“List of mammals of Ireland”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This is a list of the 60 mammal species recorded in Ireland. A new Red List of Irish terrestrial mammals was published in 2009 and all 26 terrestrial species native to Ireland, or naturalised in Ireland before 1500, were assessed. Of these, one was found to be regionally extinct (grey wolf Canis lupus), one achieved a threat status of Vulnerable (black rat Rattus rattus), three were found to be Near Threatened (Leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri), otter (Lutra lutra) and red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), one was data deficient (Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii) and the remaining 20 were of least concern.^[1]

The following tag are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Order: Diprotodontia

Though most marsupials make up a great part of the fauna in the Australian region, the red-necked wallaby has been introduced and a population is currently breeding on the island of Lambay.^[2]

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing.

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Carnivorans include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

See also

Notes

1. ^This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have been classified as extinct since 1500. The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
2. ^http://www.thejournal.ie/wallabies-lambay-island-2-3516673-Jul2017/
3. ^Emma Sheehy, Colin Lawton, 2015 Distribution of the non-native Hazel Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) in Ireland.Irish Naturalists' Journal Volume 34, Part 1: 13-16.
4. ^https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691416/
5. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/04/28/eashrew128.xml | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London | title=Barn owl helps to find new Irish shrew | first=Paul | last=Eccleston | date=28 April 2008 | accessdate=8 May 2010}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-36305054|title=Rare arctic bowhead whale seen off Cornwall - BBC News|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2016}}
7. ^orcaweb - www.orcaweb.org.uk
8. ^"A geographical perspective on the decline and extermination of the Irish wolf canis lupus" (PDF). Kieran R. Hickey. Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biodiversityireland.ie/feral-wild-boar/|title=Feral wild boar in Forest of Dean expand despite cull. A cautionary tale for Ireland.|date=21 October 2016|website=Biodiversity Ireland}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/invasive-species-ireland-wild-boar-sightings-1303180-Feb2014/|title=What are all these wild boars* doing running around Ireland?|first=Nicky|last=Ryan|website=TheJournal.ie}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ucd.ie/news/2012/04APR12/180412-Kerry-red-deer-ancestry-traced-to-population-introduced-to-Ireland-by-ancient-peoples-over-5000-years-ago.html |title=Kerry red deer ancestry traced to population introduced to Ireland by ancient peoples over 5,000 years ago |work= |accessdate=6 November 2012}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/Quercus/Filestore/Filetoupload,140806,en.pdf|title=Natural Heritage Research Partnership Muntjac Knowledge Transfer|publisher=}}