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词条 List of mammals of the United States
释义

  1. Subclass: Theria

     Infraclass: Metatheria  Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)  Infraclass: Eutheria  Order: Cingulata (armadillos)  Order: Rodentia (rodents)  Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)  Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)  Order: Chiroptera (bats)  Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)  Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)  Order: Proboscidea (elephants and allies)  Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)  Order: Cetacea (whales)  Introduced animals 

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

  5. Further reading

  6. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}

About 490 species of mammals are recorded in the United States. This list is probably incomplete. Unincorporated territories like for example Puerto Rico, Guam or Northern Mariana Islands are not covered. Mammals introduced and extinct in the Holocene except Pleistocene/Holocene boundary are included.

According to the IUCN Red List 3 of these species are critically endangered, 20 endangered, 15 vulnerable, 20 near threatened and 4 extinct.[1]

Some species are identified as indicated below:

  • (A) - Accidental
  • (E) - Extinct
  • (Ex) - Extirpated (extinct in the US, but exists elsewhere in the world)
  • (I) - Introduced

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

EX Extinction No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorize it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

(v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014[1])

and the Endangered Species Act:

E Endangered
T Threatened
XN, XE eXperimental Nonessential or Essential population
E(S/A), T(S/A) Endangered or Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance

(the data are current as of March 28, 2014[3])

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)


Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

  • Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
    • Subfamily: Didelphinae
    • Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana {{refn|group=n|name=b|
      Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]}}{{refn|group=n|Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as opossum D. marsupialis (merged Mexican D. marsupialis and D. virginiana).}} {{IUCN status|LC|40502}}

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Cingulata (armadillos)


The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species. Only the nine-banded armadillo is found in the United States.

  • Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
    • Subfamily: Dasypodinae
    • Nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus {{refn|group=n|name=a|
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]}} {{IUCN status|LC|6290}}

Order: Rodentia (rodents)


Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

  • Suborder: Hystricognathi
    • Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
    • Subfamily: Erethizontinae
    • North American porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|8004}}
  • Suborder: Sciurognathi
    • Family: Aplodontidae (mountain beaver)
    • Mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|1869}} (ssp. nigra: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Family: Castoridae (beavers)
    • American beaver, Castor canadensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4003}}
    • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
    • Subfamily: Sciurinae
    • Tribe: Sciurini
    • Abert's squirrel, Sciurus aberti {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42461}}
    • Arizona gray squirrel, Sciurus arizonensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|DD|20005}}
    • Eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42462}}
    • Western gray squirrel, Sciurus griseus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20011}}
    • Mexican fox squirrel, Sciurus nayaritensis {{refn|group=n|Mexican fox squirrel, Sciurus nayaritensis: Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - only as Apache fox squirrel S. apache.}} {{IUCN status|LC|20015}}
    • Fox squirrel, Sciurus niger {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20016}}
      (Delmarva fox squirrel, S. n. cinereus: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Douglas squirrel, Tamiasciurus douglasii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42586}}
    • American red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42587}}
      (Mount Graham red squirrel, T. h. grahamensis: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Tribe: Pteromyini
    • Northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|39553}}
      (Carolina northern flying squirrel G. s. coloratus and Virginia northern flying squirrel G. s. fuscus: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Humboldt's flying squirrel, Glaucomys oregonensis
    • Southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|9240}}
    • Subfamily: Xerinae
    • Tribe: Marmotini
    • Harris's antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus harrisii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42399}}
    • Texas antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus interpres {{refn|group=n|name=b}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - mentioned only in the description of another species as possible split.}} {{IUCN status|LC|42451}}
    • White-tailed antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus leucurus {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x1|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - range not clear because described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.}} {{IUCN status|LC|42452}}
    • San Joaquin antelope squirrel, Ammospermophilus nelsoni {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|1149}}
    • Gunnison's prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.}} {{IUCN status|LC|42453}}
    • White-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys leucurus {{refn|group=n|name=b}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|LC|42454}}
    • Black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|6091}}
    • Utah prairie dog, Cynomys parvidens {{refn|group=n|name=b}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|EN|6090}} {{ESA status|T}}
    • Alaska marmot, Marmota broweri {{refn|group=n|name=b}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|42455}}
    • Hoary marmot, Marmota caligata {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42456}}
    • Yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42457}}
    • Groundhog, Marmota monax {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42458}}
    • Olympic marmot, Marmota olympus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42459}}
    • California ground squirrel, Otospermophilus beecheyi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20481}}
    • Rock squirrel, Otospermophilus variegatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20495}}
    • Golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus lateralis {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|42468}}
    • Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus saturatus {{refn|group=n|name=b}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|LC|42562}}
    • Mohave ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|20474}}
    • Spotted ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus spilosoma {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42563}}
    • Round-tailed ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus tereticaudus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20493}}
    • Franklin's ground squirrel, Poliocitellus franklinii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41787}}
    • Mexican ground squirrel, Ictidomys mexicanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20487}}
    • Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42564}}
    • Uinta ground squirrel, Urocitellus armatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42463}}
    • Belding's ground squirrel, Urocitellus beldingi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42464}}
    • Northern Idaho ground squirrel, Urocitellus brunneus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|CR|20497}}
    • Southern Idaho ground squirrel, Urocitellus endemicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|20498}}
    • Merriam's ground squirrel, Urocitellus canus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42465}}
    • Columbian ground squirrel, Urocitellus columbianus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42466}}
    • Wyoming ground squirrel, Urocitellus elegans {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42467}}
    • Piute ground squirrel, Urocitellus mollis {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42469}}
    • Arctic ground squirrel, Urocitellus parryii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|20488}}
    • Richardson's ground squirrel, Urocitellus richardsonii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42561}}
    • Townsend's ground squirrel, Urocitellus townsendii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|20476}}
    • Washington ground squirrel, Urocitellus washingtoni {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|20475}}
    • Alpine chipmunk, Tamias alpinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42568}}
    • Yellow-pine chipmunk, Tamias amoenus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42569}}
    • Gray-footed chipmunk, Tamias canipes {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|21364}}
    • Gray-collared chipmunk, Tamias cinereicollis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42570}}
    • Cliff chipmunk, Tamias dorsalis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42571}}
    • Merriam's chipmunk, Tamias merriami {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|21358}}
    • Least chipmunk, Tamias minimus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42572}}
    • California chipmunk, Tamias obscurus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|21359}}
    • Yellow-cheeked chipmunk, Tamias ochrogenys {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42573}}
    • Palmer's chipmunk, Tamias palmeri {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|21355}}
    • Panamint chipmunk, Tamias panamintinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42574}}
    • Long-eared chipmunk, Tamias quadrimaculatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42575}}
    • Colorado chipmunk, Tamias quadrivittatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42576}}
    • Red-tailed chipmunk, Tamias ruficaudus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42577}}
    • Hopi chipmunk, Tamias rufus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42578}}
    • Allen's chipmunk, Tamias senex {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42579}}
    • Siskiyou chipmunk, Tamias siskiyou {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42580}}
    • Sonoma chipmunk, Tamias sonomae {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42581}}
    • Lodgepole chipmunk, Tamias speciosus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42582}}
    • Eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42583}}
    • Townsend's chipmunk, Tamias townsendii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42584}}
    • Uinta chipmunk, Tamias umbrinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42585}}
    • Family: Geomyidae
    • Desert pocket gopher, Geomys arenarius {{refn|group=n|name=b}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|NT|9054}}
    • Attwater's pocket gopher, Geomys attwateri {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|136380}}
    • Baird's pocket gopher, Geomys breviceps {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|136840}}
    • Plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|42588}}
    • Knox Jones's pocket gopher, Geomys knoxjonesi {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|136258}}
    • Texas pocket gopher, Geomys personatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|9055}}
    • Southeastern pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42589}}
    • Llano pocket gopher, Geomys texensis {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|9062}}
    • Yellow-faced pocket gopher, Pappogeomys castanops {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16025}}
    • Botta's pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae {{refn|group=n|name=x2|Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - described as the nominative species and 1 or 2 additional distinct species.}} {{IUCN status|LC|21799}}
    • Camas pocket gopher, Thomomys bulbivorus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42594}}
    • Wyoming pocket gopher, Thomomys clusius {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42595}}
    • Idaho pocket gopher, Thomomys idahoensis {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|21809}}
    • Mazama pocket gopher, Thomomys mazama {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|21810}}
    • Mountain pocket gopher, Thomomys monticola {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42596}}
    • Northern pocket gopher, Thomomys talpoides {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42597}}
    • Townsend's pocket gopher, Thomomys townsendii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42598}}
    • Southern pocket gopher, Thomomys umbrinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|21800}}
    • Family: Heteromyidae
    • Subfamily: Dipodomyinae
    • Agile kangaroo rat, Dipodomys agilis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|6684}}
    • California kangaroo rat, Dipodomys californicus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42599}}
    • Gulf Coast kangaroo rat, Dipodomys compactus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|6685}}
    • Desert kangaroo rat, Dipodomys deserti {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|6686}}
    • Texas kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|6675}}
    • Heermann's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys heermanni {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42600}}
      (Morro Bay kangaroo rat, D. h. morroensis: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Giant kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ingens {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|6678}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|6689}} (San Bernardino kangaroo rat, D. m. parvus: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys microps {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42603}}
    • Fresno kangaroo rat, Dipodomys nitratoides {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|6683}} (Fresno subspecies D. n. exilis and Tipton kangaroo rat, D. n. nitratoides: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Ord's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|6691}}
    • Panamint kangaroo rat, Dipodomys panamintinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42604}}
    • Banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|6693}}
    • Stephens' kangaroo rat, Dipodomys stephensi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|6682}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Dulzura kangaroo rat, Dipodomys simulans {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|136630}}
    • Narrow-faced kangaroo rat, Dipodomys venustus {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=Dven}} {{IUCN status|LC|42605}}
    • Big-eared kangaroo rat, Dipodomys (venustus) elephantinus {{refn|group=n|name=m|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002.[4]}}{{refn|group=n|name=Dven|Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] and IUCN Red List,[7] also probably North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] - Dipodomys elephantinus merged with D. venustus as D. venustus elephantinus.}}
      (D. venustus: {{IUCN status|LC|42605}})
    • Dark kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops megacephalus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42606}}
    • Pale kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops pallidus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42607}}
    • Subfamily: Heteromyinae
    • Mexican spiny pocket mouse, Liomys irroratus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|12074}}
    • Subfamily: Perognathinae
    • Bailey's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus baileyi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4328}}
    • California pocket mouse, Chaetodipus californicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4329}}
    • Chihuahuan pocket mouse, Chaetodipus eremicus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|136606}}
    • San Diego pocket mouse, Chaetodipus fallax {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4330}}
    • Long-tailed pocket mouse, Chaetodipus formosus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4331}}
    • Hispid pocket mouse, Chaetodipus hispidus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4333}}
    • Rock pocket mouse, Chaetodipus intermedius {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4334}}
    • Nelson's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus nelsoni {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4335}}
    • Desert pocket mouse, Chaetodipus penicillatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4336}}
    • Baja pocket mouse, Chaetodipus rudinoris {{refn|group=n|name=e|North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]}} {{IUCN status|LC|136837}}
    • Spiny pocket mouse, Chaetodipus spinatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4338}}
    • White-eared pocket mouse, Perognathus alticola {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|16631}}
    • Arizona pocket mouse, Perognathus amplus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16633}}
    • Olive-backed pocket mouse, Perognathus fasciatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42608}}
    • Plains pocket mouse, Perognathus flavescens {{refn|group=n|name=x2}} {{IUCN status|LC|16634}}
    • Silky pocket mouse, Perognathus flavus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16635}}
    • San Joaquin pocket mouse, Perognathus inornatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42609}}
    • Little pocket mouse, Perognathus longimembris {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16636}}
      (Pacific pocket mouse, P. l. pacificus: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Merriam's pocket mouse, Perognathus merriami {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16637}}
    • Great Basin pocket mouse, Perognathus parvus {{refn|group=n|name=x2}} {{IUCN status|LC|42610}}
    • Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
    • Subfamily: Zapodinae
    • Woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42612}}
    • Meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42613}}
      (Preble's meadow jumping mouse, Z. h. preblei: {{ESA status|T}})
    • Western jumping mouse, Zapus princeps {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42614}}
    • Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus trinotatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|23192}}
    • Family: Cricetidae
    • Subfamily: Arvicolinae
    • White-footed vole, Arborimus albipes {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|2017}}
    • Red tree vole, Arborimus longicaudus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|42615}}
    • California red tree mouse, Arborimus pomo {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|NT|2018}}
    • Western red-backed vole, Clethrionomys californicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42616}}
    • Southern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys gapperi {{refn|group=n|name=x2}} {{IUCN status|LC|42617}}
    • Northern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rutilus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|4975}}
    • Northern collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus {{refn|group=n|Northern collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with D. exsul.}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|42618}}
    • Nelson's collared lemming, Dicrostonyx nelsoni {{refn|group=n|Nelson's collared lemming, Dicrostonyx nelsoni: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] - mentioned only in the description of D. groenlandicus as possible split (D. exsul).}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|42620}}
    • Unalaska collared lemming, Dicrostonyx unalascensis {{refn|group=n|name=d|Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|DD|39974}}
    • Sagebrush vole, Lemmiscus curtatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42624}}
    • North American brown lemming, Lemmus trimucronatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|136712}}
    • Insular vole, Microtus abbreviatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|13425}}
    • Beach vole, Microtus breweri {{refn|group=n|name=g|Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] IUCN Red List.[7]}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|VU|13417}}
    • California vole, Microtus californicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|13427}} (ssp. scirpen: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Gray-tailed vole, Microtus canicaudus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42625}}
    • Rock vole, Microtus chrotorrhinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42626}}
    • Long-tailed vole, Microtus longicaudus {{refn|group=n|name=x2}} {{IUCN status|LC|42627}}
    • Mexican vole, Microtus mexicanus {{refn|group=n|name=Mmex|Mexican vole, Microtus mexicanus:
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List[7] - M. mexicanus.
      Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - only M. mogollonensis.
      North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] - M. mexicanus listed, but only M. mexicanus mogollensis (Arizona and New Mexico) described in "Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus)" chapter.
      IUCN Red List[7] - M. mexicanus sometimes split in two species: M. mexicanus and M. mogollonensis.[54][55]
      12 subspecies are recognized, 4 occur in the USA (1991[56]), Hualapai Mexican vole M. m. hualpaiensis is listed as endangered (E) under the Endangered Species Act.[3][56]}} {{IUCN status|LC|13443}}
      (including M. mogollonensis: {{IUCN status|LC|13443}}, ssp. hualpaiensis: {{ESA status|E}}))
    • Mogollon vole, Microtus mogollonensis {{refn|group=n|name=Mmex}}
      (sometimes split from M. mexicanus) (M. mexicanus: {{IUCN status|LC|13443}})
    • Singing vole, Microtus miurus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|42629}}
    • Montane vole, Microtus montanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42630}}
    • Prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42631}}
    • Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|13451}}
    • Creeping vole, Microtus oregoni {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42632}}
    • Meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|13452}} (Florida salt marsh vole, M. p. dukecampbelli: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Woodland vole, Microtus pinetorum {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42633}}
    • Water vole, Microtus richardsoni {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42634}}
    • Townsend's vole, Microtus townsendii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|13487}}
    • Taiga vole, Microtus xanthognathus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|42628}}
    • Round-tailed muskrat, Neofiber alleni {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14520}}
    • Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|15324}}
    • Western heather vole, Phenacomys intermedius {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42636}}
    • Eastern heather vole, Phenacomys ungava {{refn|group=n|name=j|North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] IUCN Red List.[7]}} {{IUCN status|LC|42637}}
    • Northern bog lemming, Synaptomys borealis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42638}}
    • Southern bog lemming, Synaptomys cooperi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42639}}
    • Subfamily: Neotominae
    • Northern pygmy mouse, Baiomys taylori {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|2466}}
    • White-throated woodrat, Neotoma albigula {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14582}}
    • Bushy-tailed woodrat, Neotoma cinerea {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42673}}
    • Arizona woodrat, Neotoma devia {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|14586}}
    • Eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42650}} (Key Largo woodrat, N. f. smalli: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Dusky-footed woodrat, Neotoma fuscipes {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14587}} (ssp. riparia: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Desert woodrat, Neotoma lepida {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14589}}
    • Bryant's woodrat, Neotoma bryanti [61] {{IUCN status|LC|117189944}}
    • White-toothed woodrat, Neotoma leucodon {{refn|group=n|name=e}} {{IUCN status|LC|136793}}
    • Big-eared woodrat, Neotoma macrotis {{refn|group=n|name=e}} {{IUCN status|LC|14597}}
    • Allegheny woodrat, Neotoma magister {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|NT|14581}}
    • Mexican woodrat, Neotoma mexicana {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14590}}
    • Southern plains woodrat, Neotoma micropus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14591}}
    • Stephen's woodrat, Neotoma stephensi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42651}}
    • Golden mouse, Ochrotomys nuttalli {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42674}}
    • Texas mouse, Peromyscus attwateri {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|42652}}
    • Brush mouse, Peromyscus boylii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16652}}
    • California mouse, Peromyscus californicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16654}}
    • Canyon mouse, Peromyscus crinitus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16656}}
    • Cactus mouse, Peromyscus eremicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16659}}
    • Northern Baja deer mouse, Peromyscus fraterculus {{refn|group=n|name=e}} {{IUCN status|LC|136412}}
    • Cotton mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42653}} (ssp. allapaticola: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Osgood's mouse, Peromyscus gratus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|16663}}
    • Northwestern deer mouse, Peromyscus keeni {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|135164}}
    • White-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16669}}
    • Deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16672}}
    • Black-eared mouse, Peromyscus melanotis {{refn|group=n|name=d}} {{IUCN status|LC|16678}}
    • Mesquite mouse, Peromyscus merriami {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16680}}
    • Northern rock mouse, Peromyscus nasutus {{refn|group=n|name=b}}{{refn|group=n|Northern rock mouse, Peromyscus nasutus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - mentioned only in the description of Zacatecan deer mouse, Peromyscus difficilis, that P. difficilis was formerly known as P. nasuts, so range is not clear because these species are merged here.}} {{IUCN status|LC|16682}}
    • White-ankled mouse, Peromyscus pectoralis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16684}}
    • Oldfield mouse, Peromyscus polionotus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42654}} (Choctawatchee beach mouse, P. p. allophrys, Perdido Key beach mouse, P. p. trissyllepsis, St. Andrews beach mouse, P. p. peninsularis, Alabama beach mouse, P. p. ammobates and Anastasia Island beach mouse, P. p. phasma: {{ESA status|E}}, Southeastern beach mouse, P. p. niveiventris: {{ESA status|T}})
    • Pinyon mouse, Peromyscus truei {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|16694}}
    • Florida mouse, Podomys floridanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|17830}}
    • Fulvous harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys fulvescens {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|19407}}
    • Eastern harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys humulis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42678}}
    • Western harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|19410}}
    • Plains harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys montanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|19413}}
    • Salt marsh harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys raviventris {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|19401}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
    • Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse, Onychomys arenicola {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|15337}}
    • Northern grasshopper mouse, Onychomys leucogaster {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|15338}}
    • Southern grasshopper mouse, Onychomys torridus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|15339}}
    • Coues' rice rat, Oryzomys couesi {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|15592}}
    • Marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x6|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.}} {{IUCN status|LC|42675}} (ssp. natator: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Arizona cotton rat, Sigmodon arizonae {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|20211}}
    • Tawny-bellied cotton rat, Sigmodon fulviventer {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20212}}
    • Hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20213}}
    • Yellow-nosed cotton rat, Sigmodon ochrognathus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|20217}}

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)


The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
    • Collared pika, Ochotona collaris {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|41257}}
    • American pika, Ochotona princeps {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41267}}
  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|2963}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Swamp rabbit, Sylvilagus aquaticus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41296}}
    • Desert cottontail, Sylvilagus audubonii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41297}}
    • Brush rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41302}} (ssp. riparius: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Manzano mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus cognatus {{refn|group=n|name=d}} {{IUCN status|DD|41309}} (formerly in Sylvilagus floridanus)
    • Eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41299}}
    • Mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41300}}
    • Appalachian cottontail, Sylvilagus obscurus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|NT|41301}}
    • Marsh rabbit, Sylvilagus palustris {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41303}} (Lower Keys marsh rabbit, S. p. hefneri: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Robust cottontail, Sylvilagus robustus {{refn|group=n|name=j}} {{IUCN status|EN|41310}}
    • New England cottontail, Sylvilagus transitionalis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|21212}}
    • Antelope jackrabbit, Lepus alleni {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|41272}}
    • Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41273}}
    • Black-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus californicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41276}}
    • White-sided jackrabbit, Lepus callotis {{refn|group=n|name=b}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|NT|11792}}
    • Alaskan hare, Lepus othus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|11795}}
    • White-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus townsendii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41288}}

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)


Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Soricinae
    • Tribe: Blarinini
    • Northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41451}}
    • Southern short-tailed shrew, Blarina carolinensis {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|41452}}
    • Everglades short-tailed shrew, Blarina peninsulae [6] (B. carolinensis {{IUCN status|LC|41452}})
    • Elliot's short-tailed shrew, Blarina hylophaga {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|41453}}
    • North American least shrew, Cryptotis parva {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41377}}
    • Tribe: Notiosoricini
    • Cockrum's gray shrew, Notiosorex cockrumi {{refn|group=n|name=e}} {{IUCN status|LC|136666}}
    • Crawford's gray shrew, Notiosorex crawfordi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41456}}
    • Tribe: Soricini
    • Glacier Bay water shrew, Sorex alaskanus [7]{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|DD|41384}}
    • Arctic shrew, Sorex arcticus {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|41385}}
    • Arizona shrew, Sorex arizonae {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|20396}}
    • Baird's shrew, Sorex bairdi {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|41387}}
    • Marsh shrew, Sorex bendirii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41389}}
    • Cinereus shrew, Sorex cinereus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41392}}
    • Maryland shrew, Sorex cinereus fontinalis [66][67]
    • Long-tailed shrew, Sorex dispar {{refn|group=n|Long-tailed Shrew Sorex dispar: IUCN Red List.[7]

      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] - as 2 distinct species: longtail/long-tailed shrew S. dispar and Gaspé shrew S. gaspensis.}} {{IUCN status|LC|41394}}
    • Gaspé shrew, Sorex gaspensis {{refn|group=n|Gaspé shrew Sorex gaspensis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] North American Mammals NMNH SI[5]}}
    • Smoky shrew, Sorex fumeus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41396}}
    • Prairie shrew, Sorex haydeni {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|41399}}
    • American pygmy shrew, Sorex hoyi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41400}}
    • Pribilof Island shrew, Sorex pribilofensis {{refn|group=n|name=x2}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|EN|20391}}
    • Saint Lawrence Island shrew, Sorex jacksoni {{refn|group=n|name=j}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|20390}}
    • Southeastern shrew, Sorex longirostris {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41401}}
    • Mount Lyell shrew, Sorex lyelli {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41402}}
    • Merriam's shrew, Sorex merriami {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41403}}
    • Montane shrew, Sorex monticolus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41405}}
    • Dwarf shrew, Sorex nanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41406}}
    • New Mexico shrew, Sorex neomexicanus {{refn|group=n|name=e}} {{IUCN status|DD|136608}}
    • Ornate shrew, Sorex ornatus {{refn|group=n|name=x2}} {{IUCN status|LC|41408}} (ssp. relictus: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Pacific shrew, Sorex pacificus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41409}}
    • American water shrew, Sorex palustris {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|41410}}
    • Preble's shrew, Sorex preblei {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41413}}
    • Olympic shrew, Sorex rohweri {{refn|group=n|name=j}} {{IUCN status|LC|136282}} (formerly in Sorex cinereus)
    • Fog shrew, Sorex sonomae {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|41418}}
    • Inyo shrew, Sorex tenellus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41419}}
    • Trowbridge's shrew, Sorex trowbridgii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41421}}
    • Tundra shrew, Sorex tundrensis {{refn|group=n|name=b}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|41422}}
    • Barren ground shrew, Sorex ugyunak {{refn|group=n|name=b}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|41423}}
    • Vagrant shrew, Sorex vagrans {{refn|group=n|name=x2}} {{IUCN status|LC|41425}}
    • Alaska tiny shrew, Sorex yukonicus {{refn|group=n|name=d}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|136542}}
  • Family: Talpidae (moles)
    • Subfamily: Scalopinae
    • Tribe: Condylurini
    • Star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41458}}
    • Tribe: Scalopini
    • Hairy-tailed mole, Parascalops breweri {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41469}}
    • Eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41471}}
    • Broad-footed mole, Scapanus latimanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41473}}
    • Coast mole, Scapanus orarius {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41474}}
    • Townsend's mole, Scapanus townsendii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41475}}
    • Subfamily: Talpinae
    • Tribe: Neurotrichini
    • Shrew-mole, Neurotrichus gibbsii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41468}}

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

  • Family: Vespertilionidae
    • Subfamily: Myotinae
    • Silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|11339}}
    • Southwestern myotis, Myotis auriculus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{refn|group=n|Southwestern myotis, Myotis auriculus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - mentioned only in the description of long-eared myotis, M. evotis, as possible split, occurring in southern N. Mexico.}} {{IUCN status|LC|14145}}
    • Southeastern myotis, Myotis austroriparius {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14147}}
    • California myotis, Myotis californicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14150}}
    • Western small-footed myotis, Myotis ciliolabrum {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|14153}}
    • Long-eared myotis, Myotis evotis {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|14157}}
    • Gray bat, Myotis grisescens {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|14132}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Keen's myotis, Myotis keenii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14171}}
    • Eastern small-footed myotis, Myotis leibii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14172}}
    • Little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14176}}
    • Dark-nosed small-footed myotis, Myotis melanorhinus {{refn|group=n|name=e}} {{IUCN status|LC|136784}}
    • Arizona myotis, Myotis occultus {{refn|group=n|name=i|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]}} {{IUCN status|LC|136650}}
    • Northern long-eared myotis, Myotis septentrionalis {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|14201}}
    • Indiana bat, Myotis sodalis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|14136}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Fringed myotis, Myotis thysanodes {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14206}}
    • Cave myotis, Myotis velifer {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14208}}
    • Long-legged myotis, Myotis volans {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14210}}
    • Yuma myotis, Myotis yumanensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14213}}
    • Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
    • Pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|1790}}
    • Big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|7928}}
    • Spotted bat, Euderma maculatum {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|8166}}
    • Allen's big-eared bat, Idionycteris phyllotis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|10790}}
    • Western red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii {{refn|group=n|name=g}} {{IUCN status|LC|11346}}
    • Eastern red bat, Lasiurus borealis {{refn|group=n|name=c|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] IUCN Red List.[7]}} {{IUCN status|LC|11347}}
    • Hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|11345}} (Hawaiian hoary bat, L. c. semotus: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Southern yellow bat, Lasiurus ega {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|11350}}
    • Northern yellow bat, Lasiurus intermedius {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|11352}}
    • Seminole bat, Lasiurus seminolus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|11353}}
    • Western yellow bat, Lasiurus xanthinus {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|41532}}
    • Evening bat, Nycticeius humeralis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14944}}
    • Western pipistrelle, Pipistrellus hesperus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|17341}}
    • Eastern pipistrelle, Pipistrellus subflavus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|17366}}
    • Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Plecotus rafinesquii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|17600}}
    • Townsend's big-eared bat, Plecotus townsendii {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|17598}}
      (ssp. virginianus and ingens: {{ESA status|E}})
  • Family: Molossidae
    • Wagner's bonneted bat, Eumops glaucinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|8244}}
    • Florida bonneted bat, Eumops floridanus [7] {{IUCN status|CR|136433}} {{ESA status|E}} (formerly in Eumops glaucinus)
    • Western mastiff bat, Eumops perotis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|8247}}
    • Underwood's bonneted bat, Eumops underwoodi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|8248}}
    • Velvety free-tailed bat, Molossus molossus {{refn|group=n|Velvety Free-tailed Bat: North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - it is believed that colonies found in buildings in the Florida Keys were members of Molossidae.}} {{IUCN status|LC|13648}}
    • Pocketed free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops femorosaccus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14994}}
    • Big free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops macrotis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|14996}}
    • Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|21314}}
  • Family: Mormoopidae
    • Ghost-faced bat, Mormoops megalophylla {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|13878}}
  • Family: Phyllostomidae
    • Subfamily: Phyllostominae
    • California leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus californicus {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|12652}}
    • Subfamily: Glossophaginae
    • Mexican long-tongued bat, Choeronycteris mexicana {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|4776}}
    • Lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x1}} {{IUCN status|VU|136659}} (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Greater long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris nivalis {{refn|group=n|Lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - mentioned only in the description of L. nivalis under the junior synonym[96] L. sanborni as possible split, so range is not clear here.}} {{IUCN status|EN|11697}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
    • Velvety fruit-eating bat, Enchisthenes hartii {{refn|group=n|name=d}} {{IUCN status|LC|2130}}
    • Subfamily: Desmodontinae
    • Hairy-legged vampire bat, Diphylla ecaudata {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|6628}}

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)


There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
    • Ocelot, Leopardus pardalis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|11509}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Margay, Leopardus wiedii {{refn|group=n|Margay: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).[6]
      Kays & Wilson 2002:[4] last record in Texas from 1852.[4]}} (Ex) {{IUCN status|NT|11511}}
    • Canadian lynx, Lynx canadensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|12518}} {{ESA status|T}}
    • Bobcat, Lynx rufus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|12521}}
    • Cougar, Puma concolor {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|18868}} {{ESA status|T(S/A)}}
      (except coryi, ssp. couguar and coryi: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Jaguarundi, Puma yagouaroundi {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|9948}}
      (Gulf Coast jaguarundi, P. y. cacomitli and Sinaloan Jauguarundi P. y. tolteca: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Subfamily: Pantherinae
    • Jaguar, Panthera onca {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|15953}} {{ESA status|E}}
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs)
    • Arctic fox, Alopex lagopus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only - introduced) {{IUCN status|LC|899}}
    • Kit fox, Vulpes macrotis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41587}} (ssp. mutica: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Swift fox, Vulpes velox {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|23059}} (ssp. hebes: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Red fox, Vulpes vulpes {{refn|group=n|name=t|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).[6]}}{{refn|group=n|Red fox, Vulpes vulpes: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as North American V. fulva distinct from the Old World species V. vulpes.}} {{IUCN status|LC|23062}}
    • Gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x5}} {{IUCN status|LC|22780}}
    • Island fox, Urocyon littoralis {{refn|group=n|name=b}}{{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|NT|22781}}
      (ssp. littoralis, catalinae, santarosae and santacruzae: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Coyote, Canis latrans {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|3745}}
    • Gray wolf, Canis lupus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|3746}} {{ESA status|E}} (and {{ESA status|XN}})
    • Arctic wolf, Canis lupus arctos {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|3746}} {{ESA status|E}} (and {{ESA status|XN}})
    • Eastern wolf, Canis (lupus) lycaon [106][107] (Ex??)
    • Red wolf, Canis rufus {{refn|group=n|name=l|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] IUCN Red List.[7]}} {{IUCN status|CR|3747}} {{ESA status|E}} (and {{ESA status|XN}})
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
    • American black bear, Ursus americanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41687}} {{ESA status|T(S/A)}}
      (Louisiana black bear U. a. luteolus: {{ESA status|T}})
    • Brown bear, Ursus arctos {{refn|group=n|Brown bear, Ursus arctos: Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as 2 distinct species: grizzly bear, U. horribilis and Kodiak bear, U. middendorffi, also distinct from the "worldwide" species U. arctos.}} {{IUCN status|LC|41688}}
      (includes grizzly bear, Ursus arctos horribilis: {{ESA status|T}}, {{ESA status|XN}} and
      Alaskan brown bear Ursus arctos middendorffi, also known as the Kodiak bear)
    • Polar bear, Ursus maritimus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|VU|22823}} {{ESA status|T}}
    • Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
    • Ring-tailed cat, Bassariscus astutus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41680}}
    • Raccoon, Procyon lotor {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41686}}
    • White-nosed coati, Nasua narica {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41683}}
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
    • Ermine, Mustela erminea {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|29674}}
    • Long-tailed weasel, Mustela frenata {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41654}}
    • Black-footed ferret, Mustela nigripes {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|14020}} {{ESA status|E}} (and {{ESA status|XN}})
    • Least weasel, Mustela nivalis {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|Least weasel, Mustela nivalis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as North American M. rixosa distinct from the Old World species M. nivalis.}} {{IUCN status|LC|14021}}
    • American mink, Neovison vison {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41661}}
    • Sea mink, †Neovison macrodon {{refn|group=n|name=d}} (E) {{IUCN status|EX|40784}}
    • American marten, Martes americana {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41648}}
    • Fisher, Martes pennanti {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41651}}
    • Wolverine, Gulo gulo {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|Wolverine, Gulo gulo: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as North American G. luscus distinct from the Old World species G. gulo.}} {{IUCN status|LC|9561}}
    • American badger, Taxidea taxus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41663}}
    • North American river otter, Lontra canadensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|12302}}
    • Sea otter, Enhydra lutris {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|7750}} (ssp. nereis and kenyoni: {{ESA status|T}}, ssp. nereis also {{ESA status|XN}})
    • Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
    • Northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|3590}}
    • Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as Guadalupe fur seal A. philippi, formerly A. townsendi.}} {{IUCN status|NT|2061}} {{ESA status|T}}
    • Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|8239}} {{ESA status|T}}
      (except west of 144° W, where {{ESA status|E}}) (ssp. monteriensis: {{IUCN status|LC|17345844}})
    • California sea lion, Zalophus californianus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41666}}
    • Family: Odobenidae
    • Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|DD|15106}}
    • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
    • Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata {{refn|group=n|name=i}} {{IUCN status|VU|6204}}
    • Bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|8010}}
    • Ribbon seal, Histriophoca fasciata {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska almost only) {{IUCN status|DD|41670}}
    • Northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|13581}}
    • Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi {{refn|group=n|name=d}} (Hawaiian Islands only) {{IUCN status|CR|13654}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Caribbean monk seal, †Monachus tropicalis {{refn|group=n|name=n|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]}} (E) {{IUCN status|EX|13655}}
    • Spotted seal, Phoca largha {{refn|group=n|name=b}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|DD|17023}} {{ESA status|T}}
    • Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|17013}}
    • Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus {{refn|group=n|name=k}} {{IUCN status|LC|41671}}
    • Ringed seal, Pusa hispida {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41672}}
    • Gray seal, Halichoerus grypus {{refn|group=n|name=i}} {{IUCN status|LC|9660}}
    • Family: Mephitidae
    • Western spotted skunk, Spilogale gracilis {{refn|group=n|name=b}} {{IUCN status|LC|136797}}
    • Eastern spotted skunk, Spilogale putorius {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x6}} {{IUCN status|LC|41636}}
    • Hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41634}}
    • Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41635}}
    • American hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus leuconotus {{refn|group=n|American hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus leuconotus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - as 2 distinct species: eastern hog-nosed skunk C. leuconotus and western hog-nosed skunk C. mesoleucus.}} {{IUCN status|LC|41632}}
      (merged with western hog-nosed skunk C. mesoleucus)

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)


The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
    • Collared peccary, Tayassu tajacu {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41777}}
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
    • Subfamily: Cervinae
    • Elk, Cervus canadensis {{refn|group=n|Elk, Cervus canadensis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] (species list from the database).
      Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] (Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List[7] - as "worldwide" C. elaphus (not North American C. canadensis).}} (sometimes as C. elaphus canadensis; C. elaphus: {{IUCN status|LC|41785}})
    • Subfamily: Capreolinae
    • Moose Alces americanus {{refn|group=n|Moose, Alces americanus: North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] - as North American A. americanus (distinct from Eurasian elk A. alces).

      Alces alces: IUCN Red List,[7] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002.[4]}} {{IUCN status|LC|41782}} (sometimes as Alces alces)
    • Mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42393}}
    • White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42394}} (Columbian white-tailed deer, O. v. leucurus, and key deer, O. v. clavium: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Caribou, Rangifer tarandus {{refn|group=n|Caribou, Rangifer tarandus: Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as 3 distinct species: woodland caribou, R. caribou, barren-ground caribou, R. arcticus and Greenland caribou R. tarandus.}} {{IUCN status|LC|29742}}
      (includes migratory woodland caribou, R. t. caribou: {{ESA status|E}},
      see also: barren-ground caribou, R. t. groenlandicus)
  • Family: Antilocapridae (pronghorn)
    • Pronghorn, Antilocapra americana {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|1677}} (Sonoran pronghorn, A. a. sonoriensis: {{ESA status|E}})
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
    • American bison, Bison bison {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|2815}} (wood bison, B. b. athabascae: {{ESA status|T}})
    • †Bison occidentalis [143] (E)
    • Subfamily: Caprinae
    • Muskox, Ovibos moschatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|29684}}
    • Mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42680}}
    • Bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|15735}} (desert bighorn sheep, O. c. nelsoni and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep, O. c. sierrae: {{ESA status|E}})
    • Dall sheep, Ovis dalli {{refn|group=n|name=a}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|LC|39250}}

Order: Proboscidea (elephants and allies)

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants and mammoths)
    • Woolly mammoth, †Mammuthus primigenius [144] (E)

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)


Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands.

  • Family: Dugongidae
    • Steller's sea cow, †Hydrodamalis gigas [7] (E) {{IUCN status|EX|10303}}
  • Family: Trichechidae
    • West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|22103}} {{ESA status|E}}
      (Antillean or Caribbean manatee: {{IUCN status|EN|22105}}, ssp. latirostris - Florida manatee: {{IUCN status|EN|22106}})

Order: Cetacea (whales)


The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenidae
    • Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x4|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - only general range description.}} (Alaska almost only) {{IUCN status|LC|2467}} (Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea subpopulation: {{IUCN status|LC|2468}})
    • North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|EN|41712}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica {{refn|group=n|name=e}} (A) (Hawaiian Islands only) {{IUCN status|EN|41711}} {{ESA status|E}}
      (Northeast Pacific subpopulation: {{IUCN status|CR|133706}})
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
    • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
    • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|2474}}
    • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|EN|2475}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni {{refn|group=n|name=c}} (A) {{IUCN status|DD|2476}}
    • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|EN|2477}} {{ESA status|E}} (ssp. brevicauda - pygmy blue whale: {{IUCN status|DD|2479}}, ssp. musculus North Pacific stock: {{IUCN status|LR/cd|2482}})
    • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|EN|2478}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Subfamily: Megapterinae
    • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|13006}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Family: Eschrichtiidae
    • Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|8097}} {{ESA status|E}}
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
    • Family: Monodontidae
    • Narwhal, Monodon monoceros {{refn|group=n|name=l}}{{refn|group=n|name=x4}} (Alaska only) {{IUCN status|NT|13704}}
    • Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|6335}} {{ESA status|E}} (Cook Inlet subpopulation: {{IUCN status|CR|61442}})
    • Family: Phocoenidae
    • Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|17027}}
    • Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|17032}}
    • Family: Physeteridae
    • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|VU|41755}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Family: Kogiidae
    • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|11047}}
    • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima {{refn|group=n|name=c}} (Hawaiian Islands only) {{IUCN status|DD|11048}}
    • Family: Ziphiidae
    • Subfamily: Ziphiinae
    • Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|23211}}
    • Subfamily: Berardiinae
    • Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|2763}} (collective name for two species - Baird's beaked whale and Arnoux's beaked whale)
    • Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
    • Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|10707}}
    • Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|13241}}
    • Hubbs' beaked whale, Mesoplodon carlhubbsi {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|13243}}
    • Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|13244}}
    • Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|13245}}
    • Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|13246}}
    • Hector's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hectori {{refn|group=n|name=h}} (A) {{IUCN status|DD|13248}}
    • True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|13250}}
    • Perrin's beaked whale, Mesoplodon perrini {{refn|group=n|name=j}} {{IUCN status|DD|41759}}
    • Pygmy beaked whale, Mesoplodon peruvianus {{refn|group=n|pygmy beaked whale: Kays & Wilson 2002:[4] one record in North America, Division of Mammals Collections NMNH SI:[148] two strandings in California (2001 and 2012).}} (A) {{IUCN status|DD|13251}}
    • Stejneger's beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|13252}}
    • Tropical bottlenose whale, Indopacetus pacificus [149] (Hawaiian Islands only) {{IUCN status|DD|40635}}
    • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
    • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|20738}}
    • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|22563}}
    • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|20729}}
    • Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene {{refn|group=n|name=g}} {{IUCN status|DD|20730}}
    • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|20731}}
    • Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis {{refn|group=n|name=g}} {{IUCN status|DD|20732}}
    • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|20733}}
    • Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis {{refn|group=n|name=g}} {{IUCN status|DD|6337}}
    • Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|6336}}
    • Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei {{refn|group=n|name=h}} {{IUCN status|LC|11140}}
    • Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|11141}}
    • White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris {{refn|group=n|name=g}} {{IUCN status|LC|11142}}
    • Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|11145}}
    • Northern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|12125}}
    • Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|9461}}
    • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra {{refn|group=n|name=g}} {{IUCN status|LC|16564}}
    • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata {{refn|group=n|name=c}}{{refn|group=n|name=x4}} {{IUCN status|DD|8551}}
    • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|18596}}
    • Killer whale, Orcinus orca {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|15421}} {{ESA status|E}}
    • Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|DD|9249}}
    • Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|DD|9250}}

Introduced animals


  • Family: Myocastoridae
    • Coypu, Myocastor coypus {{refn|group=n|name=r|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] IUCN Red List.[7]}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|14085}}
  • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
    • Red-bellied squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster {{refn|group=n|name=h|Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] IUCN Red List.[7]}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|20006}}
  • Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
    • Subfamily: Murinae
    • House mouse, Mus musculus {{refn|group=n|House Mouse: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] IUCN Red List.[7]
      Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - only general range description.}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|13972}}
    • Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans {{refn|group=n|name=d}}{{refn|group=n|Polynesian rat[159][160]}} (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) {{IUCN status|LC|19330}}
    • Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus {{refn|group=n|name=m}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|19353}}
    • Roof rat, Rattus rattus {{refn|group=n|name=m}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|19360}}
  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus {{refn|group=n|European Rabbit: & Wilson 2002[4] - range not clear (islands on Pacific Coast).
      Introduced to Hawaii.[162]}} (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) {{IUCN status|NT|41291}} (I) {{IUCN status|NT}}
    • Cape hare, Lepus capensis [4] (I) {{IUCN status|LC|41277}}
    • European hare, Lepus europaeus {{refn|group=n|name=k|Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|41280}}
  • Family: Cebidae (capuchin and squirrel monkeys)
    • Common squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus {{refn|group=n|name=d}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|12554}}
  • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
    • Rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta {{refn|group=n|name=d}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|12554}}
    • Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata [167] (I) {{IUCN status|LC|12552}} {{ESA status|T}}
    • Vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus [167] (I) {{IUCN status|LC|136271}}
  • Family: Felidae (cats)
    • Feral cat, Felis (silvestris) catus {{refn|group=n|Feral Cat: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - Wildcat, Felis silvestris (USA), Baker et al. 2003[170] (North America north of Mexico) - Feral cat F. catus.}} (I) (F. silvestris: {{IUCN status|LC|8543}})
  • Family: Herpestidae (mongoose)
    • Small Asian mongoose {{refn|group=n|name=d}} Herpestes javanicus (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) {{IUCN status|LC|41614}}
  • Family: Canidae (dogs)
    • Feral dog, Canis lupus familiaris {{refn|group=n|Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - packs of feral domestic dogs Canis familiaris (USA), Baker et al. 2003[170] (North America north of Mexico) - Feral dog, C. familiaris.}} (I)
  • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
    • Beech marten, Martes foina [7] (I) {{IUCN status|LC|29672}}
  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Feral pig or wild boar, Sus scrofa {{refn|group=n|Sus scrofa: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - Wild Boar (Swine), Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - Wild Boar, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - Wild boar - feral populations, IUCN Red List[7] - Wild boar - introduced (USA), Baker et al. 2003[170] (North America north of Mexico) - feral pig or wild boar.}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|41775}}
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
    • Fallow deer, Dama dama {{refn|group=n|name=f|Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]}}[182] (I) {{IUCN status|LC|42188}}
    • Chital, Axis axis {{refn|group=n|name=f}}{{refn|group=n|Chital - free-ranging.[183]}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|41783}}
    • Hog deer, Hyelaphus porcinus [7][185] (I) {{IUCN status|EN|41784}}
    • Sambar, Rusa unicolor {{refn|group=n|name=h}}{{refn|group=n|Sambar - free ranging.[182]}} (I) {{IUCN status|VU|41790}}
    • Red deer, Cervus elaphus {{refn|group=n|Red deer, elaphus division (not canadensis division) - introduced i.e. to USA.[6]}} (I) ({{IUCN status|LC|41785}}, including wapiti as C. e. canadensis)
    • Sika, Cervus nippon {{refn|group=n|name=f}}[182] (I) {{IUCN status|LC|41788}}
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus {{refn|group=n|name=f}}{{refn|group=n|Nilgai - semi-free-ranging[183]/free-ranging.[182]}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|2893}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|2893}}
    • Feral cattle, Bos (primigenius) taurus {{refn|group=n|Feral Cattle: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - Aurochs, Bos taurus - feral populations (USA), Baker et al. 2003[170] (North America north of Mexico) - domestic cattle Bos taurus.
      For example feral cattle in Hawaii.[193][194]}} (I)
    • Subfamily: Hippotraginae
    • Gemsbok, Oryx gazella {{refn|group=n|Gemsbok - free ranging.[195][196]}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|15573}}
    • Subfamily: Antilopinae
    • Blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra {{refn|group=n|name=f}}{{refn|group=n|Blackbuck - free ranging.[182][183][196][200]}} (I) {{IUCN status|NT|1681}}
    • Bezoar ibex, Capra aegagrus aegagrus {{refn|group=n|Bezoar ibex - free-ranging: Florida Mountains near Deming New Mexico.[196]}} (I) {{IUCN status|LC|42397}}
    • Mouflon, Ovis orientalis {{refn|group=n|Mouflon: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - Red sheep Ovis aries - Mouflon introduced, improved domestic stock feral (USA), Baker et al. 2003[170] (North America north of Mexico) - European mouflon sheep Ovis aries.
      Feral sheep - free-ranging - Hawaii[204] and Texas.[205]}} (I) {{IUCN status|VU|15739}}
    • Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia {{refn|group=n|name=f}}{{refn|group=n|Barbary Sheep - free ranging.[182][183]}} (I) {{IUCN status|VU|1151}}
    • Feral goat, Capra aegagrus hircus {{refn|group=n|Feral Goat: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - goat C. hircus - feral populations (USA), Baker et al. 2003[170](North America north of Mexico) - goat Capra hircus.
      Goat - free-ranging, Hawaii.[204]}} (I)
  • Family: Equidae (horses and allies)
    • Feral donkey, Equus africanus asinus [6] (I) (See also: Burro)
    • Feral horse, Equus ferus caballus {{refn|group=n|Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - Horse Equus ferus - feral in USA (incl. Hawaiian Isls), Baker et al. 2003[170] (North America north of Mexico) - feral horse, Equus caballus.}} (I) (See also: Mustang)

See also

  • List of mammals of North America
  • List of threatened mammals of the United States
  • List of chordate orders
  • List of regional mammals lists
  • List of prehistoric mammals
  • Mammal classification
  • New mammal species

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 {{cite book |last1 = Burt |first1 = William Henry (Text and Maps) |last2 = Grossenheider |first2 = Richard Philip (Illustrations) | year = 1976 | series = Peterson Field Guides |title = A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico |edition = Third |location = Boston, New York |publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company |isbn = 0-395-91098-6 }}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 {{cite book |last1 = Kays |first1 = Roland W. |last2 = Wilson |first2 = Don E. | others = Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin | year = 2002 |title = Mammals of North America |location = Princeton and Oxford |publisher = Princeton University Press |isbn = 0-691-07012-1 }}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 {{cite web |url = http://www.mnh.si.edu/mna/ |title = North American Mammals |publisher = Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of Natural History |accessdate= April 1, 2014 |quote = This site is based on The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, by Don E. Wilson and Sue Ruff (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999) and Mammals of North America, by Roland W. Kays and Don E. Wilson (Princeton University Press, 2002). }} Downloaded on March 25, 2014
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 * {{cite book | editor1-last = Wilson | editor1-first = D. E. | editor2-last = Reeder | editor2-first = D. M. |title = Mammal Species of the World | url = http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/ |edition = 3rd | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn = 0-8018-8221-4 }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 {{cite web |url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/link/533709d0-7943b95b |title = Search Results: Mammalia USA 2014-03-29 | website = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>|publisher = IUCN |year = 2013 |accessdate= April 1, 2014 | quote = Search terms Search by taxonomy: MAMMALIA, Search by location: United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation). Downloaded on 29 March 2014 }}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite journal | author = Robert J. Baker | author2 = Lisa C. Bradley | author3 = Robert D. Bradley| author4 = Jerry W. Dragoo | author5 = Mark D. Engstrom| author6 = Robert S. Hoffmann | author7 = Cheri A. Jones | author8 = Fiona Reid | author9 = Dale W. Rice | author10 = Clyde Jones | last-author-amp = yes |date = December 1, 2003 |title = Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003 |url = http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/publications/opapers/ops/op229.pdf |journal = Occasional Papers | number = 229 | publisher = Museum of Texas Tech University | issn = 0149-175X | accessdate = March 9, 2014}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |title = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |publisher = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |accessdate = March 5, 2014}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?rgn=div8&node=50:2.0.1.1.1.2.1.1 |title = Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife. |publisher = US Government Printing Office |accessdate = March 28, 2014}}
9. ^1 {{IUCN |id = 13443 |taxon = Microtus mexicanus |assessor = Álvarez-Casta?eda, S.T. |assessor2 = Reid, F. |last-assessor-amp = yes |assessment_year = 2008 |version = 2013.2 |accessdate = April 2, 2014 }}
10. ^1 {{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13801174 | heading = Leptonycteris yerbabuenae}}
11. ^1 {{MSW3 Muroidea|id=13000277|heading=Microtus (See comments.) mexicanus}}
12. ^1 2 {{cite book |author=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |year=1991 |title=Hualpai Mexican Vole Recovery Plan |url= http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/arizona/Documents/RecoveryPlans/HualapaiMexicanVole.pdf |location=Albuquerque, New Mexico |publisher= |pages=28 pp. |accessdate= April 2, 2014}}
13. ^1 {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Fred |editor1-first=C. R |editor1-last=Veitch |editor2-first=M. N |editor2-last=Clout |editor3-first=D. R |editor3-last=Towns |others=Study authors S. C. Hess and J. D. Jacobi. |title= Island invasives: eradication and management. |publisher=IUCN |year=2011 |pages=67–73 |chapter=The history of mammal eradications in Hawai`i and the United States associated islands of the Central Pacific |location=Gland, Switzerland |url=http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/island_invasives/pdfHQprint/1Hess.pdf |accessdate=April 8, 2014}}
14. ^1 {{cite book |last = Whitford |first = Walter G. |title = Ecology of Desert Systems |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ4hZbXS8IcC&pg=PA323#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher = Elsevier Science |date = April 2002 |edition = 1st |isbn = 9780127472614 |accessdate= April 2, 2014}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite book |author= |title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia Of North American Mammals: A Comprehensive Guide To Mammals Of North America |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VxK4KWrGn2cC&pg=PT619&lpg=PT619#v=onepage&q&f=false |series = Mobi Reference |publisher = MobileReference |date = January 7, 2010 |isbn = 9781605012797 |accessdate = April 2, 2014}}
16. ^1 {{Cite journal | author = Taylor, B.L. | author2 = Baird, R. | author3 = Barlow, J. | author4 = Dawson, S.M. | author5 = Ford, J. | author6 = Mead, J.G. | author7 = Notarbartolo di Sciara, G. | author8 = Wade, P. | author9 = Pitman, R.L. | last-author-amp = yes | title = Indopacetus pacificus | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2008 | page = e.T40635A10345818 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/40635/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T40635A10345818.en | access-date = 16 January 2018}}
17. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.wolfquest.org/wolf_easterntimber.php |title = WolfQuest. Eastern Timber Wolf (Canis lups lycaon) |publisher = Minnesota Zoo & Eduweb |accessdate = April 2, 2014}}
18. ^1 {{cite journal |last = Mech |first = L.D. |title = What is the taxonomic identity of Minnesota wolves? |url = http://www.wolf.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/305taxonomicidentity.pdf |journal = Can. J. Zool. |number = 88 |pages = 129–138 |year = 2010 |publisher = NRC Research Press |doi = 10.1139/Z09-129 |accessdate = April 2, 2014}}
19. ^1 {{cite book |last1 = Whitaker |first1 = John O. |last2 = Hamilton |first2 = William John |title = Mammals of the Eastern United States |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5fVymWAez-YC&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39#v=onepage&q&f=false |edition = 3rd |publisher = Cornell University Press |date = June 28, 1998 |isbn = 9780801434754 |accessdate = April 2, 2014}}
20. ^1 {{MSW3 Soricomorpha| id = 13700479 | heading = Sorex (Otisorex) cinereus}}
21. ^1 {{Cite journal |last = Crossen |first = K. S. | title = 5,700-Year-Old Mammoth Remains from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska: Last Outpost of North America Megafauna |url = https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_97313.htm | journal = Geological Society of America | volume = 37 | page = 463 | year = 2005 |accessdate = April 3, 2014 }}
22. ^1 {{cite journal |last = Hall |first = Stephen Austin |title = Holocene Bison occidentalis from Iowa |journal = Journal of Mammalogy |volume = 53 |issue = 3 |date = Aug 1972 |pages = 604–606 |jstor = 1379052 }}
23. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/mammals/ |title=Search the Division of Mammals Collections |date= |website= |publisher= |accessdate= |quote=Keywords: Mesoplodon peruvianus: STR 13453 Stranding, Skull, Salinas State Beach, Monterey Bay, California, 2001, STR 18334: Stranding, Photograph, Arcata, Humboldt County, California, 2012}}
24. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Cox |first=George W. |year=1999 |title=Alien Species in North America and Hawaii |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3JxX8-Bva3oC&pg=PA180#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=Island Press |location=Washington DC |isbn=1-55963-679-3 |accessdate=April 4, 2014}}
25. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.scirecordbook.org/european-mouflon-north-america-introduced/ |title=European Mouflon - North America Introduced | work = Big Game Hunting Records - Safari Club International Online Record Book |date=2007–2014 |publisher=Safari Club International |accessdate=April 5, 2014}}
26. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Deal |first=Kevin |year=2010 |title=Wildlife and Natural Resource Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nn849iR4YysC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=Cengage Learning |edition=3rd |isbn=1-4354-5401-4 |accessdate=April 5, 2014}}
27. ^1 {{cite journal | last = Williams | first = J. Morgan | year = 1973 | title = The Ecology of Rattus exulans (Peale) Reviewed | url = http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/787/v27n2-120-127.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Pacific Science | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 120–127 | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | issn = 0030-8870 }}
28. ^1 {{IUCN | id = 19330 | taxon = Rattus exulans | assessor = Ruedas, L. | assessor2 = Heaney, L. | assessor3 = Molur, S. | last-assessor-amp = yes | assessment_year = 2008 | version = 2013.2 | accessdate = March 13, 2014 }}
29. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last1=Bowers |first1=Nora |last2=Bowers |first2=Rick |last3=Kaufmann |first3=Kenn |year=2004 |title=Mammals of North America |series=Kaufman focus guides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4U9QA6IXoI0C&pg=PA168&lpg=PA168#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |location=New York |isbn=0-618-15313-6 |accessdate=April 4, 2014}}
30. ^1 2 3 4 EXOTICS IN TEXAS by: Max Traweek and Roy Welch. April 1992. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Reproduced From PWD-BK-W7000-206 5/92
31. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/vis/natural-history/fauna/domestic-cow.html |title = Domestic Cow - Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station |publisher = Mauna Kea Support Services / Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station |year = 2010 |accessdate= March 30, 2014 }}
32. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.hawaiihistory.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&CategoryID=254 |title=Introduction of Cattle - Hawaii History - The Paniolo |publisher=HawaiiHistory.org |year=2014 |accessdate=March 30, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111122851/http://www.hawaiihistory.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&CategoryID=254 |archivedate=January 11, 2014 |df= }}
33. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.scirecordbook.org/blackbuck-north-america-introduced/ |title=Blackbuck - North America Introduced | work = Big Game Hunting Records - Safari Club International Online Record Book |date=2007–2014 |publisher=Safari Club International |accessdate=April 5, 2014}}
34. ^1 {{IUCN2013.2 |id = 41784 |title = Axis porcinus |assessor = Timmins, R. |assessor2 = Duckworth, J.W. |assessor3 = Samba Kumar, N. |assessor4 = Anwarul Islam, M. |assessor5 = Sagar Baral, H. |assessor6 = Long, B. |assessor7 = Maxwell, A. |last-assessor-amp = yes |year = 2012 |downloaded = April 4, 2014 }}
35. ^1 {{Cite journal | author = Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T., Lacher, T. & Vázquez, E. | title = Neotoma bryanti | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2017 | page = e.T117189944A22371413 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2017 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/117189944/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T117189944A22371413.en | access-date = 16 January 2018}}
  • Species listed in Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) as occurring in the USA, but omitted in this article: Pteronotus pristinus - possibly Florida.

References

{{Reflist|refs=[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |last1 = Kays |first1 = Roland W. |last2 = Wilson |first2 = Don E. | others = Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin | year = 2002 |title = Mammals of North America |location = Princeton and Oxford |publisher = Princeton University Press |isbn = 0-691-07012-1 }}
  • {{cite book |last1 = Burt |first1 = William Henry (Text and Maps) |last2 = Grossenheider |first2 = Richard Philip (Illustrations) | year = 1976 | series = Peterson Field Guides |title = A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico |edition = Third |location = Boston, New York |publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company |isbn = 0-395-91098-6 }}
  • {{cite journal | author = Robert J. Baker | author2 = Lisa C. Bradley | author3 = Robert D. Bradley| author4 = Jerry W. Dragoo | author5 = Mark D. Engstrom| author6 = Robert S. Hoffmann | author7 = Cheri A. Jones | author8 = Fiona Reid | author9 = Dale W. Rice | author10 = Clyde Jones | last-author-amp = yes |date = December 1, 2003 |title = Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003 |url = http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/publications/opapers/ops/op229.pdf |journal = Occasional Papers | number = 229 | publisher = Museum of Texas Tech University | issn = 0149-175X | accessdate = March 9, 2014}}

External links

  • American Society of Mammalogists
  • Databases: Division of Mammals: Department of Vertebrate Zoology: NMNH - i.e. printable Field Guide to mammals of North America
  • Search the Division of Mammals Collections - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
  • Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) - database of mammalian taxonomy
  • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Search results: mammalia, USA, 2014-03-29)
  • Endangered Species Program - US Fish & Wildlife Service
  • Species Search - US Fish & Wildlife Service
  • Endangered Species Act - National Marine Fisheries Service - NOAA
  • List of Endangered and threatened wildlife - US Government Printing Office
{{Lists of mammals by U.S. state}}{{North America topic|List of mammals of}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Mammals Of The United States}}

2 : Lists of mammals by location|Mammals of the United States
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