Elizabeth Joan Bessac (1813-1875), and Anna Regina Swenson (1837-1909). Stillman Pond was called and set apart by Brigham Young as Senior President of the 35th Quorum of Seventy, in which capacity he served for 25 years until his death (1853-1878). }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = George Reynolds (Mormon) | name = George Reynolds | PD_image = George Reynolds (LDS).JPG | birth_date = {{Birth date|1842|01|01}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1909|08|09|1842|01|01}} | poly_date = August 3, 1874 | poly_wives = 3 | list_notes = Was the accused in the U.S. Supreme Court case on polygamy, Reynolds v. United States and was the first convicted Mormon polygamist to serve a term of imprisonment. | position_or_quorum1 = First Council of the Seventy | president1 = Wilford Woodruff | start_date1 = {{start date|1890|04|05}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1909|08|09}} }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = B. H. Roberts | PD_image = Brigham Henry Roberts2.jpg | alt = Photo of B. H. Roberts | caption = Roberts, ca 1933 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1857|03|13}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1933|09|27|1857|03|13}} | poly_date = October 2, 1884 | poly_wives = 3 | poly_notes = Was denied a seat as a member of United States Congress because of his practice of plural marriage. Convicted of unlawful cohabitation in 1899 and imprisoned for six months | position_or_quorum1 = First Council of the Seventy | president1 = John Taylor | start_date1 = {{start date|1888|10|07}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1933|09|27}} }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = John Smith (nephew of Joseph Smith) | name = John Smith | PD_image = John Smith (nephew)1895.JPG | birth_date = {{birth date|1832|09|22}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1911|11|06|1832|09|22}} | poly_date = February 18, 1857 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = Nephew of Joseph Smith, Jr. (father was Hyrum Smith). | position_or_quorum1 = 5th Presiding Patriarch | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1855|02|18}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1911|11|06}} }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | PD_image = John Smith (uncle of Joseph Smith).jpg | name = John Smith | page_name = John Smith (uncle of Joseph Smith) | birth_date = {{Birth date|1781|07|16}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1854|05|23|1781|07|16}} | position_or_quorum1 = 4th Presiding Patriarch | president1 = Brigham Young | start_date1 = {{start date|1849|01|01}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1854|05|23}} | position_or_quorum2 = Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency | president2 = Joseph Smith | start_date2 = {{start date|1837|09|03}} | end_date2 = {{end date|1844|06|27}} | poly_date = 1843 | poly_wives = 10 | list_notes = Younger brother of Joseph Smith, Sr. and uncle of Joseph Smith. Served as a member of the Council of Fifty, as a counselor in the First Presidency(1837–1844), and as the 4th Presiding Patriarch of the LDS Church (1849–1854). | poly_notes = Practiced plural marriage and fathered four children. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Zerubbabel Snow | PD_image = Zerubbabel Snow.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1809|03|29}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1888|09|27|1809|03|29}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Quorum of the Seventy, 1835-unknown | poly_date = August 25, 1841 | poly_wives = 3 | list_notes = Was elected Attorney General of the Territory of Utah in 1869. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Edward Stevenson | PD_image = Edward Stevenson.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1820|05|01}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1897|01|27|1820|05|01}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Council of the Seventy, October 7, 1894-January 27, 1897 | poly_date = October 28, 1855 | poly_wives = 7 | list_notes = He is also notable for writing a memoir of Joseph Smith in 1893, which ended up being the earliest surviving documentary source supporting the story of Joseph Smith having taught prior to 1836 that he had seen God and Jesus Christ as two separate beings in his First Vision. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = William W. Taylor | PD_image = WmWhitTaylor.JPG | birth_date = {{birth date|1853|09|11}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1884|08|01|1853|09|11}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, April 7, 1880-August 1, 1884 | poly_date = March 29, 1884 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = Was a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John Van Cott | PD_image = John Van Cott 1846.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1814|09|07}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1883|02|18|1814|09|07}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, October 8, 1862-February 18, 1883 | poly_date = May 02, 1849 | poly_wives = 5 | list_notes = Served as member of the Council of Fifty. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Newel K. Whitney | PD_image = Newel K. Whitney.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1795|02|05}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1850|09|24|1795|02|05}} | position_or_quorum1 = Presiding Bishop, June 6, 1847-September 23, 1850 | position_or_quorum2 = First Bishop of the Church, October 7, 1844-June 6, 1847 | poly_date = February 14, 1845 | poly_wives = up to 8, including two daughters of Stillman Pond — Elizabeth Almira Pond, age 19; and Abigail A. Pond, age 18. | list_notes = Served as member of the Council of Fifty. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Joseph Young | PD_image = Joseph Young.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1797|04|07}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1881|07|16|1797|04|07}} | position_or_quorum1 = First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, March 1, 1835-July 16, 1881 | poly_date = January 16, 1846 | poly_wives = 6 | list_notes = Was the elder brother of Brigham Young and a member of the Council of Fifty. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/bottom}} Other notable members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/top}}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists| name = Milo Andrus | PD_image = Milo Andrus 1890.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1814|03|06}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1893|06|19|1814|03|06}} | poly_date = January 1, 1848 | poly_wives = 11 | list_notes = Andrus was one of the members of Zion's Camp, and helped build the Kirtland, Nauvoo, Salt Lake, and Saint George Temples. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Gilbert Belnap | PD_image = Gilbert Belnap.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1821|12|22}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1899|02|26|1821|12|22}} | poly_date = June 26, 1852 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = Belnap was a Mormon pioneer, early bishop, missionary, Weber County sheriff, and colonizer. He married first cousins; his first wife was the daughter of Martha McBride Knight, one of Joseph Smith's plural wives. He was issued a recommend in 1857 to take a third wife which was never used. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John Milton Bernhisel | PD_image = John Milton Bernhisel.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1799|06|23}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1881|09|28|1799|06|23}} | poly_date = c.1845 | poly_wives = 7 | list_notes = Bernhisel was elected as Utah Territory's first delegate to Congress in 1851. | poly_notes= Bernhisel married 7 women between 1845 and 1850, however, all but one had deserted him by 1851. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Anson Call | PD_image = Anson Call.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1810|05|13}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1890|08|31|1810|08|31}} | poly_date = April 15, 1851 | poly_wives = 6 | list_notes = Mormon pioneer and an early colonizer of many communities in Utah Territory and surrounding states. Call — who fulfilled many assignments by Brigham Young, including as president of the Bountiful United Order, in a stake presidency, and as a two-time bishop — is perhaps best remembered in Mormon history for recording Joseph Smith's Rocky Mountain prophecy. | poly_notes= Call married 6 women between 1833 and 1870, divorcing his second on unfounded rumors of infidelity. Four wives bore him children, while the last two were marriages of protection to the widow of his brother Josiah Call, who was killed by Indians, and of his third wife's widowed sister. Call's plural wives included Mary Flint (1812-1901), Ann Mariah Bowen (1834-1924), Margaretta Unwin Clark (1828-1908), Emma Summers (1828-1912), Henrietta Caroline Williams (1826-1900), and Ann Clark (1817-1893). }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Anson Bowen Call | PD_image = Anson Bowen Call.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1863|10|20}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1958|01|02|1863|10|20}} | poly_date = December 10, 1890 | poly_wives = 4 | list_notes = Bowen Call (known by all of his associates as 'Bowen' to distinguish him from his father Anson Call) was a Mormon colonizer in Colonia Dublán, Mexico, where he served for more than 40 years as a bishop and patriarch (ordained by President George Albert Smith). | poly_notes= Bowen married 4 women between 1885 and 1903, losing all but his first to early death. All bore him children. Bowen was a school teacher in both Utah and Wyoming before migrating to Mexico in 1890 — under prophetic direction, in order to legally enter into the practice of U.S.-banned polygamy — with his first wife and children. Bowen's plural wives included Mary Theresa Thompson (1868-1957), Harriet Cazier (1870-1894), Dora Pratt (1878-1904), and Julia Sarah Abegg (1885-1937). Among the last of the Latter Day Saints to practice plural marriage with the Church's 'blessing' — that is, to enter into a Wilford Woodruff-condoned post-Manifesto polygamous union outside the boundaries of the United States — Bowen Call's descendants now number in the thousands, approximating today 3,500. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Hugh Findlay | PD_image = Hugh Findlay.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1822|06|09}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1900|03|02|1822|06|09}} | poly_date = c. 1857 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = Findlay was one of the first two Mormon missionaries to enter India and initiated Mormon missionary work in the Shetland Islands. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = William J. Flake | PD_image = William J. Flake.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1839|07|03}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1932|08|10|1839|07|03}} | poly_date = c. 1868 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = Flake helped settle parts of Arizona. | poly_notes= He was convicted of unlawful cohabitation in 1883 and imprisoned for a short time. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = David Fullmer | PD_image = David Fullmer (Latter Day Saint).jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1803|07|07}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1879|10|21|1803|07|07}} | poly_date = January 21, 1846 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = David Fullmer was a members of the Council of Fifty and the Nauvoo City Council. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John S. Fullmer | PD_image = John S. Fullmer.JPG | birth_date = {{birth date|1807|07|21}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1883|10|08|1807|07|21}} | poly_date = January 21, 1846 | poly_wives = 3 | list_notes = John Fullmer was a members of the Council of Fifty and the Utah Territorial House of Representatives. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Archibald Gardner | PD_image = AGardner.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1814|09|02}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1902|02|08|1814|09|02}} | poly_date = April 19, 1849 | poly_wives = 11 | list_notes = Prominent business man and bishop for 32 years }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Ephraim Hanks | PD_image = Ephraim K. Hanks.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1826|03|21}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1896|06|09|1826|03|21}} | poly_date = March 27, 1856 | poly_wives = 4 | list_notes = Hanks was a prominent member of the 19th-century Latter Day Saint movement, a Mormon pioneer and a leader in the early settlement of Utah. Hanks played a role in the rescue of the Martin handcart company, although he wasn't present during the famous Sweetwater crossing.[61] Hanks also led a militia company in scouting expeditions during the Utah War in 1857 and 1858. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Abraham Hoagland | PD_image = Abraham Lucas Hoagland.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1797|03|24}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1872|02|14|1797|03|24}} | poly_date = c. 1847 | poly_wives = 4 | list_notes = Hoagland was an early Mormon leader, pioneer, and one of the founders of Royal Oak, Michigan, and Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Jacob Hamblin | PD_image = Jacobhamblin.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1819|04|02}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1886|08|31|1819|04|02}} | poly_date = September 30, 1849 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = Hamblin was a Western pioneer, Mormon missionary, and diplomat to various Native American Tribes of the Southwest and Great Basin. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = Charles Sreeve Peterson | name = Charles S. Peterson | PD_image = Charles Sreeve Peterson.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1818|07|28}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1889|09|26|1818|07|28}} | poly_date = c. 1849 | poly_wives = 4 | list_notes = Peterson was the first settler of Utah's Morgan Valley,[62] a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature, and one of the first settlers in the Mormon colonies in Mexico. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Lot Smith | PD_image = Lot Smith.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1830|03|15}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1892|06|21|1830|03|15}} | poly_date = c. 1851 | poly_wives = 8 | list_notes = Lot was an officer in the Nauvoo Legion. He was sent on a special mission by Young to delay the United States Army from reaching Utah in 1857. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Orson Spencer | PD_image = Orson Spencer.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1802|03|14}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1855|10|15|1802|03|14}} | poly_date = c. 1835 | poly_wives = 6 | list_notes = Spencer was a member of the Council of Fifty and was named the first chancellor of the University of Deseret in 1850. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = David King Udall | name = David K. Udall | PD_image = David King Udall.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1851|09|07}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|02|18|1851|09|07}} | poly_date = c. 1882 | poly_wives = 3 | list_notes = Udall married last wife in 1903, 13 years after the 1890 Manifesto }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = John Lyon (poet) | name = John Lyon | PD_image = Johnlyon2.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1803|03|04}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1889|11|28|1803|03|04}} | poly_date = March 28, 1856 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = Lyon was a Scottish Latter Day Saint poet and hymn writer. | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/bottom}} Other sects within the Latter Day Saint movementMormon fundamentalists sectsThe following are notable members of the Mormon fundamentalist movement who have practiced plural marriage: {{Latter Day Saint biography lists/top}}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists| name = Owen A. Allred | birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|01|14}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|02|14|1914|01|14}} | poly_date = 1942 | poly_wives = 8 | list_notes = Owen Allred became leader of the Apostolic United Brethren following the murder of his brother Rulon Allred. | poly_notes = }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Rulon C. Allred | birth_date = {{birth date|1906|03|29}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1977|05|10|1906|03|29}} | poly_date = c. 1926 | poly_wives = at least 12 | list_notes = Leader of the Apostolic United Brethren. On May 10, 1977, Allred was shot and killed by two women in his office in Murray, Utah. One of the women was later identified as Rena Chynoweth, one of Ervil LeBaron's wives. Although acquitted of the charges, Chynoweth later confessed to the crime in her memoir, The Blood Covenant. | poly_notes = }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John Y. Barlow | birth_date = {{birth date|1874|03|04}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1949|12|29|1874|03|04}} | poly_date = 1902 | poly_wives = 4 | list_notes = While serving as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Barlow defended his polygamous views and was dishonorably released.[63] Later, LDS Church apostle Melvin J. Ballard, the president of the Northwest States Mission during Barlow's service there, served as witness in the disciplinary council that resulted in Barlow's excommunication.[64] | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = J. Leslie Broadbent | birth_date = {{birth date|1891|06|03}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1935|03|16|1891|06|03}} | poly_date = June 1915 | poly_wives = 4 | list_notes = In 1927, Broadbent published a pamphlet Celestial Marriage advocating the practice of plural marriage. This was one of the first Mormon fundamentalist tracts and was a factor in his subsequent excommunication by the LDS Church in July 1929. | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = Tom Green (polygamist) | name = Tom Green | birth_date = 1948 | death_date = | poly_date = 1980s | poly_wives = 7 | list_notes = Green and his lifestyle were the subject of the British-made documentary One Man, Six Wives and Twenty-Nine Children. He and his wives have appeared on various television programmes and have a higher level of media exposure than many other contemporary polygamists. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = James D. Harmston | birth_date = November 1940 | death_date = June 27, 2013 | poly_date = c. 1990 | poly_wives = at least 8[65] | list_notes = Raised in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, James D. Harmston and his wife broke away from the Church in the 1980s and founded the True and Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days. | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Rulon Jeffs | birth_date = {{birth date|1909|12|06}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|09|08|1909|12|06}} | poly_date = March 2, 1909[66] | poly_wives = As many as 75[67] | list_notes = Rulon Jeffs was a leader of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. It was reported that at the time of Jeffs' death at age 92 that he may have had as many as 75 wives and 65 children;[68] however, conflicting sources indicate that Jeffs may have been survived by 19 or 20 wives and "about 60 children," including 33 sons.[69] | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Warren Jeffs | PD_image = Jeffs ws1.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|12|03}} | poly_date = | poly_wives = 78[70] | list_notes = Current leader of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. On September 25, 2007, Jeffs was found guilty of two counts of rape as an accomplice and was sentenced to imprisonment for 10 years to life.[71] However, on July 27, 2010, his conviction was reversed by Utah's Supreme Court because of incorrect jury instructions.[72] Subsequently on August 9, 2011, Jeffs was tried on two other counts of sexual assault of a child, convicted and sentenced to life in prison plus 20 years.[73] | poly_notes= }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Leroy S. Johnson | PD_image = Leroy S. Johnson2.jpg | caption = During the Short Creek raid, 1953 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|06|12|mf=yes}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|11|25|1888|06|12|mf=yes}} | position_or_quorum1 = Senior Member of the Priesthood Council {{nobold|(Short Creek Community)}}[74] | start_date1 = 1954 | end_date1 = {{end date|1986|11|25|mf=yes}} | list_notes = Leader of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Johnson became acquainted with fundamentalist ideas in 1928 after his brother Price introduced him to John Woolley in Centerville, Utah. | poly_date = c. 1928 | poly_wives = 6[75] }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Alex Joseph | birth_date = 1936 | death_date = September 27, 1998 | poly_date = c. 1969 | poly_wives = up to 20[76] | list_notes = Founder of the Confederate Nations of Israel and mayor of Big Water, Utah. Joseph was the first Libertarian mayor of a community in the United States. | poly_notes = }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = Charles Elden Kingston | name = Charles E. Kingston | birth_date = 1909 | death_date = 1947 | poly_date = | poly_wives = 5[77] | list_notes = Kingston co-foundered the Latter Day Church of Christ, also known as the Kingston Clan and the Davis County Cooperative.[78] | poly_notes = }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = Paul Elden Kingston | name = Paul E. Kingston | PD_image = Paul Elden Kingston.jpg | birth_date = 1959 | death_date = | poly_date = | poly_wives =up to 27 | list_notes = Prophet and Presiding Priesthood Leader of the Latter Day Church of Christ, also known as the Kingston Clan, since August 25, 1987. | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Ervil LeBaron | birth_date = {{birth date|1925|02|22}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1981|08|16|1925|02|22}} | poly_date = c. 1944 | poly_wives = at least 13 wives | list_notes = Founder of the Church of the Lamb of God and using the religious doctrine of blood atonement as justification, ordered the killings of many of his opponents, including Rulon C. Allred. In 1980, he was sentenced to prison for orchestrating the murder of an opponent, and died in prison. | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Joel LeBaron | birth_date = {{birth date|1923|06|09}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1972|08|20|1923|06|09}} | poly_date = c. 1944 | poly_wives = | list_notes = In 1955, Joel LeBaron and two of his brothers established the Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times in Salt Lake City, Utah with Joel as President of the Church. In 1967, Joel's brother, Ervil LeBaron, was removed from leadership in the church when he began to preach that he, and not Joel, was the proper leader of the church. Then on 20 August 1972 Daniel Jordan, one of Ervil's followers, shot and killed Joel. | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | page_name = Joseph White Musser | name = Joseph W. Musser | PD_image = | birth_date = {{birth date|1872|03|08}} | death_date = 1954 | poly_date = March 1902 | poly_wives = 5 | list_notes = Musser is known for his Mormon fundamentalist books, pamphlets and magazines, as well as being considered a prophet by many Mormon fundamentalists. | poly_notes= }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = John W. Woolley | PD_image = John W. Woolley2.jpg | alt = Bust photo of John W. Woolley | birth_date = {{Birth date|1831|12|30|mf=yes}} | death_date = {{Dda|1928|12|13|1831|12|30|mf=yes}} | position_or_quorum1 = Senior Member of the Priesthood Council | called_by1 = | start_date1 = before 1935 | end_date1 = {{end date|1928|12|13|dd|mf=yes}} | poly_date = March 20, 1851 | poly_wives = 3 | list_notes = Woolley was sealed to only one woman during his lifetime, and experienced plural marriage for only six years between 1886 and 1892. However, Woolley is known as the father of Mormon fundamentalism and amongst most fundamentalists is considered an apostle, prophet, and president of the priesthood. }}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Lorin C. Woolley | PD_image = Lorin C. Woolley2.jpg | alt = Woolley in 1882 | caption = Woolley in 1882 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1856|10|23|mf=yes}} | death_date = {{Dda|1934|9|19|1856|10|23|mf=yes}} | position_or_quorum1 = Senior Member of the Priesthood Council | start_date1 = {{start date|1928|12|13|mf=yes}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1934|09|19|mf=yes}} | poly_date = by 1915 | poly_wives = at least 4 | list_notes = In 1912, Woolley gave the first written account of the background to the 1886 Revelation and of a subsequent meeting in which Taylor stated that plural marriage must and would continue. It is estimated that up to ninety percent of polygamists across the Wasatch Front today trace their sealing authority through this priesthood line.[79] }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Charles Zitting | birth_date = {{birth date|1884|03|30}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1954|07|14|1884|03|30}} | poly_date = pre. April 1, 1931 | poly_wives = 5 | list_notes = Zitting was a Mormon fundamentalist leader and member of The Council of Friends, in the Short Creek community. | poly_notes = }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists | name = Brian David Mitchell | PD_image = | birth_date ={{birth date and age|1953|10|18}} | death_date = | poly_date = June 5, 2002 | poly_wives = 2 (see note) | list_notes = Mitchell married three times legally, two of the marriages ending in divorce. Elizabeth Smart was kidnapped and forcibly "married" to him, while he was legally married to his third wife Wanda Barzee. | poly_notes= }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/bottom}} Other Latter Day Saint sects{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/top}}{{ Latter Day Saint biography lists| name = James J. Strang | page_name = James Strang | PD_image = James Strang daguerreotype (1856).jpg | alt = | caption = James Strang in 1856 daguerreotype photograph | birth_date = {{Birth date|1813|03|21|mf=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1856|07|09|1813|03|21|mf=y}} | position_or_quorum1 = Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) | called_by1 = | start_date1 = ca. June 1844 | end_date1 = {{end date|1856|07|09}} | poly_date = July 13, 1849 | poly_wives = 5 | list_notes = Originally, Strang was strenuously opposed to the practice of polygamy;[80] however, in 1849, Strang reversed course and become one of its strongest advocates. Since many of his early disciples had looked to him as a monogamous counterweight to Brigham Young's polygamous version of Mormonism, Strang's decision to embrace plural marriage proved costly to him and his church. }}{{Latter Day Saint biography lists/bottom}} See also{{Portal|Latter Day Saints|LDS Church}}
Notes1. ^{{Harvnb|Whitmer|1887}} 2. ^Times and Seasons, Volume 5, page 474 3. ^Times and Seasons, Volume 5, page 423 4. ^The Latter-Day Saints' Millennial Star 4 [January 1844]: 144 5. ^Church of Christ was the official name on April 6, 1830: {{Citation |last=Shields |first=Steven |title=Divergent Paths of the Restoration |publication-place=Independence, Missouri |publisher=Restoration Research |year=1990 |edition=Fourth |isbn=0942284003}}. In 1834, the official name was changed to Church of the Latter Day Saints and then in 1838 to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints: "Minutes of a Conference", Evening and Morning Star, vol. 2, no. 20, p. 160. The spelling "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" was adopted by the LDS Church in Utah in 1851, after Joseph Smith's death in 1844, and is today specified in Doctrine and Covenants 115:4 (LDS Church edition). 6. ^1 2 3 {{Citation |last=Smith |first=George D |title=Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report |url= http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fdialogue&CISOPTR=15882&REC=3&CISOBOX=42 |accessdate=May 5, 2007 |journal=Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought |issue=1 |volume=27 |date= Spring 1994}} 7. ^As believed by Todd Compton, "A Trajectory of Plurality: An Overview of Joseph Smith's Thirty-three Plural Wives", A Journal of Mormon Thought, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1–38. 8. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.lds.org/topics/plural-marriage-in-kirtland-and-nauvoo?lang=eng |title= Gospel Topics: Plural Marriage in Kirtland and Nauvoo |publisher= LDS.org|year = 2015}} 9. ^{{Citation| last = Quinn| first = D. Michael| authorlink = D. Michael Quinn| title = The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power| publisher = Signature Books| place = Salt Lake City| year = 1994}} 10. ^{{Citation| last = Newell| first = Linda King| author-link = Linda King Newell| last2 = Avery| first2 = Valeen Tippetts| author2-link = Valeen Tippetts Avery| title = Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith| edition = 2d| publisher = University of Illinois Press| year = 1994| pages = 89, 132| isbn = 0-252-06291-4| url = https://books.google.com/?id=UjHEhhqVu1UC}} 11. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 12. ^As believed by George D. Smith ({{Citation |last=Smith |first=George D |title=Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report |url= http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fdialogue&CISOPTR=15882&REC=3&CISOBOX=42 |accessdate=May 5, 2007 |journal=Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought |issue=1 |volume=27 |date= Spring 1994}}) 13. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 14. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 15. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 16. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 17. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | last = Quinn | first = D. Michael | authorlink = D. Michael Quinn | title = The Council of Fifty and Its Members, 1844 to 1945 | journal = BYU Studies | pages = 22–26 | format = PDF | publisher = Brigham Young University | location = Provo, UT | date = 1980 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/content/council-fifty-and-its-members-1844-1945 | accessdate = 21 September 2017}} 18. ^{{cite journal |last=Arrington |first=Leonard J. |authorlink=Leonard J. Arrington |title=The Search for Truth and Meaning in Mormon History |journal=A Journal of Mormon Thought |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=56–66 |date=Summer 1968 |url=http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/dialogue,1554 |ref= harv}} – Bullock worked in the Church Historian's Office, but was not an official "Assistant Church Historian". The first "Assistant Church Historian" was Wilford Woodruff called in 1856, after Bullock left in 1854. 19. ^{{citation |last= Lund |first= Anthon H. |authorlink= Anthon H. Lund |contribution= Remarks § Church Historians |pages= 10-12 |title= Eighty-eighth Semi-annual Conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Report of the Discourses |year= 1917 |contribution-url = https://archive.org/stream/conferencereport1917sa#page/n11/mode/2up }} 20. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 21. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 22. ^Journal of William Clayton - excerpts online at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3750/Clayton_intro.html {{Verify credibility|date=August 2008}} 23. ^Saints' Herald 65:1044–1045 24. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 25. ^{{Citation |last=Smith |first=George D |title=Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report |url= http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fdialogue&CISOPTR=15882&REC=3&CISOBOX=42 |accessdate=May 5, 2007 |journal=Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought |issue=1 |volume=27 |date= Spring 1994 |page=16}} 26. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 27. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 28. ^B. H. Roberts, The Life of John Taylor (Salt Lake City, Utah: George Q. Cannon & Sons, 1897). 29. ^Richard L. Jensen, "The John Taylor Family," Ensign, February 1980, pp. 50–51. 30. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 31. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 32. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 33. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 34. ^Salt Lake Daily Tribune, 1899-09-09, p. 1. 35. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 36. ^B. H. Roberts, The Life of John Taylor (Salt Lake City, Utah: George Q. Cannon & Sons, 1897). 37. ^Richard L. Jensen, "The John Taylor Family," Ensign, February 1980, pp. 50–51. 38. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 39. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 40. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 41. ^1 Richard S. Van Wagoner (1989, 2d ed.). Mormon Polygamy: A History (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books) p. 119 42. ^1 2 {{cite book |contribution= Members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the Dispensation of the Fulness of Times |title= Church History in the Fulness of Times Student Manual |date= 2003 |publisher= LDS Church |page= 656 |url= http://www.lds.org/manual/church-history-in-the-fulness-of-times-student-manual |accessdate= 2014-10-12 }} 43. ^Cowley resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on October 28, 1905; however, he remained an ordained apostle of the church until his priesthood was suspended in 1911. 44. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 45. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 46. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 47. ^{{Citation | last = Merrill | first = Melvin Clarence | title = Utah Pioneer and Apostle: Marriner Wood Merrill and His Family | year = 1937 | pages = 62–66 }} 48. ^{{Citation | last = Alexander | first = Thomas G. | title = Mormonism in Transition | publisher = University of Illinois Press | year = 1986 | location = Urbana | page = 12 }} 49. ^{{Citation | last = Flake | first = Kathleen | title = The Politics of American Religious Identity: The Seating of Senator Reed Smoot, Mormon Apostle | publisher = University of North Carolina Press | year = 2004 | location = Chapel Hill | page = 71 }} 50. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 51. ^Journal of William Clayton - excerpts online at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3750/Clayton_intro.html {{Verify credibility|date=August 2008}} 52. ^Saints' Herald 65:1044–1045 53. ^{{Citation |last=Smith |first=George D |title=Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report |url= http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fdialogue&CISOPTR=15882&REC=3&CISOBOX=42 |accessdate=May 5, 2007 |journal=Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought |issue=1 |volume=27 |date= Spring 1994 |page=16}} 54. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1994|p=16}} 55. ^Taylor resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in April 1905; however, he remained an ordained apostle of the church until his excommunication in 1911. 56. ^{{cite book |contribution= Members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the Dispensation of the Fulness of Times |title= Church History in the Fulness of Times Student Manual |date= 2003 |publisher= LDS Church |page= 656 |url= http://www.lds.org/manual/church-history-in-the-fulness-of-times-student-manual |accessdate= 2014-10-12 }} 57. ^{{Citation|last=Jenson|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Jenson|title=Latter-day Saints Biographical Encyclopedia|volume=1|year=1901–1936|publisher= Deseret Book and A. Jenson Historical Co|location=Salt Lake City, Utah|page=121}} 58. ^1 Compton, "John Willard Young", p. 124. 59. ^Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Robert T. Burton 60. ^Joseph Smith Papers, Minute Book #2, p. 6 61. ^{{cite journal|last=Orton |first=Chad M. |year=2006 |title=The Martin Handcart Company at the Sweetwater: Another Look |journal=BYU Studies |volume=45 |issue=3 |page=13 |url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/showtitle.aspx?title=7194 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021184841/https://byustudies.byu.edu/showtitle.aspx?title=7194 |archivedate=2013-10-21 |df= }} 62. ^"The Settlements of Morgan County". Morgan County Utah Historical Society. . Accessed 23 April 2007. 63. ^Morris Q. Kunz, Reminiscences on Priesthood, 21 64. ^LSJ Sermons 1:61 65. ^The True & Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416060010/http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/TLCchurch.htm |date=2010-04-16 }} 66. ^Rulon Jeffs. Biography of Rulon Jeffs located at www.fldstruth.org (official FLDS website) 67. ^Wade Goodwyn, Howard Berkes and Amy Walters, [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4629320 "Warren Jeffs and the FLDS Church"], NPR, 2005-05-03. 68. ^[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4629320 NPR report on Warren Jeffs and the FLDS Church] - Last accessed Sept 07, 2007 69. ^[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DE5D91F31F936A2575AC0A9649C8B63 Mormon Leader Is Survived by 33 Sons and a Void (New York Times)] 70. ^{{citation |last= Whitehurst |first= Lindsay |title= Warren Jeffs gets life in prison for sex with underage girls |url= http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/52354441-78/jeffs-jurors-sentencing-girls.html.csp |newspaper= Salt Lake Tribune |date= 9 August 2011 }} 71. ^Winslow, B. (2007, November 22). Jeffs is now an inmate at Utah State Prison. Deseret Morning News. Retrieved 29 November 2007 from http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695229917,00.html 72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc4.com/content/news/top%20stories/story/Utah-Supreme-Court-reverses-Warren-Jeffs/UmCT7ZKXNE6dLZ94CqF6NA.cspx |title=Utah Supreme Court reverses Warren Jeffs conviction - ABC 4.com - Salt Lake City, Utah News |publisher=ABC 4.com |date= |accessdate=2010-07-28}} 73. ^{{cite news |last=Whitehurst |first=Lindsay |date=August 11, 2011 |url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/52354441-78/jeffs-sexual-child-jurors.html.csp |title= Warren Jeffs gets life in prison for sex with underage girls |work=Salt Lake Tribune |accessdate=September 4, 2011}} 74. ^{{cite web|last=Hales|first=Brian C.|title=J. Leslie Broadbent|url=http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/JLeslieBroadbent.htm|accessdate=18 March 2014|publisher=mormonfundamentalism.com}} 75. ^http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/Photos/LeroyJohnson.htm 76. ^Brandon Burt, "Utah's Gay Mayor" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213114740/http://affirmation.org/news/utahs_gay_mayor.pdf |date=2010-12-13 }}, Salt Lake Metro : article contains background information on Joseph, his adoption of Libertarianism, and the founding of Big Water, Utah 77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/CharlesEldenKingston.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-10-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021185700/http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/CharlesEldenKingston.htm |archivedate=2013-10-21 |df= }} 78. ^Utah Attorney General’s Office and Arizona Attorney General’s Office. The Primer, Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127133628/http://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/cmsdocuments/The_Primer.pdf |date=2013-01-27 }}. Updated June 2006. Page 23. 79. ^D. Michael Quinn, "Plural Marriage and Mormon Fundamentalism," in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds., Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, Education, and the Family, Vol. 2 of the Fundamentalism Project of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 244. 80. ^(August 12, 1847). Voree Herald as quoted in Fitzpatrick, pp. 74–5. See also Apostle John E. Page at this same source, on his conversations with Strang on the subject. References{{Wikipedia books|1=Mormonism and polygamy }}
| last=Smith | first=George D | title=Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report | journal=A Journal of Mormon Thought | volume=27 | issue=1 | date=Spring 1994 | url=http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fdialogue&CISOPTR=15882&REC=3&CISOBOX=42 | accessdate=2007-05-12 | ref=harv | postscript= }}.
|last=Whitmer |first=David |authorlink=David Whitmer |title=An Address to All Believers in Christ |year=1887 |location=Richmond, Missouri |url=http://www.utlm.org/onlinebooks/address3.htm |accessdate=2006-12-30 |ref=harv |postscript={{Close plural relationships}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Latter Day Saint Practitioners Of Plural Marriage}} 4 : Articles with inconsistent citation formats|Latter Day Saints|Mormonism and polygamy|Latter Day Saint movement lists |
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