“List of mammals of Pakistan”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Pakistan. There are 173 mammal species in Pakistan, of which 12 are critically endangered, 11 are endangered, 14 are vulnerable, and 10 are near-threatened. The largest mammal in Pakistan is the Asiatic brown bear. Capra falconeri, the markhor, is the national animal of Pakistan.^[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

Order: Primates

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)

The order Philodota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

See also

Notes

1. ^This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
2. ^{{Cite web|publisher=IUCN|title=Megaptera novaeangliae (Arabian Sea subpopulation)|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/132835/0|accessdate=27 November 2017}}
3. ^{{Cite news|author=Muhammad Irfan|date=12 September 2017 |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/first-live-sperm-whales-sighted-in-pakistani-waters-wwf-video/|title=First live sperm whales sighted in Pakistani waters: WWF (VIDEO)|publisher=Daily Pakistan|accessdate=21 September 2017}}
4. ^{{Cite web|author= Gianna Minton|date=14 September 2017 |url=https://arabianseawhalenetwork.org/2017/09/14/sperm-whales-and-blue-whales-sighted-by-fishermen-off-the-coast-of-pakistan/|title=Sperm whales and blue whales sighted by fishermen off the coast of Pakistan|publisher=Arabian Sea Whale Network |accessdate=21 September 2017}}
5. ^{{Cite news|author=Zeest Qureshi|date=23 November 2017 |title=Killer Whale Was Spotted In Pakistani Seas For The First Time And Here's How Pakistanis Are Reacting|url=https://www.mangobaaz.com/first-time-ever-killer-whale-spotted-pakistani-seas/|publisher=MangoBaaz|accessdate=11 November 2017}}
6. ^{{Cite news|author=Warda Imran|date=23 November 2017 |title=Karachi welcomes sighting of first killer whale at Churna Island|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1566452/1-karachi-welcomes-sighting-first-killer-whale-churna-island/|publisher=The Express Tribune|accessdate=27 November 2017}}
7. ^Sheikh, K.M. and Molur, S. (2004). Status and Red List of Pakistan’s Mammals. Based on the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. Islamabad: IUCN Pakistan.