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词条 List of national parks of Pakistan
释义

  1. National parks

  2. Pictures

  3. References

  4. External links

Pakistan has 29 protected areas known as national parks ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|پاکستان کی ملی باغ}}}}). As of 2012, 22 of these are under supervision of respective provincial governments and remaining are in private care.[1] Only some of these are under the conservation scope of IUCN. Protection and conservation of the environment of Pakistan was included in the concurrent constitution of 1973. As a result, Environment Protection Ordinance was enacted in 1983, which was mainly regulated by the Environment and Urban Affairs Division. Later, a new system of 'Modern Protected Areas' legislation began at the provincial level which assigned the protected areas with designations such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves. Further recommendations of the national parks of the Indomalaya ecozone were highlighted in the IUCN review of 1986.[2] Nevertheless, the development of national parks was mainly carried out by National Conservation Strategy of 1992. Due to more awareness about their importance in conservation of biodiversity, 10 national parks have been established during the time period from 1993 to 2005.[1]

According to the 'Modern Protected Areas' legislation, a national park is a protected area set aside by the government for the protection and conservation of its outstanding scenery and wildlife in a natural state. It is accessible to public for research, education and recreation. In order to promote public use, construction of roads and rest houses is permitted. Use of firearms, polluting water, cleaning of land for cultivation, destruction of wildlife is banned in these areas.[4] The oldest national park is Lal Suhanra in Bahawalpur District, established in 1972.[5] It is also the only biosphere reserve of Pakistan. Lal Suhanra is the only national park established before the independence of the nation in August 1947. The main purpose of this area was to protect the wildlife of Cholistan Desert.[4] Central Karakoram in Gilgit Baltistan is currently the largest national park in the country, spanning over a total approximate area of {{convert|1390100|ha|acre|1|sortable=on}}. The smallest national park is the Ayub, covering a total approximate area of {{convert|931|ha|acre|1|sortable=on}}.

{{National Parks of Pakistan}}

National parks

National parkEstablishedAreaDistrict(s)ProvinceCoordinates
Ayub—}}{{sort|{{commas|931}}|{{convert|931|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[7] Rawalpindi Punjab{{coord>33.566700|N|73.499998|E|name=Ayub National Park|type:landmark}}
Shandure-Phander National Park 2012[4]{{sort|{{commas|3312}}|{{convert|3312|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[9] Ghizer Gilgit Baltistan{{coord>33.865231|N|73.138768|E|name=Shandure-Phander National Park|type:landmark}}
Broghil Valley 2010[1]{{sort|{{commas|134744}}|{{convert|134744|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Chitral Khyber Pakhtunkhwa{{coord>36.841164|N|73.335697|E|name=Broghil Valley National Park|type:landmark}}
Central Karakoram 1993[4]{{sort|{{commas|1390100}}|{{convert|1390100|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Gilgit and Skardu Gilgit Baltistan{{coord>36.897708|N|75.093545|E|name=Central Karakoram National Park|type:landmark}}
Chinji 1987[4]{{sort|{{commas|6095}}|{{convert|6095|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Chakwal Punjab{{coord>33.010242|N|72.491940|E|name=Chinji National Park|type:landmark}}
Chitral Gol 1984[4]{{sort|{{commas|7750}}|{{convert|7750|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Chitral Khyber Pakhtunkhwa{{coord>35.933082|N|71.670693|E|name=Chitral Gol National Park|type:landmark}}
Deosai 1993[4]{{sort|{{commas|358400}}|{{convert|358400|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Skardu Gilgit Baltistan{{coord>34.972626|N|75.396423|E|name=Deosai National Park|type:landmark}}
Deva Vatala 2009[5]{{sort|{{commas|2993}}|{{convert|2993|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}} Bhimber Azad Kashmir{{coord>32.892583|N|74.303172|E|name=Deva Vatala National Park|type:landmark}}
Ghamot 2004[22]{{sort|{{commas|27271}}|{{convert|27271|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}} Neelum Azad Kashmir{{coord>35.006943|N|74.200287|E|name=Ghamot National Park|type:landmark}}
Gurez 2009[24]{{sort|{{commas|52815}}|{{convert|52815|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}} Neelum Azad Kashmir{{coord>34.731456|N|74.786682|E|name=Gurez National Park|type:landmark}}
Hazarganji-Chiltan 1980[4]{{sort|{{commas|15555}}|{{convert|15555|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Quetta Balochistan{{coord>30.285695|N|67.202298|E|name=Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park|type:landmark}}
Hingol 1988[4]{{sort|{{commas|165004}}|{{convert|165004|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Awaran, Gwadar
and Lasbela
Balochistan{{coord>25.526246|N|65.085996|E|name=Hingol National Park|type:landmark}}
K2—}}{{sort|{{commas|233468}}|{{convert|233468|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[30] Gilgit, Skardu Gilgit Baltistan{{coord>35.788171|N|76.182888|E|name=K2 National Park|type:landmark}}
Kala Chitta 2009[5]{{sort|{{commas|36965}}|{{convert|36965|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[2] Attock Punjab{{coord>33.642685|N|72.400824|E|name=Kala Chitta National Park|type:landmark}}
Khunjerab 1975[4]{{sort|{{commas|226913}}|{{convert|226913|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Gilgit Gilgit Baltistan{{coord>36.500805|N|75.643616|E|name=Khunjerab National Park|type:landmark}}
Kirthar 1974[4]{{sort|{{commas|308733}}|{{convert|308733|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Dadu Sindh{{coord>25.658107|N|67.548975|E|name=Kirthar National Park|type:landmark}}
Lal Suhanra 1972[5]{{sort|{{commas|87426}}|{{convert|87426|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Bahawalpur Punjab{{coord>29.397409|N|72.025811|E|name=Lal Suhanra National Park|type:landmark}}
Lulusar-Dudipatsar 2003[4]{{sort|{{commas|30375}}|{{convert|30375|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[4] Mansehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa{{coord>35.090698|N|73.929749|E|name=Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park|type:landmark}}
Machiara 1996[4]{{sort|{{commas|13532}}|{{convert|13532|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}} Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir{{coord>34.506557|N|73.565140|E|name=Machiara National Park|type:landmark}}
Margalla Hills 1980[4]{{sort|{{commas|17386}}|{{convert|17386|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Islamabad, Rawalpindi Punjab{{coord>33.754317|N|72.956429|E|name=Margalla Hills National Park|type:landmark}}
Murree-Kotli Sattian-Kahuta 2009[1]{{sort|{{commas| }}|{{convert|57581|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[3] Rawalpindi Punjab{{coord>33.739032N 73.471344E
Pir Lasura 2005[4]{{sort|{{commas|5625}}|{{convert|5625|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Kotli Azad Kashmir{{coord>33.639204|N|73.846664|E|name=Pir Lasura National Park|type:landmark}}
Poonch River Mahaseer 2010[1]{{sort|{{commas|4500}}|{{convert|4500|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Kotli, Mirpur and
Poonch
Azad Kashmir{{coord>33.555272|N|73.91599|E|name=Poonch River Mahaseer National Park|type:landmark}}
Qurumber 2011[1]{{sort|{{commas|74000}}|{{convert|74000|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Ghizer Gilgit-Baltistan{{coord>36.863141|N|73.781038|E|name=Qurumber National Park|type:landmark}}
Saiful Muluk 2003[4]{{sort|{{commas|4867}}|{{convert|4867|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[4] Mansehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa{{coord>34.880862|N|73.698349|E|name=Saiful Muluk National Park|type:landmark}}
Sheikh Badin 1993[4]{{sort|{{commas|15540}}|{{convert|15540|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Dera Ismail Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa{{coord>32.382281|N|70.949707|E|name=Sheikh Badin National Park|type:landmark}}
Toli Pir 2005[4]{{sort|{{commas|5045}}|{{convert|5045|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Poonch Azad Kashmir{{coord>34.12090|N|73.633118|E|name=Toli Pir National Park|type:landmark}}
Panjal Mastan 2005[4]{{sort|{{commas|5045}}|{{convert|5045|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}}}}[1] Bagh District Azad Kashmir{{coord>34.0574|N|73.7381|E|name=Panjal Mastan National Park|type:landmark}}

Pictures

{{commons category|National parks of Pakistan}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pakwildlife.org/pakistan-wildlife/national-parks/national-parks-in-pakistan/|title=List of National Parks in Pakistan|date= |work=pakwildlife.org |publisher= |location= |accessdate=December 7, 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pakwildlife.org/pakistan-wildlife/parks/national-parks-in-pakistan/|title=List of National Parks of Pakistan|publisher=pakwildlife.org|accessdate=January 16, 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://cybervision.com.pk/na/uploads/documents/questions/1304385722_964.pdf|title=National Assembly Secretariat - "Questions for oral answers and their replies"|date=April 20, 2011|page=26 |publisher=cybervision.com |accessdate=December 7, 2012}}
4. ^10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{cite web|url=http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/47/1155/13587.pdf |title=Review of 'Protected Areas System' in Pakistan: Present status and problems concerning future development (Page 8, 9, 15)|publisher= Ankara University|work=dergiler.ankara.edu.tr |year= 2010|accessdate= September 8, 2010}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/nr/4nrcbw-asi-01/other/pakistan-en.pdf |title=(Fourth national report) Biodiversity of Pakistan: Status trends and threats|work=cbd.int |publisher=Convention on Biological Diversity, International |accessdate= September 8, 2010}}
6. ^10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 {{cite web|url=http://www.parc.gov.pk/CountryReport.pdf |title=Country Report on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – Pakistan |publisher=Pakistan Agricultural Research Council |work=parc.gov.pk |accessdate=September 8, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118054012/http://www.parc.gov.pk/CountryReport.pdf |archivedate=January 18, 2012 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wdpa.org/siteSheet.aspx?sitecode=68486 |title=Ayub National Park |publisher=World Database on protected Areas |work=wdpa.org |accessdate=September 8, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67qIuLyur?url=http://www.wdpa.org/siteSheet.aspx?sitecode=68486 |archivedate=May 22, 2012 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wdpa.org/siteSheet.aspx?sitecode=303306 |title=K2 National Park |publisher=World Database on protected Areas |work=wdpa.org |accessdate=September 8, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kashmirnewswatch.com/musk-deer-national-park-guraiz-mdnpg-conflictwho-is-responsible/ |title=Musk Deer National Park, Guraiz (MDNPG) conflict: Who is responsible? |publisher=Kashmir News Watch |work=kashmirnewswatch.com |accessdate=September 8, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415062357/http://www.kashmirnewswatch.com/musk-deer-national-park-guraiz-mdnpg-conflictwho-is-responsible/ |archivedate=April 15, 2011 |df= }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/pakistan/index.cfm?uProjectID=PK0115 |title= Improving Sub-Watershed Management and Environmental Awareness in the Ayubia National Park |work=wwf.panda.org |publisher= WWF -Pakistan}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://cjpas.net/current_issue.pdf |title=Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, an international journal: Current issue (Number: 4, Volume: 2, June 2010) Online ISSN 1920-3853 |publisher=SENRA Academic Publishers, Burnaby, British Columbia |work=cjpas.net |year=2010 |accessdate=September 8, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616210536/http://cjpas.net/current_issue.pdf |archivedate=June 16, 2011 |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iucn.pk/publications/Pakistan%20Protected%20Areas.pdf |title=Pakistan Protected Areas: Meeting Proceedings |year=1994|publisher= IUCN, Pakistan|work=iucn.pk|accessdate=September 29, 2010}}
[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
}}

External links

  • 29 Most Amazing National Parks of Pakistan -= Manhoos
{{Protected areas of Pakistan}}{{Geography of Pakistan}}{{Pakistan topics|geography}}{{Asia topic|List of national parks of}}

4 : Pakistan geography-related lists|National parks of Pakistan|Lists of national parks|Lists of tourist attractions in Pakistan

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