“List of mammals of Turkey”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Turkey. There are 127 mammal species in Turkey, of which 2 are critically endangered, 2 are endangered, 14 are vulnerable, and 3 are near-threatened.^[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and picas)

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea except for gray whale.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Even-toed ungulates' weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

See also

Notes

1. ^This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
2. ^¹{{cite journal|authors=Frantzis A., Alexiadou P., Paximadis G., Politi E., Gannier A., Corsini-Foka M.|year=2003|title=Current knowledge of the cetacean fauna of the Greek Seas|url=http://cetaceanalliance.org/download/literature/Frantzis_etal_2003.pdf|format=pdf|journal=Journal of Cetacean Research and Management |volume=5 |issue=3|pages=219–232|publisher=International Whaling Commission|accessdate=2016-04-16}}
3. ^Stranding of a minke whale on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey.
4. ^Киты в Черном море (cached){{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
5. ^¹[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266459808_Update_on_the_Cetacean_Fauna_of_the_Mediterranean_Levantine_Basin Update on the Cetacean Fauna of the Mediterranean Levantine Basin]
6. ^{{cite journal|authors=Monsarrat S., Pennino G. M., Smith D. T., Reeves R.R., Meynard N. C., Kaplan M. D., Rodrigues L. S. A. |year=2015|title=Historical summer distribution of the endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis): a hypothesis based on environmental preferences of a congeneric species|url=http://www.cefe.cnrs.fr/images/D_BC/eq_DPB/Perso/ana_rodrigues/pdfs/Monsarrat_etal_2015_DiversDistributions.pdf|format=pdf|pages=925–937|journal=Diversity and Distributions |volume=21 |publisher=|accessdate=2016-04-21 |doi=10.1111/ddi.12314}}
7. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7kUAPDt_B4 Mediterranean Whale Spotted off Dead Sea Coast]
8. ^2016. [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B682wgTUA8QicWhralY3VDRNakk/view New Publication: New records of Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) from the Turkish Levantine Sea]
9. ^¹²Street Boys of the Bosphorus - Dolphins in Istanbul Strait