| 词条 | List of National Historic Landmarks in Hawaii |
| 释义 |
This is a complete List of National Historic Landmarks in Hawai{{okina}}i. The United States National Historic Landmark program is operated under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes structures, districts, objects, and similar resources according to a list of criteria of national significance.[1] The state of Hawai{{okina}}i is home to 33 of these landmarks, many of which relate the state's role in World War II and the archaeological remains of ancient Hawaiians, among other stories. The table below lists all 33 of these sites, along with added detail and description. They are distributed across six of the Hawaiian islands, with the greatest number (16) on O{{okina}}ahu. Current NHLs{{NRHP header|NHL|county=Island}}{{NRHP row|NHL|type=NMEM |pos=1 |article=USS Arizona (shipwreck) |name=USS Arizona (shipwreck) |image=USS Arizona Memorial (aerial view).jpg |alt=Aerial photograph of the sunken USS Arizona and the USS Arizona Memorial. |date=1989-05-05 |address=Pearl Harbor |lat=21.3665398725 |lon=-157.952798087 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Sunken remains of the USS Arizona; destroyed in battle during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Now the centerpiece of the NRHP USS Arizona Memorial |refnum=89001083 |commonscat=USS Arizona (BB-39) }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=2 |article=USS Bowfin |name=USS Bowfin (submarine) |image=USS Bowmin submarine - full view side.jpg |alt=Full side photograph of USS Bowfin at dock. |date=1986-01-14 |address=Pearl Harbor |lat=21.3722880868 |lon=-157.941675235 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= US Navy Submarine which sank 16 Japanese vessels during World War II. Now a Museum Ship. |refnum=82000149 |commonscat=USS Bowfin (SS-287) }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=3 |article=Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet Headquarters (World War II) |name=CINCPAC Headquarters |image=U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Makalapa Support Facilities, Makalapa Administration Area, Pearl Harbor (Honolulu, Hawaii).jpg |alt=Makalapa Support Facilities |date=1987-05-28 |address=Pearl Harbor |lat=21.3661232442 |lon=-157.938247528 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Headquarters of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1942 through 1945 |refnum=87001295 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=4 |article=Cook Landing Site (Waimea, Hawai'i) |name=Cook Landing Site |image=Captain James Cook statue, Waimea, Kauai, Hawaii.JPG |date=1962-12-29 |address=Waimea |lat=21.951842 |lon=-159.665842 |county=Kaua{{okina}}i |description= Captain James Cook landed here at the mouth of the Waimea River on January 20, 1778; He was the first European known to have sighted the Hawaiian Islands |refnum=66000298 |commonscat=Cook Landing Site (Kauai, Hawaii) }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=5 |article=Falls of Clyde (ship) |name=Falls of Clyde (four-masted oil tanker) |image=Falls of Clyde prow.jpg |alt=Photograph of the prow of the Falls of Clyde, featuring the female figurehead beneath the bowsprit. |date=1989-04-11 |address=Honolulu |lat=21.305774 |lon=-157.864961 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Only surviving iron-hulled, four-masted full rigged ship, and the only surviving sail-driven oil tanker in the world. She was for a time a museum ship, but was in 2013 being prepared for drydock. |refnum=73000659 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=6 |article=Hickam Field |name=Hickam Field |image=Bullet holes at headquarters building of Hickam Air Force Base.jpg |alt=Photograph of the headquarters building at Hickam Field in 2005, still showing bullet and shrapnel damage to a wall. |date=1985-09-16 |address=Honolulu |lat=21.3325 |lon=-157.9536111111111 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Air Force Base which was a primary target in the attack on Pearl Harbor and played a key role throughout the World War II Pacific campaign. |refnum=85002725 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=7 |article=Hokukano-Ualapue Complex |name=Hokukano-Ualapue Complex |date=1962-12-29 |address=Ualapue |lat=21.062525 |lon=-156.829995 |county=Moloka{{okina}}i |description= Archaeological site; includes six heiaus (religious sites) and two fishponds |refnum=66000304 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHP |pos=8 |article=Honokohau Settlement |name=Honokohau Settlement |image=Honokohau Halau.jpg |date=1962-12-29 |address=Kona District |lat=19.678333333333335 |lon=-156.0238888888889 |county=Hawai{{okina}}i |description= Site of an ancient Hawaiian settlement; includes fishponds, kahua (house site platforms), ki{{okina}}i pōhaku (petroglyphs), hōlua (stone slide) and heiau (religious site). |refnum=66000287, 78003148 |commonscat=Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=9 |article=Huilua Fishpond |name=Huilua Fishpond |image=Oahu-Huiluafishpond-wallcorner.JPG |date=1962-12-29 |address=Kāne{{okina}}ohe |lat=21.55743 |lon=-157.868302 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Last surviving fishponds out of an estimated 97 such structures that once existed on coastal O{{okina}}ahu; still operational well into the 20th century |refnum=66000295 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=10 |article=Iolani Palace |name={{okina}}Iolani Palace |image=Iolani Palace (1328).JPG |alt=Photograph of the front of {{okina}}Iolani Palace, flanked by palm trees with the Hawaiian flag flying atop the central tower. |date=1962-12-29 |address=Honolulu |lat=21.306299 |lon=-157.859708 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Only royal palace used as an official residence by a reigning monarch in the United States |refnum=66000293 |commonscat=Iolani Palace }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHP |pos=11 |article=Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement |name=Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement |image=Kalawao Catholic church.jpg |alt=Photograph of the church established by Father Damien at the Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement, behind a low stone wall and surrounded by palm and other trees. |date=1976-01-07 |address=Kalaupapa |lat=21.189166666666665 |lon=-156.98305555555555 |county=Moloka{{okina}}i |description= Founded in 1866 for the isolation of Hawaiians afflicted with Leprosy. Now part of the larger Kalaupapa National Historical Park |refnum=76002145 |commonscat=Kalaupapa, Hawaii }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=12 |article=Kamakahonu |name=Kamakahonu |image=Kamakahonu, Kona.jpg |date=1962-12-29 |address=Kailua-Kona |lat=19.639006 |lon=-155.997586 |county=Hawai{{okina}}i |description= Final residence of King Kamehameha I |refnum=66000288 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=13 |article=Kaneohe Naval Air Station |name=Kaneohe Naval Air Station |image=Memorial Service PH.jpg |alt=Photograph of a 1942 memorial service at Kaneohe Naval Air Station, showing sailors placing leis on graves of men killed during the Pearl Harbor Attack. |date=1987-05-28 |address=Kailua |lat=21.446666666666665 |lon=-157.76638888888888 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Naval airfield attacked by the Japanese seven minutes before the attack on Pearl Harbor began in order to establish air superiority |refnum=87001299 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=14 |article=Kaunolu Village Site |name=Kaunolu Village Site |image=Lanai-Kaunolu-Kamehameha-house-site.JPG |date=1962-12-29 |address=South coast |lat=20.734722222222224 |lon=-156.96444444444444 |county=Lāna{{okina}}i |description= This former fishing village, abandoned in the 1880s, is the largest surviving ruins of a prehistoric Hawaiian village. The archaeological site is very well preserved. |refnum=66000303 |commonscat=Kaunolu Village Site }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=15 |article=Kawaiahao Church |name=Kawaiaha{{okina}}o Church and Mission Houses |image=Honolulu-Kawaiahao-church-front.JPG |date=1962-12-29 |address=Honolulu |lat=21.304616 |lon=-157.858899 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Formerly the national church of the Hawaiian Kingdom and chapel of the royal family |refnum=66000294 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=16 |article=Keauhou Holua Slide |name=Keauhou Holua Slide |image=Keauhou Holua.jpg |date=1962-12-29 |address=Keauhou |lat=19.56234166666667 |lon=-155.9584722222222 |county=Hawai{{okina}}i |description= This is the largest and best-preserved hōlua course, used in the extremely toboggan-like activity restricted to chiefs. |refnum=66000290 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=17 |article=Lahaina Historic District |name=Lahaina Historic District |image=Lahaina Town.jpg |alt=Photograph of a street in Lāhainā, with cars, pedestrians, and historic buildings. |date=1962-12-29 |address=Lāhainā |lat=20.878055555555555 |lon=-156.67777777777778 |county=Maui |description= Preserves the atmosphere of a mid-19th century Hawaiian seaport |refnum=66000302 |commonscat=Lahaina Historic District }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=18 |article=Loaloa Heiau |name=Loaloa Heiau |date=1962-12-29 |address=Kaupo |lat=20.6435268057 |lon=-156.123984609 |county=Maui |description= Intact examples of a large luakini heiau (state level temple) where human sacrifice was performed |refnum=66000301 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=19 |article=Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve#Quarry |name=Mauna Kea Adz Quarry |image=Mauna Kea glaciation.jpg |date=1962-12-29 |address=Along the |lat=19.80027777777778 |lon=-155.46777777777777 |county=Hawai{{okina}}i |description= Used by prehistoric Hawaiians to obtain basalt for stone tools; also includes religious shrines, trails, rockshelters, and petroglyphs. |refnum=66000285 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=20 |article=Mookini Heiau |name=Mookini Heiau |image=Mo'okini.jpg |date=1962-12-29 |address=Hāwī |lat=20.25722222222222 |lon=-155.87666666666667 |county=Hawai{{okina}}i |description= Temple erected in 480 A.D. and dedicated to Kū, the Hawai{{okina}}ian god of war |refnum=66000284 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=21 |article=Old Sugar Mill of Koloa |name=Old Sugar Mill of Koloa |image=Kauai-old-sugar-mill-Koloa-chimney.JPG |date=1962-12-29 |address=Kōloa |lat=21.909722 |lon=-159.469167 |county=Kaua{{okina}}i |description= First commercially successful sugarcane plantation in Hawaii |refnum=66000296 |commonscat=Old Sugar Mill of Koloa }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=22 |article=Opana Radar Site |name=Opana Radar Site |date=1994-04-19 |address=Kawela |lat=21.6894518504 |lon=-158.011965655 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Commemorates the first operational use of radar by the United States in wartime, during the attack on Pearl Harbor |refnum=91001379 |image=Opana Radar Site.jpg }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=23 |article=Palm Circle |name=Palm Circle |image=PalmCircle AerialView.jpg |alt=Aerial photograph of Palm Circle and Fort Shafter. |date=1987-05-28 |address=Honolulu |lat=21.345555555555553 |lon=-157.88805555555555 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= This portion of Fort Shafter housed the headquarters of the commanding general and his staff, U.S. Army forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, during World War II. By 1944 this command was responsible for the supply and administration of all U.S. Army personnel in the Central and South Pacific, and from 1943 to 1945, carried out logistical planning for the invasions of the Gilberts, Marshalls, Marianas, Guam, Palau, and Okinawa. |refnum=84000104 |commonscat=Palm Circle Historic District (Fort Shafter) }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=24 |article=Pi'ilanihale Heiau |name=Piilanihale Heiau |image=Hale-o-pi-ilani-heiau.jpg |alt=HALS drawing of Pi'ilanihale Heiau. |date=1964-01-29 |address=Hāna |lat=20.798358 |lon=-156.037247 |county=Maui |description= Ancient temple in Polynesia; constructed from lava blocks; dates from the 16th century |refnum=66000300 |commonscat=Piʻilanihale Heiau }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=25 |article=Pu'u o Mahuka Heiau State Monument |name=Pu'u O Mahuka Heiau |image=Ruins of mahuka heiau.jpg |alt=Photograph of the ruins at Pu{{okina}}u o Mahuka Heiau beneath a cloudless sky with the Pacific Ocean behind. |date=1962-12-29 |address=Hale{{okina}}iwa |lat=21.641666666666666 |lon=-158.0588888888889 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Ancient temple, possibly the sacrificial site of 3 men from the HMS Daedalus |refnum=66000292 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHS |pos=26 |article=Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site |name=Puukohola Heiau |image=Pu'ukohola Heiau temple2.jpg |date=1962-12-29 |address=Kawaihae |lat=20.02777777777778 |lon=-155.8213888888889 |county=Hawai{{okina}}i |description= Ruins of Pu'ukoholā Heiau ("Temple on the Hill of the Whale"); temple built by King Kamehameha the Great between 1790 and 1791 |refnum=66000105 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=27 |article=Russian Fort Elizabeth |name=Russian Fort |image=Russian fort elizabeth stairs.mh.jpg |alt=Photograph of ruined stone walls at the Russian Fort, almost overgrown by grasses, with a stone stairway and red earth path. |date=1962-12-29 |address=Waimea |lat=21.951666666666664 |lon=-159.66416666666666 |county=Kaua{{okina}}i |description= Constructed in 1816 ; result of the alliance between High Chief Kaumualii and the Russian-American Company |refnum=66000299 |commonscat=Russian Fort Elizabeth }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=28 |article=Ka Lae |name=South Point Complex |image=Wind-blown tree Ka Lae Hawaii.jpg |alt=Photograph of a wind-shaped tree at South Point, with a goat and contemporary habitations in the background. |date=1962-12-29 |address=Nā{{okina}}ālehu |lat=18.91583333333333 |lon=-155.67638888888888 |county=Hawai{{okina}}i |description= Site of one of the earliest Hawaiian settlements, this is the southernmost point in the United States |refnum=66000291 |commonscat=South Point Complex }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=29 |article=Pearl Harbor |name=United States Naval Base, Pearl Harbor |image=Aerial view of Pearl Harbor on 1 June 1986 (6422248).jpg |alt=Aerial photograph of the Pearl Harbor Naval Base showing naval shore facilities in the foreground and Ford Island in the center. |date=1964-01-29 |address=Pearl Harbor |lat=21.35 |lon=-157.95 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Site of the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941 |refnum=66000940 |commonscat=Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=30 |article=USS Utah (BB-31) |name=USS Utah (shipwreck) |image=USS Utah (AG-16) capsizing at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 (80-G-266626).jpg |alt=Photograph of the USS Utah capsizing during the attack on Pearl Harbor. |date=1989-05-05 |address=Pearl Harbor |lat=21.3704388424 |lon=-157.965298951 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= The remains of the USS Utah, sunk by the Japanese during the attack on Pearl Harbor |refnum=89001084 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=31 |article=Wailua Complex of Heiaus |name=Wailua Complex of Heiaus |image=Kauai-Wailua-Heiau-Holoholoku-pohakuhanau.JPG |date=1962-12-29 |address=Wailuā |lat=22.044722222222223 |lon=-159.33722222222224 |county=Kaua{{okina}}i |description= An archaeological site with four heiaus |refnum=66000297 |commonscat=Wailua River State Park }}{{NRHP row|NHL |pos=32 |article=Washington Place |name=Washington Place |image=Washington Place Honolulu HI.jpg |alt=100 px |date=2007-03-29 |address=Honolulu |lat=21.308817 |lon=-157.856767 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Built in 1844-1847, this was the home of Queen Lili{{okina}}uokalani, the last reigning monarch of the Hawaiian kingdom, from the time of her marriage in 1862 to her death in 1917. While living here, she saw the monarchy overthrown and Hawai{{okina}}i annexed to the United States. It was subsequently used as the executive mansion by the territorial and state governors of Hawai{{okina}}i until 2002.[2] |refnum=73000666 }}{{NRHP row|NHL |type=NHLD |pos=33 |article=Wheeler Army Airfield |name=Wheeler Field |image=Wheeler Field (7 Dec. 41).jpg |alt=Wheeler Field on December 7, 1941 |date=1987-05-28 |address=Honolulu |lat=21.4867 |lon=-158.0439 |county=O{{okina}}ahu |description= Another primary target during the attack on Pearl Harbor, the damage caused here allowed the Japanese to maintain air superiority during the attack. |refnum=87001297 }} |} Historical National Park Service Areas in HawaiiIn addition, or perhaps overlapping, are five U.S. National Park Service areas of historic orientation in Hawaii.[3] Of these, the USS Arizona Memorial, Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Kalaupapa National Historical Park, and Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site are also National Historic Landmarks and are listed above. The other one, which is also a landmark of national historic importance, is Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park. It was established in 1955, before the National Historic Landmarks program started. See also
References1. ^{{cite web | last = National Park Service | first = | authorlink = National Park Service | coauthors = | title = National Historic Landmarks Program: Questions and Answers | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.nps.gov/nhl/QA.htm | doi = | accessdate = 2007-09-21 }} 2. ^{{cite press release|title=Interior Secretary Kempthorne Designates 12 National Historic Landmarks in 10 States |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |date=2007-04-04 |url=http://www.doi.gov/news/07_News_Releases/070404.html |accessdate=2007-05-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027001849/http://www.doi.gov/news/07_News_Releases/070404.html |archivedate=2007-10-27 |df= }} 3. ^{{Citation|last=National Park Service |first= |author-link=National Park Service |last2= |first2= |author2-link= |date=April 2007 |title=National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State (Appendix C, page 112) |place= |publisher= |edition= |volume= |id= |isbn= |url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST07.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-05-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609212946/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST07.pdf |archivedate=2007-06-09 |deadurl=yes |df= }}. External links{{GeoGroup}}
3 : Lists of National Historic Landmarks by state|National Historic Landmarks in Hawaii|Hawaii-related lists |
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