| 词条 | List of NASA missions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
This is a list of NASA missions, both crewed and robotic, since its establishment 1958. Current missionsThere are over 70 currently active missions.[1] X-Plane program{{Main|List of X-planes}}Since 1945, NACA (NASA's predecessor) and, since 1958, NASA have conducted the X-Plane Program. The program was originally intended to create a family of experimental aircraft not intended for production beyond the limited number of each design built solely for flight research.[2] The first X-Plane, the Bell X-1, was the first rocket-powered airplane to break the sound barrier on October 14, 1947.[3] X-Planes have set numerous milestones since then, both manned and unmanned.[4] Crewed missions{{See also|NASA#Manned programs}}Human spaceflight{{Main|Human spaceflight}}NASA has successfully launched over 200 manned flights. Two have ended in failure, causing the death of the entire crew: STS-51-L (the Challenger disaster) in 1986, and STS-107 (the Columbia disaster) in 2003. (Apollo 1 in 1967 lost three crew members but never launched.)
|id1=a |ref1=Apollo 1 was unlaunched due to a fire during testing that killed the astronauts, and is not counted here. |id2=b |ref2=The Shuttle-Mir missions were all Space Shuttle missions, and are also counted under the Space Shuttle program missions in the table. }} FutureOn May 7, the Obama Administration announced the launch of an independent review of planned U.S. human space flight activities with the goal of ensuring that the nation is on a vigorous and sustainable path to achieving its boldest aspirations in space. The review was conducted by a panel of experts led by Norman Augustine, the former CEO of Lockheed Martin, who served on the President's Council of Advisers on Science and Technology under both Democrat and Republican presidents. The "Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans" was to examine ongoing and planned National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) development activities, as well as potential alternatives and present options for advancing a safe, innovative, affordable, and sustainable human space flight program in the years following Space Shuttle retirement. The panel worked closely with NASA and sought input from the United States Congress, the White House, the public, industry, and international partners as it developed its options. It presented its results on October 22, 2009.[6][7] In February 2010, Obama announced his proposal to cancel the Constellation Program as part of the 2011 Economic Projects. Constellation was officially cancelled by the NASA Budget Authorization Act on 11 October 2010. NASA brought the Orion MPCV back to life from the defunct Constellation Program and successfully test launched the first capsule on December 5, 2014 aboard EFT-1. After a near perfect flight traveling 3600 miles above Earth, the spacecraft was recovered for study. NASA plans to use the Orion crew vehicle to send humans to deep space locations such as the Moon, Near Earth Asteroids, and Mars starting in the 2020s. Orion will be powered by NASA's new heavy lift vehicle, the Space Launch System (SLS), which is currently under development. Orion's next flight, along with the first SLS flight, is slated to launch in December 2019, with the designation of Exploration Mission 1. This mission will send an uncrewed Orion capsule around the Moon. It will be succeeded by Exploration Mission 2, sending a crewed Orion spacecraft to an undetermined location in the early 2020s. Robotic missions{{Main|Unmanned NASA missions}}Suborbital
Earth satellites{{main cat|NASA earth satellites}}
Lunar{{See also| Exploration of the Moon}}
Martian{{See also| Exploration of Mars}}- Mariner program
Asteroidal/cometary- Discovery Program
Other planets
Solar
Planned missions- Origins Program
Cancelled or undeveloped missions{{main|List of NASA cancellations}}
Old proposals- Mars Scout program
See also
References1. ^https://science.nasa.gov/missions-page?field_division_tid=All&field_phase_tid=29 2. ^{{Cite web |title=Dryden Historic Aircraft - X-planes overview |work=Dryden Flight Research Center |publisher=NASA |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/history/HistoricAircraft/X-Planes/1940/index.html |accessdate=2012-06-01 }} 3. ^{{Cite web |title=Bell X-1 "Glamorous Glennis" |work=Milestones of Flight |publisher=National Air and Space Museum |url=http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/gal100/bellx1.html |accessdate=2012-06-01 }} 4. ^{{Cite web |title=APPENDIX A; HISTORY OF THE X-PLANE PROGRAM |work=Draft X-33 Environmental Impact Statement |publisher=NASA |url=https://history.nasa.gov/x1/appendixa1.html |accessdate=2012-06-01 }} 5. ^http://www.spacenews.com/civil/100930-house-gives-final-approval-nasa-authorization-act.html 6. ^OSTP Press Release Announcing Review (pdf, 50k) 7. ^{{Cite web|title = No to NASA: Augustine Commission Wants to More Boldly Go|url = http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html|accessdate = 2015-07-14|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130513130114/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html|archivedate = 2013-05-13|df = }} 8. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/missions/atrex.html |title=Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment (ATREX) |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2012-03-15}} 9. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/627738main_atrex-launch-sequence.pdf |title=ATREX Launch Sequence |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2012-03-15}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/missions/|title=Missions - Science Mission Directorate|publisher=}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NPP/launch/index.html |title=NPP Launch Information |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-07-16}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason1/|title=Jason-1|publisher=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ostmjason2/|title=OSTM/Jason-2|publisher=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason3|title=Jason 3|publisher=}}/ 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://landsat.usgs.gov/about_mission_history.php|title=Landsat Missions Timeline - Landsat Missions|publisher=}} 16. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/rbsp/ |title=RBSP Mission Overview |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2012-08-31}} 17. ^{{Cite web |url=http://rbsp.jhuapl.edu/ |title=RBSP |publisher=NASA/APL |accessdate=2012-08-31}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://explorers.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions.html |title=Explorer Missions |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-11-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323182500/http://explorers.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions.html |archivedate=2010-03-23 |df= }} 19. ^{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/pegasus/nustar/120403june/ |title=Launch of NASA X-ray telescope targeted for June |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=2012-04-03 |accessdate=2012-05-15}} 20. ^{{cite web | url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions/nustar/ |title=NuSTAR |publisher=NASA |date=2012-06-05 |accessdate=2012-06-14}} 21. ^{{Cite web |url=https://moonkam.ucsd.edu/about/grail_fact_sheet |title=GRAIL Mission: Fact Sheet |publisher=MoonKAM.UCSD.edu |accessdate=2011-04-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815220241/https://moonkam.ucsd.edu/about/grail_fact_sheet |archivedate=2011-08-15 |df= }} 22. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/may/HQ_11-163_New_Frontier.html |title=NASA To Launch New Science Mission To Asteroid In 2016 |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-08-25}} 23. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-osiris-rex-speeds-toward-asteroid-rendezvous |title=NASA's OSIRIS-REx Speeds Toward Asteroid Rendezvous |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2016-11-21}} 24. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/316306main_JunoFactSheet_2009sm.pdf | title=Juno Mission to Jupiter | accessdate=April 5, 2011 | date=April 2009 | publisher=NASA | pages=2}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Launching Balloons in Antarctica|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/barrel-antarctica.html|publisher=NASA|author=Karen C. Fox |date=2011-02-22 |accessdate=2012-09-06}} 26. ^{{cite news | title = Van Allen Probes: NASA Renames Radiation Belt Mission to Honor Pioneering Scientist | date = 11 November 2012 | publisher = Science Daily | url =https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121111101748.htm | work = Reuters | accessdate = 2012-11-12}} 27. ^{{Cite web |url=http://stp.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions.html |title=STP Missions |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-09-06}} 28. ^{{cite web |title=MMS Launch |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mms/launch/index.html |publisher=NASA}} 29. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/sunearthsystem/main/solarprobeplus.html |title=NASA Selects Science Investigations for Solar Probe Plus |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2012-08-31}} 30. ^{{Cite web |url=http://jhuapl.edu/newscenter/pressreleases/2012/120305.asp |title=Johns Hopkins APL Team Developing Solar Probe Plus for Closest-Ever Flights Past the Sun |publisher=JHU APL |accessdate=2012-08-31}} 31. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ |title=JWST Home Page |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2011-04-25}} 32. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.spacenews.com/civil/100820-plan-astrophysics-jwst-account.html |title=10-Year Plan for Astrophysics Takes JWST Cost into Account |publisher=SpaceNews.com |date=2010-08-20 |accessdate=2011-04-25}} External links
3 : Lists of space missions|NASA lists|NASA programs |
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