“List of mammals of Paraguay”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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List of mammals of Paraguay

释义

Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria Order: Cingulata (armadillos) Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas) Order: Primates Order: Rodentia (rodents) Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs) Order: Chiroptera (bats) Order: Carnivora (carnivorans) Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) Infraclass: Metatheria Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)
Notes
References
See also

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Paraguay. There are 151 mammal species in Paraguay, of which 0 are critically endangered, 2 are endangered, 7 are vulnerable, and 12 are near-threatened.^[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

EX	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR	Critically Endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT	Near Threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC	Least Concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD	Data Deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:

LR/cd	Lower Risk/conservation dependent	Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt	Lower Risk/near threatened	Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc	Lower Risk/least concern	Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Cingulata (armadillos)

The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.

Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
Subfamily: Dasypodinae
Genus: Dasypus
Southern long-nosed armadillo Dasypus hybridus NT
Nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus LC
Seven-banded armadillo Dasypus septemcinctus LC
Subfamily: Euphractinae
Genus: Chaetophractus
Screaming hairy armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus LC
Big hairy armadillo Chaetophractus villosus LC
Genus: Calyptophractus
Greater fairy armadillo Calyptophractus retusus NT
Genus: Chlamyphorus
Greater fairy armadillo Chlamyphorus retusus NT
Genus: Euphractus
Six-banded armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus LC
Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
Genus: Cabassous
Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo Cabassous chacoensis NT
Greater naked-tailed armadillo Cabassous tatouay LC
Genus: Priodontes
Giant armadillo Priodontes maximus VU
Genus: Tolypeutes
Southern three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes matacus NT

Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.

Suborder: Folivora
- Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
- Genus: Bradypus
- Brown-throated three-toed sloth Bradypus variegatus LC
Suborder: Vermilingua
- Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters)
- Genus: Myrmecophaga
- Giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla NT
- Genus: Tamandua
- Southern tamandua Tamandua tetradactyla LC

Order: Primates

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Suborder: Haplorhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
- Parvorder: Platyrrhini
- Family: Aotidae
- Genus: Aotus
- Azara's night monkey Aotus azarae LC
- Family: Pitheciidae
- Subfamily: Callicebinae
- Genus: Callicebus
- White-coated titi Callicebus pallescens LC
- Family: Atelidae
- Subfamily: Alouattinae
- Genus: Alouatta
- Black howler Alouatta caraya LC

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
- Subfamily: Erethizontinae
- Genus: Coendou
- Brazilian porcupine Coendou prehensilis LR/lc
- Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine Coendou spinosus LR/lc
- Family: Chinchillidae (viscachas and chinchillas)
- Genus: Lagostomus
- Plains viscacha Lagostomus maximus LR/lc
- Family: Caviidae (guinea pigs)
- Subfamily: Caviinae
- Genus: Cavia
- Brazilian guinea pig Cavia aperea LR/lc
- Subfamily: Dolichotinae
- Genus: Dolichotis
- Chacoan mara Dolichotis salinicola LR/nt
- Subfamily: Hydrochoerinae (capybaras and rock cavies)
- Genus: Hydrochoerus
- Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris LR/lc
- Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and pacas)
- Genus: Dasyprocta
- Azara's agouti Dasyprocta azarae VU
- Central American agouti Dasyprocta punctata LR/lc
- Family: Cuniculidae
- Genus: Cuniculus
- Lowland paca Cuniculus paca LC
- Family: Ctenomyidae
- Genus: Ctenomys
- Bolivian tuco-tuco Ctenomys boliviensis LR/lc
- Conover's tuco-tuco Ctenomys conoveri LR/lc
- Chacoan tuco-tuco Ctenomys dorsalis LR/lc
- Family: Echimyidae
- Subfamily: Dactylomyinae
- Genus: Kannabateomys
- Atlantic bamboo rat Kannabateomys amblyonyx LR/lc
- Subfamily: Eumysopinae
- Genus: Euryzygomatomys
- Fischer's guiara Euryzygomatomys spinosus LR/lc
- Genus: Proechimys
- Long-tailed spiny rat Proechimys longicaudatus LR/lc
- Genus: Thrichomys
- Punare Thrichomys apereoides LR/lc
- Family: Myocastoridae (coypus)
- Genus: Myocastor
- Coypu Myocastor coypus LR/lc
Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Brazilian squirrel Sciurus aestuans LR/lc
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
- Genus: Akodon
- Azara's grass mouse Akodon azarae LR/lc
- Cursor grass mouse Akodon cursor LR/lc
- Blackish grass mouse Akodon nigrita LR/lc
- Chaco grass mouse Akodon toba LR/lc
- Genus: Andalgalomys
- Pearson's chaco mouse Andalgalomys pearsoni LR/lc
- Genus: Bolomys
- Hairy-tailed bolo mouse Bolomys lasiurus LR/lc
- Genus: Calomys
- Crafty vesper mouse Calomys callidus LR/lc
- Large vesper mouse Calomys callosus LR/lc
- Small vesper mouse Calomys laucha LR/lc
- Drylands vesper mouse Calomys musculinus LR/lc
- Genus: Graomys
- Gray leaf-eared mouse Graomys griseoflavus LR/lc
- Genus: Holochilus
- Chaco marsh rat Holochilus chacarius LR/lc
- Genus: Oecomys
- Mamore arboreal rice rat Oecomys mamorae LR/lc
- Genus: Oligoryzomys
- Chacoan pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys chacoensis LR/lc
- Small-eared pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys microtis LR/lc
- Black-footed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys nigripes LR/lc
- Genus: Cerradomys
- Terraced rice rat Cerradomys subflavus LR/lc
- Genus: Sooretamys
- Paraguayan rice rat Sooretamys angouya LR/lc
- Genus: Hylaeamys
- Azara's broad-headed rice rat Hylaeamys megacephalus LR/lc
- Genus: Euryoryzomys
- Big-headed rice rat Euryoryzomys russatus LR/lc
- Elegant rice rat Euryoryzomys nitidus LR/lc
- Genus: Oxymycterus
- Spy hocicudo Oxymycterus delator LR/lc
- Genus: Pseudoryzomys
- Brazilian false rice rat Pseudoryzomys simplex LR/lc
- Genus: Scapteromys
- Waterhouse's swamp rat Scapteromys tumidus LR/lc

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
Genus: Sylvilagus
Tapeti Sylvilagus brasiliensis LR/lc

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Family: Noctilionidae
Genus: Noctilio
Lesser bulldog bat Noctilio albiventris LR/lc
Greater bulldog bat Noctilio leporinus LR/lc
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Myotinae
Genus: Myotis
Silver-tipped myotis Myotis albescens LR/lc
Black myotis Myotis nigricans LR/lc
Riparian myotis Myotis riparius LR/lc
Red myotis Myotis ruber VU
Velvety myotis Myotis simus LR/lc
Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
Genus: Eptesicus
Brazilian brown bat Eptesicus brasiliensis LR/lc
Diminutive serotine Eptesicus diminutus LR/lc
Argentine brown bat Eptesicus furinalis LR/lc
Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus LR/lc
Genus: Histiotus
Tropical big-eared brown bat Histiotus velatus LR/lc
Genus: Lasiurus
Desert red bat Lasiurus blossevillii LR/lc
Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus LR/lc
Southern yellow bat Lasiurus ega LR/lc
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Cynomops
Cinnamon dog-faced bat Cynomops abrasus LR/nt
Southern dog-faced bat Cynomops planirostris LR/lc
Genus: Eumops
Dwarf bonneted bat Eumops bonariensis LR/lc
Big bonneted bat Eumops dabbenei LR/lc
Wagner's bonneted bat Eumops glaucinus LR/lc
Western mastiff bat Eumops perotis LR/lc
Genus: Molossops
Dwarf dog-faced bat Molossops temminckii LR/lc
Genus: Molossus
Black mastiff bat Molossus ater LR/lc
Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus LR/lc
Genus: Nyctinomops
Peale's free-tailed bat Nyctinomops aurispinosus LR/lc
Broad-eared bat Nyctinomops laticaudatus LR/lc
Big free-tailed bat Nyctinomops macrotis LR/lc
Genus: Promops
Big crested mastiff bat Promops centralis LR/lc
Brown mastiff bat Promops nasutus LR/lc
Genus: Tadarida
Mexican free-tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis LR/nt
Family: Emballonuridae
Genus: Peropteryx
Lesser doglike bat Peropteryx macrotis LR/lc
Family: Phyllostomidae
Subfamily: Phyllostominae
Genus: Chrotopterus
Big-eared woolly bat Chrotopterus auritus LR/lc
Genus: Lophostoma
White-throated round-eared bat Lophostoma silvicolum LR/lc
Genus: Macrophyllum
Long-legged bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum LR/lc
Genus: Micronycteris
Little big-eared bat Micronycteris megalotis LR/lc
Genus: Phyllostomus
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor LR/lc
Greater spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus hastatus LR/lc
Genus: Tonatia
Greater round-eared bat Tonatia bidens LR/lc
Subfamily: Glossophaginae
Genus: Glossophaga
Pallas's long-tongued bat Glossophaga soricina LR/lc
Subfamily: Carolliinae
Genus: Carollia
Seba's short-tailed bat Carollia perspicillata LR/lc
Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
Genus: Artibeus
Fringed fruit-eating bat Artibeus fimbriatus LR/nt
Jamaican fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis LR/lc
Great fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus LR/lc
Flat-faced fruit-eating bat Artibeus planirostris LR/lc
Genus: Pygoderma
Ipanema bat Pygoderma bilabiatum LR/nt
Genus: Sturnira
Little yellow-shouldered bat Sturnira lilium LR/lc
Genus: Vampyressa
Southern little yellow-eared bat Vampyressa pusilla LR/lc
Genus: Platyrrhinus
White-lined broad-nosed bat Platyrrhinus lineatus LR/lc
Subfamily: Desmodontinae
Genus: Desmodus
Common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus LR/lc

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Leopardus
- Colocolo Leopardus colocolo NT
- Geoffroy's cat Leopardus geoffroyi NT
- Ocelot Leopardus pardalis LC
- Oncilla Leopardus tigrinus NT
- Margay Leopardus wiedii LC
- Genus: Puma
- Cougar Puma concolor NT
- Jaguarundi Puma yagouaroundi LC
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Genus: Panthera
- Jaguar Panthera onca NT
Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Lycalopex
- Pampas fox Lycalopex gymnocercus LC
- Genus: Cerdocyon
- Crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous LC
- Genus: Speothos
- Bush dog Speothos venaticus VU
- Genus: Chrysocyon
- Maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus NT
- Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
- Genus: Procyon
- Crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus LR/lc
- Genus: Nasua
- South American coati Nasua nasua LR/lc
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Galictis
- Lesser grison Galictis cuja LR/lc
- Genus: Lontra
- Neotropical river otter Lontra longicaudis DD
- Genus: Pteronura
- Giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis EN
- Family: Mephitidae
- Genus: Conepatus
- Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk Conepatus humboldtii LR/lc

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
Genus: Tapirus
Brazilian tapir Tapirus terrestris VU

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
Genus: Catagonus
Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri EN
Genus: Pecari
Collared peccary Pecari tajacu LC
Genus: Tayassu
White-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari NT
Family: Camelidae (camels, llamas)
Genus: Lama
Guanaco Lama guanicoe LR/lc
Family: Cervidae (deer)
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Genus: Blastocerus
Marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus VU
Genus: Mazama
Red brocket Mazama americana DD
Pygmy brocket Mazama nana DD
Genus: Ozotoceros
Pampas deer Ozotoceros bezoarticus NT

Infraclass: Metatheria

Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene.They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
Subfamily: Caluromyinae
Genus: Caluromys
Brown-eared woolly opossum Caluromys lanatus LR/nt
Subfamily: Didelphinae
Genus: Chironectes
Water opossum Chironectes minimus LR/nt
Genus: Didelphis
White-eared opossum Didelphis albiventris LR/lc
Big-eared opossum Didelphis aurita LR/lc
Common opossum Didelphis marsupialis LR/lc
Genus: Gracilinanus
Agile gracile opossum Gracilinanus agilis LR/nt
Genus: Lutreolina
Lutrine opossum Lutreolina crassicaudata LR/lc
Genus: Marmosa
Woolly mouse opossum Marmosa demerarae LR/lc
Tate's woolly mouse opossum Marmosa paraguayana LC
Genus: Metachirus
Brown four-eyed opossum Metachirus nudicaudatus LR/lc
Genus: Monodelphis
Gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica LR/lc
Southern red-sided opossum Monodelphis sorex VU
Genus: Philander
Gray four-eyed opossum Philander opossum LR/lc
Genus: Thylamys
Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossum Thylamys macrurus LR/nt
Common fat-tailed mouse opossum Thylamys pusillus LR/lc

Notes

1. ^This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.

References

{{cite web

|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?kingname=ANIMALIA&phyname=CHORDATA&claname=MAMMALIA&freetext=&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B0%5D=all&redlistAssessyear%5B0%5D=all&country%5B0%5D=PY&aquatic%5B0%5D=all®ions%5B0%5D=all&habitats%5B0%5D=all&threats%5B0%5D=all&Submit_x=34&Submit_y=9&extendedResults=0&terrestrial=0&marine=0&freshwater=0&offset=0&sortorder%5B0%5D=spcscientificname&sortorder%5B1%5D=genname&sortorder%5B2%5D=spcname&sortorder%5B3%5D=spcauthor&sortorder%5B4%5D=spcinfrarank&sortorder%5B5%5D=spcinfraepithet&sortorder%5B6%5D=spcinfrarankauthor&sortorder%5B7%5D=spcstockname&sortorder%5B8%5D=comname_comp&sortorder%5B9%5D=rlcabb&sortorder%5B10%5D=rlscriteria&sortorder%5B11%5D=poptrend_code&sortorder%5B12%5D=rlcatcrit2001&sortorder%5B13%5D=spcrecid&sortorder%5B14%5D=kingname&debug=0&taxa_subspc=0&taxa_stock=0&newsort=Genus
|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Paraguay
|publisher=IUCN
|year=2001
|accessdate = 22 May 2007

}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

{{cite web

|url=http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/
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|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
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{{cite web

|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html
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}}