“List of mammals of Latvia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Latvia. There are 56 mammal species in Latvia, of which 0 are critically endangered, 1 is endangered, 4 are vulnerable, and 3 are near-threatened.^[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

See also

Notes

1. ^This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
2. ^Regional Species Extinctions - Examples of regional species extinctions over the last 1000 years and more. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013955/http://www.fmap.ca/ramweb/media/biodiversity_loss/downloads/RegionalExtinctionExamples.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}
3. ^Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415090735/http://www.cetacea.de/news/archiv/2005/10/arch051001.shtml |date=2016-04-15 }}
4. ^Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtet
5. ^Angler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht
6. ^Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) - MarLIN, The Marine Life Information Network
7. ^Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415090735/http://www.cetacea.de/news/archiv/2005/10/arch051001.shtml |date=2016-04-15 }}
8. ^Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtet
9. ^Angler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht
10. ^[https://www.rgo.ru/en/projects/protection-endangered-species-beluga-white-whale/about-beluga About the beluga] - Russian Geographical Society
11. ^Rare Sowerby's beaked whale spotted in the Baltic Sea - WDC
12. ^Baltic dolphin sightings confirmed - National
13. ^Orcinus orca (Killer Whale, Orca)