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词条 List of mammals of Tajikistan
释义

  1. Subclass: Theria

     Infraclass: Eutheria  Order: Rodentia (rodents)  Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)  Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)  Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)  Order: Chiroptera (bats)  Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)  Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)  Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) 

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Tajikistan. There are fifty-one mammal species in Tajikistan, of which four are endangered, six are vulnerable, and three are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Rodentia (rodents)


Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

  • Suborder: Sciurognathi
    • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
    • Subfamily: Xerinae
    • Tribe: Xerini
    • Genus: Spermophilopsis
    • Long-clawed ground squirrel, Spermophilopsis leptodactylus LR/lc
    • Tribe: Marmotini
    • Genus: Marmota
    • Long-tailed marmot, Marmota caudata LR/nt
    • Menzbier's marmot, Marmota menzbieri VU
    • Family: Gliridae (dormice)
    • Subfamily: Leithiinae
    • Genus: Dryomys
    • Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LR/nt
    • Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
    • Subfamily: Allactaginae
    • Genus: Allactaga
    • Severtzov's jerboa, Allactaga severtzovi LR/lc
    • Vinogradov's jerboa, Allactaga vinogradovi LR/lc
    • Family: Cricetidae
    • Subfamily: Arvicolinae
    • Genus: Blanfordimys
    • Afghan vole, Blanfordimys afghanus LR/lc
    • Bucharian vole, Blanfordimys bucharicus LR/nt
    • Genus: Microtus
    • Juniper vole, Microtus juldaschi LR/lc
    • Tien Shan vole, Microtus kirgisorum LR/lc
    • Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
    • Subfamily: Gerbillinae
    • Genus: Meriones
    • Midday jird, Meriones meridianus LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Murinae
    • Genus: Nesokia
    • Short-tailed bandicoot rat, Nesokia indica LC

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)


The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
    • Genus: Ochotona
    • Large-eared pika, Ochotona macrotis LR/lc
    • Turkestan red pika, Ochotona rutila LR/lc

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)


The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
    • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
    • Genus: Hemiechinus
    • Long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus LR/lc
    • Brandt's hedgehog, Hemiechinus hypomelas LR/lc

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)


The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
    • Genus: Crocidura
    • Lesser rock shrew, Crocidura serezkyensis LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Soricinae
    • Tribe: Soricini
    • Genus: Sorex
    • Buchara shrew, Sorex buchariensis LR/lc
    • Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LR/lc

Order: Chiroptera (bats)


The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

  • Family: Vespertilionidae
    • Subfamily: Myotinae
    • Genus: Myotis
    • Geoffroy's bat, Myotis emarginatus VU
    • Fraternal myotis, Myotis frater LR/nt
    • Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
    • Genus: Eptesicus
    • Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae LC
    • Genus: Otonycteris
    • Desert long-eared bat, Otonycteris hemprichii LR/lc
    • Subfamily: Miniopterinae
    • Genus: Miniopterus
    • Schreibers' long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii LC
  • Family: Molossidae
    • Genus: Tadarida
    • European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis LR/lc
  • Family: Rhinolophidae
    • Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
    • Genus: Rhinolophus
    • Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LR/nt
    • Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros LC

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)


There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
    • Subfamily: Felinae
    • Genus: Acinonyx
    • Asiatic cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus venaticus CR
    • Genus: Caracal
    • Caracal, Caracal caracal LC
    • Genus: Felis
    • Jungle cat, Felis chaus LC
    • Wildcat, Felis silvestris LC
    • Pallas's cat, Felis manul NT
    • Genus: Lynx
    • Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx NT
    • Subfamily: Pantherinae
    • Genus: Panthera
    • Persian leopard, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica EN
    • Caspian tiger, Panthera tigris virgata EX
    • Snow leopard, Panthera uncia EN
    • Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
    • Genus: Hyaena
    • Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena LR/nt
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
    • Genus: Vulpes
    • Red fox, Vulpes vulpes LC
    • Genus: Canis
    • Common jackal, Canis aureus aureus LC
    • Tibetan wolf, Canis lupus chanco LC
    • Eurasian wolf, Canis lupus lupus LC
    • Genus: Cuon
    • Tien Shan dhole, Cuon alpinus hesperius EN
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
    • Genus: Ursus
    • Eurasian brown bear, Ursus arctos arctos LC
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
    • Genus: Mustela
    • Stoat, Mustela erminea LR/lc
    • Steppe polecat, Mustela eversmannii LR/lc
    • Least weasel, Mustela nivalis LR/lc
    • Genus: Lutra
    • European otter, Lutra lutra NT

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)


The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
  • Genus: Equus
  • Turkmenian kulan, Equus hemionus kulan EN

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)


The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
    • Subfamily: Cervinae
    • Genus: Cervus
    • Central Asian red deer, Cervus affinis LR/lc
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
    • Genus: Gazella
    • Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa VU
    • Subfamily: Caprinae
    • Genus: Capra
    • Markhor, Capra falconeri EN
    • Genus: Ovis
    • Argali, Ovis ammon VU
    • Mouflon, Ovis orientalis VU
    • Genus: Pseudois
    • Bharal, Pseudois nayaur LC

See also

  • List of chordate orders
  • List of regional mammals lists
  • List of prehistoric mammals
  • Mammal classification
  • New mammal species

Notes

1. ^This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.

References

  • {{cite web

|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?kingname=ANIMALIA&phyname=CHORDATA&claname=MAMMALIA&freetext=&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B0%5D=all&redlistAssessyear%5B0%5D=all&country%5B0%5D=TJ&aquatic%5B0%5D=all®ions%5B0%5D=all&habitats%5B0%5D=all&threats%5B0%5D=all&Submit_x=34&Submit_y=9&extendedResults=0&terrestrial=0&marine=0&freshwater=0&offset=0&sortorder%5B0%5D=spcscientificname&sortorder%5B1%5D=genname&sortorder%5B2%5D=spcname&sortorder%5B3%5D=spcauthor&sortorder%5B4%5D=spcinfrarank&sortorder%5B5%5D=spcinfraepithet&sortorder%5B6%5D=spcinfrarankauthor&sortorder%5B7%5D=spcstockname&sortorder%5B8%5D=comname_comp&sortorder%5B9%5D=rlcabb&sortorder%5B10%5D=rlscriteria&sortorder%5B11%5D=poptrend_code&sortorder%5B12%5D=rlcatcrit2001&sortorder%5B13%5D=spcrecid&sortorder%5B14%5D=kingname&debug=0&taxa_subspc=0&taxa_stock=0&newsort=Genus
|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Tajikistan
|publisher=IUCN
|year=2001
|accessdate = 22 May 2007

}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

  • {{cite web

|url=http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/
|title=Mammal Species of the World
|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
|year=2005
|accessdate=22 May 2007
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427043030/http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/
|archivedate=27 April 2007
|deadurl=yes
|df=
}}
  • {{cite web

|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html
|title=Animal Diversity Web
|publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
|date=1995–2006
|accessdate = 22 May 2007
}}{{Asia topic|List of mammals of}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List of mammals of Tajikistan}}

4 : Mammals of Tajikistan|Lists of biota of Tajikistan|Lists of mammals of Asia|Lists of mammals by location
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