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词条 List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM
释义

  1. Precursors 1889–1910

  2. Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, 1911

  3. Acquisitions during 1912–1999

      1912–1929   1930–1949  1950–1969  1970–1989  1990–1999 

  4. Acquisitions since 2000

  5. Spinoffs

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}

The following is a partial list of IBM precursors, amalgamations, acquisitions and spinoffs. IBM has undergone a large number of such during a corporate history lasting over a century; the company has also produced a number of spinoffs during that time.

The acquisition date listed is the date of the agreement between IBM and the subject of the acquisition. The value of each acquisition is listed in USD because IBM is based in the United States. If the value of an acquisition is not listed, then it is undisclosed.

Many of the companies listed in this article had subsidiaries of their own who had subsidiaries who ... For examples, see Pugh's book Building IBM, page 26.[1]

{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

Precursors 1889–1910

Herman Hollerith initially did business under his own name, as The Hollerith Electric Tabulating System, specializing in punched card data processing equipment.[2] In 1896 he incorporated as the Tabulating Machine Company.

  • 1889 Bundy Manufacturing Company incorporated.
  • 1891 Computing Scale Company incorporated.
  • 1893 Dey Patents Company (soon renamed the Dey Time Register Company) incorporated.
  • 1894 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester, New York) incorporated.
  • 1896
    • Detroit Automatic Scale Company incorporated.
    • Hollerith incorporates the Tabulating Machine Company. Will be reincorporated in 1905.
  • 1899 Standard Time Stamp Company acquired by Bundy Manufacturing Company.
  • 1900
    • International Time Recording Company incorporated, acquiring the time-recording business of the Bundy Manufacturing Company and the Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester).
    • Chicago Time-Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
    • Dayton Moneyweight Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
    • Detroit Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
  • 1905 Hollerith reincorporates as The Tabulating Machine Company.[3]
  • 1907 Dey Time Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
  • 1908 Syracuse Time Recorder Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.

Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, 1911

Since the 1960s or earlier, IBM has described its formation as a merger of three companies: The Tabulating Machine Company (1880s origin in Washington, DC), the International Time Recording Company (ITR; 1900, Endicott), and the Computing Scale Company of America (1901, Dayton, Ohio).[4][5][6] However, there was no merger, it was an amalgamation, and an amalgamation of four, not three, companies.[7] The 1911 CTR stock prospectus states that the Bundy Manufacturing Company was also included.[8]

While ITR had acquired its time recording business in 1900 Bundy had remained a separate entity producing an adding machine and other wares.

  • The Tabulating Machine Company
  • Computing Scale Corporation
  • International Time Recording Company
  • Bundy Manufacturing Company

CTR owned the stock of the four companies; CTR neither produced nor sold any product; the four companies continued to operate, as before, under their own names.

Acquisitions during 1912–1999

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

1912–1929

  • 1917
    • American Automatic Scale Company acquired as International Scale Company.
    • CTR consolidates three already-existing Canadian companies: The Canadian Tabulating Machine Co., Ltd, the International Time Recording Co. of Canada, Ltd., and the Computing Scale Co. of Canada, Ltd., in a new holding company, International Business Machines Co., Ltd.[9]
  • 1921
    • Pierce Accounting Machine Company (asset purchase).
    • Ticketograph Company (of Chicago).
  • 1923
    • Dehomag[10]
  • 1924
    • CTR was renamed "IBM".

1930–1949

  • 1930 Automatic Accounting Scale Company.
  • 1932 National Counting Scale Company.
  • 1933 The separate companies were integrated in 1933 as IBM and the holding company eliminated.[11]
  • 1933 Electromatic Typewriters Inc. (See: IBM Electromatic typewriter)
  • 1941 Munitions Manufacturing Corporation.

1950–1969

  • 1959 Pierce Wire Recorder Corporation.
  • 1964 Science Research Associates.

1970–1989

  • 1974 CML Satellite Corporation; renamed Satellite Business Systems (SBS).
  • 1984 ROLM
  • 1986 RealCom Communications Corporation.
{{col-2}}

1990–1999

  • 1993
    • {{ill|CGI Informatique|fr}} (France), bought in 1993, ran independently until 1996, and was then progressively absorbed by IBM, country by country, this process being achieved in 1999.
  • 1994
    • Transarc (Transarc Corporation bought by IBM in 1994, became part of IBM proper in 1999 as the IBM Pittsburgh Lab)[12]
  • 1995
    • Lotus Development Corporation for $3.5 billion.
    • ISM Canada
    • K3 Group Ltd.
  • 1996
    • Wilkerson Group
    • Tivoli Systems, Inc. for $743 million.
    • Data Sciences Ltd, prior to 1991 named Thorn EMI Software, for £95 million.
    • Object Technology International (OTI) is acquired by IBM
    • Cyclade Consultants (Netherlands)
    • Fairway Technologies
  • 1997
    • Software Artistry for $200 million.
    • Unison Software.
    • Dominion Semiconductor (Manassas, VA) is created by forming a 50/50 joint venture with Toshiba to produce 64MB and 256MB DRAM chips. Administrative offices are located in Building 131 the former IBM Federal Systems campus now primarily owned by Lockheed Martin; the new state-of-the-art fabrication facility was built from on adjacent land.
  • 1998
    • CommQuest Technologies.
    • DataBeam Corporation, Lexington, KY
    • Ubique Ltd., Israel
  • 1999
    • Dascom Technologies (USA), A subsidiary of Dascom Holdings.
    • Mylex Corporation.
    • Sequent Computer Systems for $810 million.
{{col-end}}

Acquisitions since 2000

Number of acquisitions per year according to table below:

  • In 2018 IBM acquired 3 companies
  • In 2017 IBM acquired 3 companies
  • In 2016 IBM acquired 12 companies
  • In 2015 IBM acquired 13 companies
  • In 2014 IBM acquired 4 companies
  • In 2013 IBM acquired 9 companies
  • In 2012 IBM acquired 9 companies
  • In 2011 IBM acquired 8 companies
Acquisition DateCompanyBusinessCountryValue (USD)References
2001|June|7}} Mainspring Business strategy consultingUSA}}${{nts|80000000}}[13]
2001|July|2}} Informix Corporation Database softwareUSA}}${{nts|1000000000}}[14]
2002|Jan|14}} CrossWorlds Software, Inc. SoftwareUSA}}${{nts|129000000}}[15]
2002|June|25}} Metamerge Identity managementNOR}}[16]
2002|Aug|19}} Trellisoft, Inc. Enterprise storageUSA}}[17]
2002|Sep|12}} Holosofx, Inc. Business Process ManagementUSA}}, {{flag|EGY}}[18]
2002|Oct|2}} PWC Consulting from PricewaterhouseCoopers Business Consulting and Technology ServicesUSA}}${{nts|3500000000}}[19]
2002|Oct|6}} Access360 SoftwareUSA}}[20]
2002|Oct|7}} EADS Matra Datavision Product lifecycle managementUSA}}[21]
2002|Nov|15}} Tarian Software Records ManagementCAN}}[22]
2003|Feb|21}} Rational Software Corporation Software DevelopmentUSA}}${{nts|2100000000}}[23]
2003|May|14}} Think Dynamics SoftwareCAN}}[24]
2003|July|1}} Information Laboratory SoftwareUSA}}[25]
2003|July|15}} Aptrix SoftwareAUS}}[26]
2003|Oct|17}} CrossAccess Corporation Enterprise Information IntegrationUSA}}[27]
2003|Nov|13}} Productivity Solutions, Inc. Automated Self-Checkout SystemsUSA}}[28]
2003|Dec|17}} Green Pasture Software, Inc. Content management softwareUSA}}[29]
2004|April|6}} Trigo Technologies Product information managementUSA}}[30]
2004|April|7}} Daksh e-Services BPO ServicesIND}}${{nts|170000000}}[31]
2004|April|13}} Business Continuity Services unit of Schlumberger IT ServicesFRA}}[32]
2004|June|7}} Candle Corporation Infrastructure managementUSA}}[33]
2004|July|14}} Alphablox Corporation Business IntelligenceUSA}}[34]
2004|July|29}} Cyanea Systems Application management softwareUSA}}[35]
2004|Oct|7}} Venetica Enterprise Information IntegrationUSA}}[36]
2004|Nov|19}} Systemcorp ALG Ltd. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) softwareCAN}}[37]
2004|Nov|23}} Liberty Insurance Services Business process servicesUSA}}[38]
2004|Dec|1}} Maersk Data and DMdata from Maersk IT ServicesDEN}}[39]
2004|Dec|13}} KeyMRO Procurement ServicesFRA}}[40]
2005|Jan|7}} Systems Research & Development Identity managementUSA}}[41]
2005|March|16}} Corio Application ServicesUSA}}${{nts|182000000}}[42]
2005|April|29}} Ascential Software Corporation Enterprise Information IntegrationUSA}}${{nts|1100000000}}[43]
2005|May|10}} Gluecode Software Application ServerUSA}}[44]
2005|June|23}} Meiosys Application ManagementUSA}}, {{flag|FRA}}[45]
2005|July|25}} PureEdge Solutions, Inc. Electronic FormsCAN}}[46]
2005|July|27}} Isogon Corporation Asset ManagementUSA}}[47]
2005|Aug|2}} DWL Enterprise Information IntegrationUSA}}, {{flag|CAN}}[48]
2005|Oct|14}} DataPower Technology, Inc. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)USA}}[49]
2005|Nov|1}} iPhrase Systems, Inc. Information management softwareUSA}}[50]
2005|Nov|10}} Network Solutions Pvt Ltd IT ServicesIND}}
2005|Nov|15}} Collation, Inc. Network managementUSA}}[51]
2005|Dec|20}} Bowstreet, Inc. Portal-based toolsUSA}}[52]
2006|Jan|27}} ARGUS Semiconductor Software From INFICON Semiconductor Manufacturing softwareUSA}}[53]
2006|Jan|20}} CIMS Lab, Inc. IT Financial ManagementUSA}}[54]
2006|Feb|8}} Viacore, Inc. Supply chain optimizationUSA}}[55]
2006|Feb|14}} Micromuse, Inc. Network managementUSA}}${{nts|865000000}}[56]
2006|March|16}} Language Analysis Systems Identity managementUSA}}[57]
2006|May|2}} BuildForge, Inc. Software DevelopmentUSA}}[58]
2006|May|5}} Unicorn Solutions, Inc. Metadata managementUSA}}[59][60]
2006|June|27}} Rembo Technology Installation SoftwareSUI}}[61]
2006|Aug|1}} Webify Solutions, Inc Service Oriented Architecture softwareUSA}}[62]
2006|Sep|6}} Global Value Solutions IT ServicesBRA}}[63]
2006|Oct|4}} DORANA product line from Ubiquity Pty Limited Asset ManagementAUS}}[64]
2006|Oct|5}} MRO Software Asset ManagementUSA}}${{nts|740000000}}[65]
2006|Oct|12}} FileNet Corporation Content management softwareUSA}}${{nts|1600000000}}[66]
2006|Oct|20}} Internet Security Systems (ISS) Information securityUSA}}${{nts|1300000000}}[67]
2006|Oct|20}} Palisades Technology Partners Management consultingUSA}}[68]
2007|Jan|22}} Consul Risk Management, Inc. Information securityNED}}[69]
2007|Feb|13}} Vallent Corporation Telecommunications ManagementUSA}}[70]
2007|March|1}} Softek Storage Solutions Corporation Data MobilityUSA}}[71]
2007|March|18}} BlackDot Networks, Inc. Enterprise Data ConsultingUSA}}
2007|April|20}} Unicible IT ServicesSWI}}${{nts|460000000}}[72]
2007|July|20}} Watchfire Corporation Security Software TestingUSA}}[73]
2007|Aug|21}} WebDialogs Web conferencing and communicationsUSA}}[74]
2007|Aug|31}} DataMirror Corporation Change Data CaptureCAN}}${{nts|161000000}}[75]
2007|Sept|7}} Qinnova, Inc. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)CAN}}[76]
2007|Sep|10}} Princeton Softech, Inc. Business IntelligenceUSA}}[77]
2007|Oct|24}} NovusCG Storage Consulting and Technology ServicesUSA}}[78]
2008|Jan|2}} XIV Enterprise storageISR}}Over $300M[79]
2008|Jan|18}} AptSoft Corporation Business IntelligenceUSA}}[80]
2008|Jan|29}} Solid Information Technology Database softwareUSA}}, {{flag|FIN}}[81]
2008|Jan|31}} Cognos Business IntelligenceCAN}}${{nts|5000000000}}[82]
2008|Jan|31}} Arsenal Digital Solutions Data backup servicesUSA}}[83]
2008|Feb|15}} Net Integration Technologies Inc. Business Server SoftwareCAN}}[84]
2008|March|11}} Encentuate, Inc. Enterprise Single Sign-OnUSA}}[85]
2008|April|3}} Telelogic AB Enterprise software developmentSWE}}${{nts|845000000}}[86]
2008|April|18}} Diligent Technologies Data De-duplicationUSA}}$200,000,000[87]
2008|April|21}} FilesX Application Recovery SoftwareUSA}}, {{flag|ISR}}[88]
2008|April|29}} InfoDyne Corporation Data Feed ConnectorsUSA}}[89]
2008|July|02}} Platform Solutions Mainframe, System Z technologiesUSA}}[90]
2008|July|28}} ILOG Business Rules Management SystemsFRA}}$340,000,000[91]
2008|Nov|18}} Transitive Corporation Virtualization SoftwareUSA}}, {{flag|UK}}[92]
2009|Jan|15}} Outblaze's E-Mail Service Assets Online messaging and collaborationHKG}}[93]
2009|May|05}} Exeros Assets Data Discovery SoftwareUSA}}[94]
2009|July|28}} SPSS Inc. Statistical analysis softwareUSA}}$1,200,000,000[95]
2009|July|28}} Ounce Labs Source code analysisUSA}}[96]
2009|September|22}} RedPill Solutions Analytics and OptimisationSGP}}[97]
2009|November|30}} Guardium Database monitoring and protectionUSA}}, {{flag|ISR}}[98]
2009|December|16}} Lombardi Business Process ManagementUSA}}[99]
2010|January|20}} National Interest Security Company, LLC Public sector consultingUSA}}[100]
2010|February|03}} Initiate Systems Data integrity softwareUSA}}[101]
2010|February|16}} Intelliden Inc. Network Automation softwareUSA}}[102]
2010|May|3}} Cast Iron Systems Cloud IntegrationUSA}}$190,000,000 [103][104]
2010|May|24}} Sterling Commerce Business software integrationUSA}}$1,400,000,000[105]
2010|June|15}} Coremetrics Web AnalyticsUSA}}[106]
2010|July|01}} BigFix, Inc. Security and IT automation softwareUSA}}[107]
2010|July|29}} Storwize Data CompressionUSA}}$140,000,000[108]
2010|August|10}} Datacap Data capture and Content ManagementUSA}}[109]
2010|August|13}} Unica Corporation Marketing planning softwareUSA}}$480,000,000[110]
2010|September|15}} OpenPages Integrated risk management solutionsUSA}}[111]
2010|September|20}} Netezza Data warehousing and analyticsUSA}}$1,700,000,000[112]
2010|September|27}} BLADE Network Technologies NetworkingUSA}}[113]
2010|October|13}} PSS Systems Legal risk managementUSA}}[114]
2010|October|21}} Clarity Systems Financial governanceCAN}}$350,000,000[115]
2011|March|22}} Tririga Inc. Facility and Real Estate ManagementUSA}}[116]
2011|August|31}} i2 Limited Intelligence AnalyticsUK}}[117]
2011|September|1}} Algorithmics Inc.[118] Risk ManagementCAN}}$387,000,000[119]
2011|October|4}} Q1 Labs[120] Security IntelligenceUSA}}[121]
2011|October|12}} Platform Computing Cluster and Grid Management SoftwareCAN}}[122]
2011|December|05}} Cúram Software Smarter CitiesIRL}}[123]
2011|December|08}} DemandTec Cloud-based Retail AnalyticsUSA}}$440,000,000[124]
2011|December|15}} Emptoris Supply Chain AnalyticsUSA}}[125]
2012|January|04}} Green Hat (software company)[126] Cloud based software testingUSA}}, {{flag|UK}}[127]
2012|January|31}} Worklight Software Development FirmISR}}$70,000,000[128][129]
2012|April|13}} Varicent Compensation and Sales Performance Management Software SolutionsCAN}}[130]
2012|April|25}} Vivisimo Enterprise Search SoftwareUSA}}[131]
2012|May|2}} Tealeaf Technology Customer Experience Analytics SoftwareUSA}}[132]
2012|August|16}} Texas Memory Systems Solid State StorageUSA}}[133]
2012|August|27}} Kenexa Corporation Human Capital SolutionsUSA}}${{formatnum:1400000000}}[134][135]
2012|September|24}} Butterfly Software Ltd. Data Analysis and Migration SoftwareUK}}[136]
2012|December|19}} StoredIQ Big Data AnalysisUSA}}[137]
2013|February |1}} Star Analytics Business AnalyticsUSA}}[138][139]
2013|April |22}} UrbanCode Software delivery automationUSA}}[140]
2013|June |04}} SoftLayer Technologies Cloud Computing InfrastructureUSA}}$2,000,000,000[141][142]
2013|July |09}} CSL International Cloud ComputingISR}}Not Disclosed[143]
2013|August |15}} Trusteer Cyber SecurityISR}}$1,000,000,000[144][145]
2013|September |19}} Daeja Image Systems Viewer for document management systemsUK}}Not disclosed[146]
2013|October |1}} The Now Factory Mobile Networks Big Data AnalyticsIRL}}Not disclosed[147]
2013|October |3}} Xtify In-app mobile messaging and push notification toolsUSA}}Not disclosed[148]
2013|November |13}} Fiberlink Communications Mobile Device ManagementUSA}}$330,000,000[149]
2013|December |19}} Aspera, Inc. Data Transfer TechnologyUSA}}Not disclosed[150]
2014|February |24}} Cloudant, Inc. Database-as-a-ServiceUSA}}Not disclosed[151]
2014|April|10}} Silverpop Systems, Inc. Behavioral Marketing AutomationUSA}}Not disclosed[152]
2014|May|19}} Cognea Cognitive computing (conversational artificial intelligence platform)USA}}Not disclosed[153]
2014|July|31}} CrossIdeas Cloud Security (Identity and Access Governance)ITA}}Not disclosed[154]
2014|August|11}} Lighthouse Security Group Cloud SecurityUSA}}Not disclosed[155]
2015|March|04}} AlchemyAPI Natural language processing, big dataUSA}}Not disclosed[156]
2015|March|27}} Blekko Web Search Engine, Cognitive ComputingUSA}}Not disclosed[157]
April 13, 2015ExplorysHealthcare analyticsUSA}}Not disclosed[158]
April 13, 2015PhytelHealth management softwareUSA}}Not disclosed[159]
June 3, 2015BlueboxPrivate Cloud as a ServiceUSA}}Not disclosed[160]
July 23, 2015Compose Inc.Database as a ServiceUSA}}Not disclosed[161][161]
August 6, 2015Merge Healthcare Inc.Healthcare imaging softwareUSA}}$1,000,000,000[162]
September 10, 2015StrongLoop Inc.Mobile API capabilitiesUSA}}Not disclosed[163]
September 28, 2015Meteorix LLCConsulting services for Workday applicationsUSA}}Not disclosed[164]
October 28, 2015The Weather Company digital assetsWeather data sources and analytics, related online and mobile productsUSA}}Not disclosed[165][166][167]
November 3, 2015Gravitant, IncCloud brokerage software and cloud managementUSA}}Not disclosed[168]
November 6, 2015CleversafeObject-based storage softwareUSA}}$1,309,000,000[169][170]
December 8, 2015ClearleapCloud-based video managementUSA}}Not disclosed[171]
January 15, 2016Iris AnalyticsReal time transaction fraud detectionGER}}Not disclosed[172]
January 21, 2016 Ustream Streaming videoUSA}}Not disclosed[173]
January 28, 2016 Resource/Ammirati Digital marketing and creative agencyUSA}}Not disclosed[174]
February 2, 2016 Aperto AG Digital marketing and creative agencyGER}}Not disclosed[175]
February 3, 2016 ecx.io AG Digital marketing and creative agencyGER}}Not disclosed[176]
February 18, 2016 Truven Health Analytics Provider of cloud-based healthcare data, analytics and insightsUSA}}$2,600,000,000[177]
February 29, 2016 Resilient Systems Cyber security, incident response platformUSA}}Not disclosed[178]
March 18, 2016 Optevia Specialist provider of Microsoft Dynamics CRM based solutions and associated services to the public sectorUK}}Not disclosed[179]
March 31, 2016Blue Wolf Group LLCSalesforce systems integrator and professional servicesUSA}}$200,000,000[180]
June 1, 2016EZSourceApplication discovery and dashboard visualizationISR}}Not disclosed[181]
September 29, 2016Promontory Financial GroupRisk management and regulatory complianceUSA}}Not disclosed[182]
October 27, 2016Sanovi TechnologiesHybrid cloud recoveryIND}}Not disclosed[183]
February 3, 2017Agile 3 SolutionsInformation securityUSA}}Not disclosed[184]
May,2,2017Verizon - Cloud servicesCloud servicesUSA}}Not disclosed[185]
May 31, 2017XCC (division of TIMETOACT)Collaboration softwareGER}}Not disclosed[186]
September,24,2017CloudigoData Center CompanyIsrael}}Not disclosed[187]
October 5, 2017Vivant DigitalInnovation ConsultancyAUS}}Not disclosed[188]
May 3, 2018Armanta, Inc.Aggregation/analytics software for financial services firmsUSA}}Not disclosed[189]
June 15, 2018Oniqua Holdings Pty Ltd.Intelligent maintenance repair and operations (MRO) solutionsUSA}}{{flag|AUS}}Not disclosed[190]
October 28, 2018 Red Hat Provider of open source software and solutionsUSA}}${{nts|34000000000}}[191]

Spinoffs

  • 1934 Dayton Scale Division is sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company.
  • 1942 Ticketograph Division is sold to the National Postal Meter Company.
  • 1958 Time Equipment Division is sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company.
  • 1974 Service Bureau Corporation sold to Control Data Corporation
  • 1984 Prodigy, formerly a joint venture with Sears, Roebuck and Company.
  • 1985 Satellite Business Systems sold to MCI Communications
  • 1988 Copier/Duplicator business, including service and support contracts, sold to Eastman Kodak.[192][193]
  • ARDIS mobile packet network, a joint venture with Motorola. Now [https://web.archive.org/web/20000620141220/http://www.motient.com/ Motient].
  • 1991 Lexmark (keyboards, typewriters, and printers). IBM retained a 10% interest. Lexmark has sold its keyboard and typewriter businesses.
  • 1991 Kaleida, a joint Multimedia software venture with Apple Computer.
  • 1992 Taligent, a joint software venture with Apple Computer.
  • 1992 IBM Commercial Multimedia Technologies Group, spun off to form private company Fairway Technologies.
  • 1992 IBM sells its remaining 50 percent stake in the Rolm Company to Siemens A.G. of Germany.[194]
  • 1994 [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720014442/http://www.xyratex.com/ Xyratex] enterprise data storage subsystems and network technology, formed in a management buy-out from IBM.
  • 1995 Advantis (Advanced Value-Added Networking Technology of IBM & Sears), a voice and data network company. Joint Venture with IBM holding 70%, Sears holding 30%. AT&T acquires the infrastructure portion of Advantis in 1999, becoming the AT&T Global Network. IBM retained business and strategic outsourcing portions of the joint venture.
  • 1994 Federal Systems Division sold to Loral becoming Loral Federal Systems. The Federal Systems Division performed work for NASA. Loral was later acquired by Lockheed Martin.
  • 1996 Celestica, Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS).
  • 1998 IBM Global Network sold to AT&T to form AT&T Business Internet.
  • 1999 Dominion Semiconductor (DSC) IBM sells its 50% share to JV partner Toshiba. DSC becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Toshiba.
  • 2001 Information Services Extended department, developer of specialized databases and software for telephone directory assistance, is spun off to form privately held company ISx, Inc (later sold to Local Matters).
  • December 31, 2002 IBM sells its HDD business to Hitachi Global Storage Technologies for approximately $2 billion. Hitachi Global Storage Technologies now provides many of the hardware storage devices formerly provided by IBM, including IBM hard drives and the Microdrive. IBM continues to develop storage systems, including tape backup, storage software and enterprise storage.
  • December 2004 Lenovo acquires 90% interest in IBM Personal Systems Group, 10,000 employees and $9 billion in revenue.
  • April 3, 2006 Web analytics provider Coremetrics acquires SurfAid Analytics, a standalone division of IBM Global Services. The deal was said to be in the "eight-figure" range, making it worth at least $10 million. (Note: Since then Coremetrics has in turn been acquired by IBM)
  • January 25, 2007 Three-year joint venture with IBM Printing Systems division and Ricoh to form new Ricoh-owned subsidiary, InfoPrint Solutions Company, for $725 million.
  • September 2009 IBM launches online business IT video advice service in association with GuruOnline.
  • September 2009 IBM sells its U2 multivalue database and application development products (created by VMark, UniData, System Builder and Prime Computer, obtained via the Informix acquisition) to Rocket Software
  • April 2012 IBM sells its Retail Store Solutions division (Point-of-Sales) to Toshiba TEC [195]
  • January 2014 IBM sells its IBM System x business to Lenovo for $2.3 billion.[196]
  • October 2014 IBM sells its microelectronics (computer chips) business to GlobalFoundries. IBM will pay GlobalFoundries $1.5 billion over 3 years to take over the business.[197]
  • December 2014 UNICOM Global Acquires IBM Rational Focal Point and IBM Rational Purify Plus [198]
  • January 2015 IBM sells Algorithmics Collateral to SmartStream Technologies [199]
  • December 2015 UNICOM Global Acquires IBM Rational System Architect [200]

See also

  • Category:IBM subsidiaries
  • Friden Flexowriter[201]
  • List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple
  • List of acquisitions by eBay
  • List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet
  • List of mergers and acquisitions by Facebook
  • List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft
  • List of mergers and acquisitions by Twitter

References

1. ^{{cite book |last= Pugh |first= Emerson W. |title= Building IBM |publisher= MIT |year= 1995 |page=26}}
2. ^Austrian, 1982, p. 153.
3. ^Engelbourg, 1954, p. 52.
4. ^Austrian (1982) p.312
5. ^Belden, Martin; Belden, Marva (1961). The Lengthening Shadow - The Life of Thomas J. Watson, Little, Brown; p.92
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/logo/logo_4.html| title=IBM Archives: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (1911-1924)}}
7. ^[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/06/10/104783303.pdf NY Times June 10, 1911 Tabulating Concerns Unite: Flint & Co. Bring Four Together with $19,000,000 capital]
8. ^{{cite book |last1= Bennett|first1= Frank P. |author2=Company |title= United States Investor |volume= 22, Part 2 |date=17 June 1911 |publisher= |page=1298 (26) | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BQkhAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA26&dq=hollerith+intitle:investor&hl=en&ei=yWPFTu-5NOSaiAKi0dTNBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=hollerith%20intitle%3Ainvestor&f=false }}
9. ^Moody's 1918 Manual of Railroads and Corporation Securities
10. ^{{cite book | last = Aspray (ed.) |first = William | title = Computing Before Computers |publisher = Iowa State University Press | year = 1990 |isbn = 0-8138-0047-1 |page = 137}}
11. ^{{cite book |last= Rodgers |first= Williams |title= THINK |publisher= Stein and Day |year= 1969 |page=83}}
12. ^{{cite web | title = Acquisition To Bolster Ibm's Networking | work = Bloomberg Business News | publisher = SunSentinel.com | date = 17 August 1994 | url = http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1994-08-17/business/9408160445_1_transarc-transaction-processing-ibm | accessdate = 2 November 2011}}
13. ^{{cite press release | title = IBM Completes Mainspring Acquisition | publisher = IBM | date = 2001-06-07 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/1219.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
14. ^{{cite press release | title = IBM Completes Acquisition of Informix Database Assets | publisher = IBM | date = 2001-07-02 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/1174.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
15. ^{{cite press release | title = IBM Completes Acquisition of CrossWorlds Software | publisher = IBM | date = 2002-01-14 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/947.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
16. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Metamerge, Adds Directory Integration Software to IBM's Infrastructure Portfolio | publisher = IBM | date =2002-06-25 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/631.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
17. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires TrelliSoft, Extends Leadership in Storage Management Software Market | publisher = IBM | date =2002-08-29 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/547.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
18. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Holosofx to Extend WebSphere Business Integration Software Portfolio | publisher = IBM | date =2002-09-12 | url = http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/534.wss| accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
19. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM, PricewaterhouseCoopers Complete Sale of PwC Consulting | publisher = IBM | date =2002-10-02 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/491.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
20. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Access360 | publisher = IBM | date =2002-09-03 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/545.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
21. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM To Acquire EADS Matra Datavision | publisher = IBM | date =2002-10-07 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/481.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
22. ^{{cite press release | title = IBM Completes Acquisition Of Tarian Software| publisher = IBM | date =2002-11-15 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/428.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
23. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Rational Software | publisher = IBM | date =2003-02-21 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/314.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
24. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Think Dynamics | publisher = IBM | date =2003-05-13 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/214.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
25. ^{{cite press release | title = Missing Ref | publisher = IBM | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
26. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Aptrix; Strengthens its Software Portfolio with Web Content Management Software | publisher = IBM | date =2003-07-15 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/5531.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
27. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire CrossAccess Technology, Extends Leadership in Information Integration | publisher = IBM | date =2003-10-14 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/6140.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
28. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Retail Self-Checkout Leader, PSI | publisher = IBM | date =2003-11-13 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/6335.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
29. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Green Pasture Software, Extends Leadership in Enterprise Content Management | publisher = IBM | date =2003-12-17 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/6504.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
30. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Trigo Technologies | publisher = IBM | date =2004-04-06 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/6968.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
31. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM in $170m Indian call centre deal | publisher =IBM | date =2004-04-07 | url =http://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/bus/html/dakshnews_07apr04-ft.html | accessdate =2008-10-27 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
32. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires the Business Continuity Services unit of Schlumberger | publisher = IBM | date =2004-04-13 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/6998.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
33. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Candle Corporation | publisher = IBM | date =2004-06-07 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7160.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
34. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Alphablox Corporation, Strengthens Leadership in Business Intelligence | publisher = IBM | date =2004-07-14 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7223.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
35. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM To Acquire Cyanea | publisher = IBM | date =2004-07-29 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7245.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
36. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Venetica | publisher = IBM | date =2004-10-07 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7327.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
37. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Systemcorp | publisher = IBM | date =2004-12-19 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7410.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
38. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Liberty Insurance Services | publisher = IBM | date =2004-11-23 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7415.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
39. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Increases Consulting and IT Services Capability with Acquisitions and Seals Services Deals Worth in Excess of $1 Billion | publisher = IBM | date =2004-12-01 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7432.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
40. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire KeyMRO, Procurement Services Leader in Europe and North America | publisher = IBM | date =2004-12-13 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7455.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
41. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires SRD, Breaks New Ground in Identity Resolution Software | publisher = IBM | date =2005-01-07 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7471.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
42. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Corio | publisher = IBM | date =2005-03-16 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7567.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
43. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition Of Ascential Software | publisher = IBM | date =2005-05-02 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7642.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
44. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Gluecode Software; Acquisition Builds On IBM Support For Open Source Technology; Expands Customer And Business Partner Choice For WebSphere Software | publisher = IBM | date =2005-05-10 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7658.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
45. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Meiosys | publisher = IBM | date =2005-06-23 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7755.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
46. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Formally Acquires PureEdge Solutions Inc., Pledges Support for Emerging Electronic Forms Standard Called Xforms | publisher = IBM | date =2005-08-05 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7820.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
47. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Isogon Corporation | publisher = IBM | date =2005-07-27 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7811.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
48. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Formally Acquires DWL, Enhancing Data Integration Portfolio | publisher = IBM | date =2005-09-01 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7867.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
49. ^{{cite press release | title =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7952.wss | publisher = IBM | date =2005-10-18 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7934.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
50. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires the Business of iPhrase Systems, Inc. | publisher = IBM | date =2005-11-01 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7952.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
51. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Collation | publisher = IBM | date =2005-11-16 | url =http://www-306.ibm.com/software/tivoli/welcome/collation/press.html | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
52. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Bowstreet, Inc. to Help Customers Quickly Create Portals that Integrate Existing Business Applications | publisher = IBM | date =2005-12-20 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/19064.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
53. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires ARGUS Semiconductor Software From INFICON | publisher = IBM | date =2006-01-27 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/19160.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
54. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires CIMS Lab, Inc. | publisher = IBM | date =2006-01-25 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/19153.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
55. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Enhance Its Supply Chain BTO Offering | publisher = IBM | date =2006-02-08 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/19228.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
56. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Micromuse Inc. | publisher = IBM | date =2006-02-15 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/19247.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
57. ^{{cite press release | title =Ibm To Acquire Language Analysis Systems, Inc. | publisher = IBM | date =2006-03-16 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/19394.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
58. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires BuildForge, Inc. to Help Organizations Meet Compliance Demands | publisher = IBM | date =2006-05-02 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/19604.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
59. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires the Business of Unicorn Solutions, Inc. | publisher =IBM | date =2006-05-08 | url =http://www-01.ibm.com/software/swnews/swnews.nsf/n/hhal6pgmpm?OpenDocument&Site=software | accessdate =2008-06-02 | deadurl =yes | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080619024008/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/swnews/swnews.nsf/n/hhal6pgmpm?OpenDocument&Site=software | archivedate =2008-06-19 | df = }}
60. ^{{cite press release|title=IBM Acquires the Business of Unicorn Solutions, Inc. Archived version from web.archive.org |publisher=IBM |date=2008-06-19 |url=http://www-01.ibm.com/software/swnews/swnews.nsf/n/hhal6pgmpm?OpenDocument&Site=software |accessdate=2008-06-02 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619024008/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/swnews/swnews.nsf/n/hhal6pgmpm?OpenDocument&Site=software |archivedate=2008-06-19 |df= }}
61. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM To Acquire Rembo Technology to Automate Software Installation | publisher = IBM | date =2006-05-18 | url =http://www-306.ibm.com/software/tivoli/welcome/rembo/press.html | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
62. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Webify | publisher = IBM | date =2006-08-02| url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20058.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
63. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Full Ownership of Brazilian SMB Services Firm Global Value Solutions | publisher = IBM | date =2006-09-06| url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20206.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
64. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Ubiquity's DORANA Product Line | publisher = IBM | date =2006-10-04 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20389.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
65. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of MRO Software, Inc. | publisher = IBM | date =2006-10-05 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20397.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
66. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of FileNet Corporation | publisher = IBM | date =2006-10-12 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20429.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
67. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Internet Security Systems | publisher = IBM | date =2006-10-20 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20468.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
68. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes the Acquisition of Palisades Technology Partners | publisher = IBM | date =2006-11-10 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20598.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
69. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Consul | publisher = IBM | date =2007-01-24 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20964.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
70. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Vallent | publisher = IBM | date =2007-02-14 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21076.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
71. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Softek | publisher = IBM | date =2007-03-01 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21164.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
72. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM and Switzerland's Banque Cantonale Vaudoise in $460 Million, 5-Year Services Agreement | publisher = IBM | date =2007-04-20 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21397.wss | accessdate = 2010-09-27}}
73. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Watchfire | publisher = IBM | date =2007-07-23 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21921.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
74. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires WebDialogs to Expand Web Conferencing Capabilities in Industry-Leading Lotus Sametime | publisher = IBM | date =2007-08-22 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/22210.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
75. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of DataMirror | publisher = IBM | date =2007-09-04 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/22282.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
76. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Formally Acquires PureEdge Solutions Inc., Pledges Support for Emerging Electronic Forms Standard Called Xforms | publisher = IBM | date =2005-09-13 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/7820.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
77. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Princeton Softech | publisher = IBM | date =2007-09-13 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/22318.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
78. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Storage Solutions Company NovusCG | publisher = IBM | date =2007-10-24 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/22476.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
79. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires XIV | publisher = IBM | date =2008-01-02 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23200.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
80. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires AptSoft to Expand Portfolio in Burgeoning Business Events Software Market | publisher = IBM | date =2008-01-23 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23376.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
81. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Solid Information Technology to Broaden Information on Demand Portfolio | publisher = IBM | date =2007-12-21 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/22921.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
82. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Cognos | publisher = IBM | date =2008-01-31 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23423.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
83. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Arsenal Digital Solutions | publisher = IBM | date =2008-02-01 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23404.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
84. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Reaches Agreement to Acquire Net Integration Technologies Inc. | publisher = IBM | date =2008-01-18 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23325.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
85. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Encentuate | publisher = IBM | date =2008-03-12 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23653.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
86. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Telelogic AB | publisher = IBM | date =2008-04-03 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23792.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
87. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Storage Company Diligent Technologies | publisher = IBM | date =2008-04-18 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23929.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
88. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of FilesX | publisher = IBM | date =2008-04-21 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23967.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
89. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires InfoDyne to Create World-Class Platform for Market Data Delivery | publisher = IBM | date =2008-04-29 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/23996.wss | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}
90. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Platform Solutions | publisher = IBM | date =2008-07-02 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/24560.wss | accessdate = 2009-03-23}}
91. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Announces Plans to Acquire ILOG | publisher = IBM | date =2008-07-28 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/24740.wss | accessdate = 2008-07-29}}
92. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Announces Plans to Acquire Transitive | publisher = IBM | date =2008-11-18 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/26106.wss | accessdate = 2009-03-23}}
93. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Announces Intent to Acquire Outblaze's E-Mail Service Assets | publisher = IBM | date =2009-01-15 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/26486.wss | accessdate = 2009-03-23}}
94. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Exeros Assets | publisher = IBM | date =2009-05-05 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/27215.wss | accessdate = 2009-05-05}}
95. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire SPSS Inc. to Provide Clients Predictive Analytics Capabilities | publisher = IBM | date =2009-07-28 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/27936.wss | accessdate = 2009-07-28}}
96. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Ounce Labs, Inc. | publisher = IBM | date =2009-07-28 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/27971.wss | accessdate = 2009-07-28}}
97. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires RedPill Solutions | publisher =IBM | date =2009-09-22 | url =http://www.redpillsolutions.com | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20021001091706/http://www.redpillsolutions.com/ | dead-url =yes | archive-date =2002-10-01 | accessdate =2009-09-22 }}
98. ^{{cite news | url=http://news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/ibm-acquires-guardium-13777 | title=IBM Acquires Guardium | publisher=Taume News | date=2009-11-30 | accessdate=2009-12-01 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202093051/http://news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/ibm-acquires-guardium-13777 | archivedate=2009-12-02 | df= }}
99. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Lombardi | publisher = IBM | date =2009-12-16 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/28890.wss | accessdate = 2009-12-16}}
100. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to National Interest Security Company | publisher = IBM | date =2010-01-20 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/29225.wss | accessdate = 2010-01-20}}
101. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Initiate Systems | publisher = IBM | date =2010-02-03 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/29305.wss | accessdate = 2010-02-04}}
102. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Intelliden Inc. | publisher = IBM | date =2010-02-16 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/29323.wss | accessdate = 2010-02-16}}
103. ^{{cite news | title = The Huge Value Sequoia Capital And Other Venture Capitalists Help Create | publisher = TechCrunch | date=2010-09-27 | url = https://techcrunch.com/2010/09/27/sequoia-capital-12-billion-exits/ | accessdate = 2012-01-21}}
104. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Advances Cloud Initiatives with Acquisition of Cast Iron Systems| publisher = IBM | date =2010-02-16 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/30580.wss | accessdate = 2010-05-03}}
105. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Agrees to Acquire Sterling Commerce from AT&T for $1.4 Billion | publisher = IBM | date =2010-05-24 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/31742.wss | accessdate = 2010-05-24}}
106. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Advances Analytics With Acquisition of Coremetrics | publisher =IBM | date =2010-06-15 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/31885.wss | accessdate =2010-06-15 | deadurl =yes | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20121009143710/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/31885.wss | archivedate =2012-10-09 | df = }}
107. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire BigFix to Advance Smarter Data Centers| publisher = IBM | date =2010-07-01 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/32026.wss | accessdate = 2010-07-01}}
108. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Storwize for Data Compression Capabilities| publisher = IBM | date =2010-07-29 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/32219.wss | accessdate = 2010-07-29}}
109. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Datacap| publisher = IBM | date =2010-08-10 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/32253.wss | accessdate = 2010-08-10}}
110. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Unica Corporation| publisher = IBM | date =2010-08-13 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/32309.wss | accessdate = 2010-08-13}}
111. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire OpenPages| publisher = IBM | date =2010-09-15 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/32474.wss | accessdate = 2010-09-15}}
112. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Netezza| publisher = IBM | date =2010-09-20 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/32514.wss | accessdate = 2010-09-20}}
113. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire BLADE Network Technologies| publisher = IBM | date =2010-09-27 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/32525.wss | accessdate = 2010-12-09}}
114. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires PSS Systems| publisher = IBM | date =2010-10-13 | url =http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ibm-acquires-pss-systems-104855574.html | accessdate = 2010-10-13}}
115. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Clarity Systems| publisher = IBM | date =2010-10-21 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/32795.wss | accessdate = 2010-10-21}}
116. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire TRIRIGA, Inc. to Accelerate Smarter Buildings Transformation| publisher = IBM | date =2011-03-22 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/34060.wss | accessdate = 2011-03-22}}
117. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire i2 to Accelerate Big Data Analytics to Transform Global Cities| publisher = IBM | date =2011-08-31 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/35255.wss | accessdate = 2011-08-31}}
118. ^Algorithmics Inc. official website
119. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Algorithmics| publisher = IBM | date =2011-08-31 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/35176.wss | accessdate = 2011-09-01}}
120. ^Q1 Labs official website
121. ^{{cite press release | title = IBM to Acquire Q1 Labs to Drive Greater Security Intelligence| publisher = IBM | date =2011-10-04 | url = http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/35544.wss | accessdate = 2011-10-31}}
122. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire System Software Company Platform Computing to Extend Reach of Technical Computing| publisher = IBM | date =2011-10-12 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/35630.wss | accessdate = 2011-10-12}}
123. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM extends Smarter Cities initiative through acquisition of Cúram Software| publisher = IBM | date =2011-12-05 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36134.wss | accessdate = 2012-02-23}}
124. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire DemandTec to Expand Cloud-Based Analytics for Smarter Commerce| publisher = IBM | date =2011-12-08 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36165.wss | accessdate = 2011-12-13}}
125. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquisition of Emptoris Bolsters Smarter Commerce Initiative, Helps Reduce Procurement Costs and Risks| publisher = IBM | date =2011-12-15 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36225.wss | accessdate = 2011-12-15}}
126. ^Green Hat official website
127. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Green Hat| publisher = IBM | date =2011-01-04 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36431.wss | accessdate = 2012-01-04}}
128. ^{{cite press release | title=IBM Advances Mobile Capabilities with Acquisition of Worklight|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36660.wss| publisher = IBM | date =2012-01-31|accessdate=2012-01-31}}
129. ^{{cite web|last=Rao|first=Leena|title=IBM’s Mixed Q1 2012: Revenue Flat At $24.7B; Net Income Up 7 Percent To $3.1B|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/04/17/ibms-q1-2012-revenue-flat-at-24-7b-net-income-up-7-percent-to-3-1b/|publisher=TechCrunch|accessdate=10 May 2012|date=17 April 2012|quote=While the company revealed layoffs in February, IBM has spent some cash in the first quarter on acquisitions, buying Worklight for $70 million and Green Hat.}}
130. ^{{cite press release |title=IBM Broadens Analytics Portfolio with Acquisition of Varicent Software | publisher = IBM | date =2012-04-13 | url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/37434.wss|accessdate=2012-04-13}}
131. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Advances Big Data Analytics with Acquisition of Vivisimo| publisher = IBM | date =2012-04-25 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/37491.wss | accessdate = 2012-04-25}}
132. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Tealeaf Technology, Inc. to Help Marketers Deliver Exceptional Digital Experience for Smarter Commerce| publisher = IBM | date =2012-05-02 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/37593.wss | accessdate = 2012-05-25}}
133. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Plans to Acquire Texas Memory Systems | publisher = IBM | date =2012-08-16 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/38594.wss | accessdate = 2012-08-16}}
134. ^IBM’s acquisition of Kenexa ($1.4 billion, 4.1x)
135. ^{{cite news | title =IBM To Buy Social-Business Company Kenexa For $1.3 Billion | publisher = Bloomberg | date =2012-08-28 | url =https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-27/ibm-to-buy-social-business-company-kenexa-for-about-1-3-billion.html | accessdate = 2012-08-28}}
136. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Advances Storage Capabilities with Acquisition of Butterfly Software | publisher = IBM | date =2012-09-24 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/38940.wss | accessdate = 2012-09-24}}
137. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM To Acquire StoredIQ | publisher = IBM | date =2012-12-19 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/39692.wss | accessdate = 2012-12-19}}
138. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM To Acquire Star Analytics, Inc| publisher = IBM | date =2013-02-01 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/40153.wss | accessdate = 2013-02-01}}
139. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Completes Acquisition of Star Analytics, Inc.| publisher = IBM | date =2013-03-19 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/40574.wss | accessdate = 2013-03-19}}
140. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires UrbanCode to Help Businesses Rapidly Deliver Mobile, Cloud, Big Data and Social Software| publisher = IBM | date =2013-04-22 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/40820.wss | accessdate = 2013-02-01}}
141. ^[https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/06/04/i-b-m-buys-cloud-computing-firm-in-deal-said-to-be-worth-2-billion/ I.B.M. Buys Cloud Computing Firm in Deal Said to Be Worth $2 Billion]
142. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire SoftLayer to Accelerate Adoption of Cloud Computing in the Enterprise| publisher = IBM | date =2013-06-04 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41191.wss | accessdate = 2013-06-04}}
143. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Accelerates Cloud Computing on System z with Acquisition of CSL International| publisher = IBM | date =2013-07-09 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41442.wss | accessdate = 2013-07-09}}
144. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/15/us-trusteer-ibm-idUSBRE97E13I20130815/ IBM says it will buy Trusteer, source says paying close to $1 billion]
145. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Trusteer to Help Companies Combat Financial Fraud and Advanced Security Threats| publisher = IBM | date =2013-08-15 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41487.wss | accessdate = 2013-08-15}}
146. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Daeja Image Systems Ltd.| publisher = IBM | date =2013-09-19 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41567.wss | accessdate = 2013-09-25}}
147. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires The Now Factory| publisher = IBM | date =2013-10-01 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41927.wss| accessdate = 2013-10-01}}
148. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Xtify to Help Digital Marketers Reach Mobile Customers| publisher = IBM | date =2013-10-03 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/42064.wss| accessdate = 2013-10-03}}
149. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Fiberlink Communications, Transforming the Mobile Management and Security Market| publisher = IBM | date =2013-11-13 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/42396.wss| accessdate = 2013-11-13}}
150. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to acquire Aspera, Inc. |publisher= IBM | date =2013-12-19 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/42782.wss| accessdate = 2013-12-19}}
151. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM to Acquire Cloudant: Open, Cloud Database Service Helps Organizations Simplify Mobile, Web App and Big Data Development |publisher= IBM | date =2014-02-24 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/43238.wss| accessdate = 2014-02-24}}
152. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM To Acquire Silverpop To Help Marketers Deliver Personalized Customer Engagements|publisher= IBM | date =2014-04-10 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/43513.wss| accessdate = 2014-04-10}}
153. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Watson Acquires Artificial Intelligence Startup Cognea|publisher= Techcrunch | date =2014-05-19 | url =https://techcrunch.com/2014/05/19/ibm-watson-acquires-artificial-intelligence-startup-cognea/| accessdate = 2014-05-19}}
154. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM acquires CrossIdeas to Expand Security Offerings with Identity Intelligence|publisher= IBM | date =2014-07-31 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/44469.wss| accessdate = 2014-07-31}}
155. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM Acquires Cloud Security Services Provider Lighthouse Security Group |publisher= IBM | date =2014-08-11 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/44503.wss| accessdate = 2014-08-11}}
156. ^{{cite press release | title =IBM buys AlchemyAPI to boost Watson computing unit |publisher= Reuters | date =2015-04-04 | url =https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/04/ibm-alchemy-idUSL1N0W601420150304| accessdate = 2015-03-05}}
157. ^{{cite press release | title =Data, Data, Everywhere – Now a Better Way to Understand It |publisher= IBM | date =2015-03-27 | url =http://asmarterplanet.com/blog/2015/03/better-way-tap-big-data-gusher.html| accessdate = 2016-01-09}}
158. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/46585.wss|title = IBM Acquires Explorys to Accelerate Cognitive Insights for Health and Wellness|date = 2015-04-13|accessdate = 2015-04-13}}
159. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/46584.wss|title = IBM to Acquire Phytel to Help Healthcare Providers Deliver Higher Value Care|date = 2015-04-13|accessdate = 2015-04-13}}
160. ^{{Cite web|title = IBM Acquires Blue Box to Accelerate Open Hybrid Clouds|url = https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47030.wss|website = www-03.ibm.com|accessdate = 2015-06-17}}
161. ^1 {{Cite web|title = IBM Acquires Compose Inc. |url = https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47030.wss|website = www-03.ibm.com|accessdate = 2015-06-17}}
162. ^{{Cite web|title = Watson to Gain Ability to "See" with Planned $1B Acquisition of Merge Healthcare|url = http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47435.wss|website = www-03.ibm.com|accessdate = 2015-08-06}}
163. ^{{Cite web|title = IBM Acquires StrongLoop to Extend Enterprise Reach using IBM Cloud|url = https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47577.wss|website = www-03.ibm.com|accessdate = 2015-09-10}}
164. ^{{Cite web|title = IBM Plans to Acquire Meteorix, a Leading Workday Services Partner|url = https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47741.wss|website = www-03.ibm.com|accessdate = 2015-09-28}}
165. ^{{cite news|title=IBM to Acquire the Weather Company|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/technology/ibm-to-acquire-the-weather-company.html?_r=0|accessdate=28 October 2015|work=The New York Times}}
166. ^{{cite news|title=IBM Agrees to Acquire Weather Channel's Digital Assets|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-28/ibm-agrees-to-acquire-weather-channel-s-digital-assets|accessdate=28 October 2015|work=Bloomberg}}
167. ^{{cite news|title=Storms Are In, Reality Shows Out As Weather Channel Gets Back to Basics|url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/weather-channel-ibm-acquisition-reality-tv-1201629228/|accessdate=29 October 2015|work=Variety}}
168. ^{{Cite web|title = IBM Plans to Acquire The Weather Company’s Product and Technology Businesses; Extends Power of Watson to the Internet of Things|url = http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/47952.wss|website = www-03.ibm.com|accessdate = 2015-11-02}}
169. ^https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/51143/000104746916010329/a2226548zex-13.htm
170. ^{{Cite web|title = IBM Completes Acquisition of Cleversafe|url = http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/48027.wss|website = www-03.ibm.com|date = 2015-11-06|accessdate = 2015-11-30|language = en-US}}
171. ^{{cite web|title=IBM Snags Clearleap Video Service As It Continues To Pick Off Strategic Cloud Properties|url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/08/ibm-snags-clearleap-cloud-video-services-as-it-continues-to-pick-off-strategic-cloud-properties/|website=TechCrunch|accessdate=21 January 2016}}
172. ^{{Cite web|title = IBM Acquires IRIS Analytics, Strengthening Fraud Detection Analytics|url = http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/48788.wss|website = www-03.ibm.com|date = 2016-01-15|accessdate = 2016-01-15|language = en-US}}
173. ^{{cite web|title=IBM Confirms Acquisition Of UStream, Forms New Cloud Video Unit|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/21/ibm-confirms-acquisition-of-ustream-forms-new-cloud-video-unit/|website=TechCrunch|accessdate=21 January 2016}}
174. ^{{cite web|title=IBM Plans to Acquire Resource/Ammirati to Address Surging Client Demand for the Next Great Customer Experience|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/48893.wss|website=www-03.ibm.com|date = 2016-01-28|accessdate = 2016-01-28|language = en-US}}
175. ^{{cite web|title=IBM Signs Agreement to Acquire Aperto to Meet Growing Client Need for Digital Transformation|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/48871.wss|website=www-03.ibm.com|date = 2016-02-02|accessdate = 2016-02-03|language = en-US}}
176. ^{{cite web|title=IBM Signs Agreement to Acquire ecx.io to Deliver Stellar Customer Experiences|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/48960.wss|website=www-03.ibm.com|date = 2016-03-02|accessdate = 2016-02-03|language = en-US}}
177. ^{{cite web|title=IBM Watson Health Announces Plans to Acquire Truven Health Analytics for $2.6B, Extending Its Leadership in Value-Based Care Solutions|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/49132.wss|website=www-0e.ibm.com|accessdate=19 February 2016}}
178. ^{{cite web|title=IBM Security To Expand Incident Response Capabilities With Plans To Acquire Resilient Systems|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/49243.wss|website=www-0e.ibm.com|accessdate=9 March 2016}}
179. ^{{cite web|title=IBM Acquires Optevia, Expanding Role as Solutions Provider for Public Sector Clients|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/49357.wss|accessdate=1 June 2016}}
180. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/49434.wss|title=IBM to Acquire Bluewolf, Boost Consumer-grade Experiences|date=2016-03-31|website=www-03.ibm.com|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-09}}
181. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3077939/ibm-buys-ezsource-to-help-transform-your-mainframe-apps-for-the-digital-world.html|title=IBM buys EZSource to help transform your mainframe apps for the digital world|newspaper=PCWorld|access-date=2016-12-06}}
182. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/50599.wss|title=IBM to Acquire Promontory & Launch Watson Financial Services|date=2016-09-29|website=www-03.ibm.com|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-06}}
183. ^{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/software/ibm-to-acquire-indian-it-firm-sanovi-technologies/articleshow/55090233.cms|title=IBM acquires Sanovi Technologies to boost hybrid cloud - The Economic Times|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2016-12-06}}
184. ^{{Cite news|url=http://finance.yahoo.com/news/ibm-closes-acquisition-agile-3-210100477.html|title=IBM Closes Acquisition of Agile 3 Solutions|website=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=2017-03-07}}
185. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/138194754_374240|title=IBM收购Verizon云计算及主机托管业务|date=2017-05-04|website=www.sohu.com|access-date=2018-11-17}}
186. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/52479.wss |title=IBM Acquires TIMETOACT GROUP’s XCC to Launch IBM Connections Engagement Center -- a Single Destination for Internal Communications, Collaboration and Employee Engagement |access-date=2017-06-27}}
187. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2017/09/25/ibm-acquires-israels-cloudigo-data-center-company/|title=IBM Acquires Israel’s Cloudigo Data Center Company|work=Algemeiner.com|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}
188. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.afr.com/technology/ibm-buys-vivant-digital-a-sydney-innovation-consultancy-20171004-gyuefn|title=IBM buys Sydney innovation consultancy|date=2017-10-05|work=Financial Review|access-date=2017-10-04|language=en-US}}
189. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibm.com/blogs/think/2018/05/finance/|title=IBM Acquires Armanta to Help Financial Services Firms Meet Regulatory, Business Demands - THINK Blog|date=2018-05-03|work=THINK Blog|access-date=2018-09-28|language=en-US}}
190. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newsroom.ibm.com/2018-06-15-IBM-Acquires-Oniqua-Strengthens-Leading-IoT-Capabilities-to-Help-Businesses-Proactively-Maintain-Vital-Assets|title=IBM Acquires Oniqua, Strengthens Leading IoT Capabilities to Help Businesses Proactively Maintain Vital Assets|work=IBM News Room|access-date=2018-09-28|language=en-us}}
191. ^{{cite web|title=IBM TO ACQUIRE RED HAT, COMPLETELY CHANGING THE CLOUD LANDSCAPE AND BECOMING WORLD’S #1 HYBRID CLOUD PROVIDER |url=https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/ibm-acquire-red-hat-completely-changing-cloud-landscape-and-becoming-world’s-1-hybrid-cloud-provider|accessdate=29 October 2018}}
192. ^{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1988.html |title=IBM Archives: 1980s |publisher=03.ibm.com |date= |accessdate=2013-12-20}}
193. ^{{cite web|author=APPublished: October 20, 1988 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DD1330F933A15753C1A96E948260 |title=COMPANY NEWS; Kodak Buys I.B.M. Copier Agreements |publisher=New York Times |date=1988-10-20 |accessdate=2013-12-20}}
194. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/08/business/company-news-rolm-sale-by-ibm-to-siemens.html|author=Lohr, S.|title=Rolm Sale By I.B.M. To Siemens|publisher=New York Times|date=May 8, 1992}}
195. ^{{cite press release | title = Toshiba TEC to Acquire IBM’s Retail Store Point-of-Sale Solutions Business; Agreement Allows Both to Tap Growing Smarter Commerce Opportunity | publisher = IBM | date = 2012-04-17 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/37446.wss | accessdate = 2012-04-17}}
196. ^{{cite web|url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/43016.wss|title=Lenovo Plans to Acquire IBM’s x86 Server Business|date=2014-01-24|publisher=IBM}}
197. ^{{cite press release | title = GLOBALFOUNDRIES to Acquire IBM's Microelectronics Business | publisher = IBM | date = 2014-10-20 | url =http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/45110.wss | accessdate = 2014-10-21}}
198. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.unicomglobal.com/news/unicom-global-acquires-ibm-rational-focal-point-and-rational-purifyplustm-solutions-ibm-corp/|title=UNICOM® Global Acquires IBM® Rational® Focal Point and Rational® PurifyPlusTM Solutions from IBM Corp.: Transaction Brings Over 2,000 Customers in 40 Countries to UNICOM|date=2015-01-01|publisher=UNICOM Global}}
199. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.smartstream-stp.com/Company/Press_Releases/2015/02/04_SmartStream_Acquires_Algorithmics_Collateral_Assets_From_IBM|title=SmartStream Acquires Algorithmics Collateral Assets From IBM to Further Expand its Cash and Liquidity Management Offerings|date=2015-02-04|publisher=SmartStream}}
200. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.unicomsi.com/news-events/news/unicom-global-acquires-ibm-rational-system-architect-ibm-corp/|title=UNICOM® Global Acquires IBM® Rational® System Architect from IBM Corp.: Acquisition is the 7th Transaction between IBM and UNICOM in 24 months|date=2015-12-31|publisher=UNICOM Systems, Inc}}
201. ^http://www.blinkenlights.com/classiccmp/friden/bmast.txt

}}

External links

  • IBM list of selected acquisitions
{{IBM}}{{List of mergers and acquisitions by}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Mergers And Acquisitions By Ibm}}

3 : Computing-related lists|IBM acquisitions|Lists of corporate acquisitions
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