| 词条 | List of North American folk music traditions |
| 释义 |
This is a list of folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments and other related topics. The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner; it is used with widely varying definitions depending on the author, intended audience and context within a work. Similarly, the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a "folk music tradition". This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works. These traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other. {{Folk country table start}}{{Folk country row|Tradition = Aanishanabe |See = Ojibwa }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = African American [1] |Styles = blues - blues-harp - boat song - field holler - fife and drum band - freedom song - funereal music - gospel - lining out - shape-note - Shout - spiritual - work song |Dance = blues dance - hambone - juba dance - ring dance - shout |Instrumentation = banjo - bones - cowbell - diddley bow - fiddle - harmonica - tambourine - washtub bass |Other = blue note - camp meeting - Election Day celebration - Great Awakening - Pinkster }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Anglo-American [2] |Styles = ballad - folk hymn - protest song - sea shanty - shape note - singing |Dance = barn dance - Country-western two-step - longways - jig - reel - square dance |Instrumentation = fiddle - flute - guitar - harpsichord - violin |Other = Caller - Shakers }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Apache [3] |Styles = |Dance = |Instrumentation = Apache fiddle - pot drum - water drum |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Appalachian [4] |Styles = ballad - Blue Ridge fiddling - bluegrass - Child ballad - close harmony - folk hymn - jug band - lining out - North Georgia fiddling - old-time music - scolding ballad - shape note - singing - string band [5] |Dance = clogging |Instrumentation = autoharp - banjo - cello - cornstalk fiddle - dulcimer - fiddle - flute - guitar - harmonica - mandolin |Other = folk revival - hillbilly }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Arapaho [6] |Styles = Ghost Dance - peyote song |Dance = rabbit dance - round dance - snake dance - Sun Dance - turtle dance |Instrumentation = |Other = Ghost Dance }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Blue Ridge |See = Appalachian }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Cajun [7] |Styles = |Dance = polka - two-step - waltz |Instrumentation = accordion - fiddle - guitar - spoons - triangle - washboard |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Cape Breton |See = Irish- and Scottish-Canadian }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Cherokee [8] |Styles = |Dance = stomp dance |Instrumentation = rattle |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Chickasaw [8] |Styles = |Dance = stomp dance |Instrumentation = |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Chippewa |See = Ojibwa }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Choctaw [8] |Styles = |Dance = stomp dance |Instrumentation = |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Cree [9] |Styles = |Dance = |Instrumentation = fiddle |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Dakota |See = Sioux }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Dinéh |See = Navajo }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = English-American |See = Anglo-American }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Finnish-American |See = Finnish }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = French-American |See = French }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = German- and Moravian-American [10] |Styles = collegia musica - cornet band - Moravian funereal music - trombone choir |Dance = |Instrumentation = hautboy - kettle drum - trumpet - viol |Other = Ephrata Cloister - liederkranz - Singstunde }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Hopi |See = Pueblo }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Illinois [11] |Styles = |Dance = calumet dance |Instrumentation = |Other = berdache - calumet }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Inuit [12] |Styles = ayaya - kattajaq - pisiq - throat-singing |Dance = drum dance - jig - kalattuut - reel |Instrumentation = accordion - drum |Other = angakkog }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Irish- and Scottish-Canadian [13] |Styles = ballad - Cape Breton fiddling - emigrant ballad - sean nos - shape note |Dance = reel - step dance - strathspey |Instrumentation = fiddle |Other = ceilidh }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Irish-American [14] |Styles = ballad - emigrant ballad - sean nos |Dance = clogging - hornpipe - jig - reel - step dance - square dance |Instrumentation = banjo - dulcimer - fiddle - guitar - harmonica - mandolin |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Iroquois [15] |Styles = |Dance = Eagle Dance - Quiver Dance - Warrior's Stomp Dance |Instrumentation = drum - rattle - water drum |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Italian-American |See = Italy }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Japanese-American |See = Japanese }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Jewish-American [16] |Styles = cantorial chant - klezmer |Dance = bulgar - doina - freylekh - hora - khosidl - mazurka - nigun - polka - sirba - waltz |Instrumentation = cello - clarinet - double bass - flute - tsimbl - violin |Other = badkhn - Freygish - kapelye }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Lakota |See = Sioux }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Louisiana Creole [17] |Styles = la la - mellows - zydeco |Dance = bamboula - ring dance |Instrumentation = accordion - fiddle - guitar - washboard |Other = Congo Square - fais-do-do }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Maritime Canada [18] |Styles = Cape Breton fiddling - milling song |Dance = jig - reel |Instrumentation = accordion - fiddle - piano |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Menomini [19] |Styles = |Dance = |Instrumentation = water drum |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Metis [9] |Styles = |Dance = step dance |Instrumentation = fiddle |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Mexican, Mejicano, Hispanic, New Mexico and Tejano [20] |Styles = alabado - bravata - California mission music - conjunto - copla - corrido - estribillo - huapango arribeño - jarabe - letra - mariachi - Matachines - Mexican son - pirekua - son huasteco - sones abajeños - sones calentanos - sones de arpa grande - sones istmeños - son jaliscense - son jarocho - topada - vallena - zandunga |Dance = chotis - jarabe tapatío - jarana - Matachines - mazurka - polka - raspa - redowa - waltz - xtoles - zandunga - zapateado |Instrumentation = accordion - angelus bell - bajo sexto - fiddle - harp - huapanguera - jarana - guitarra quinta - guitarrón - mission bell - requinto - vihuela - violin |Other = trovadore - vaquero }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Moravian-American |See = German-American }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Navajo [21] |Styles = gift song - signal song - sway song - Yeibichai |Dance = circle dance - Squaw Dance |Instrumentation = pot drum - rattle - water drum |Other = Blessingway - Enemyway - Ghostway - hataałii - hózhǫ́ - Nightway - Yeibichai }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = New England [22] |Styles = folk hymn - lining out - Old Way of Singing - psalmody - shape note |Dance = barn dance |Instrumentation = |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Newfoundland |Styles = ballad - sea shanty - sean nos |Dance = hornpipe - jig - reel - step dance - square dance |Instrumentation = bodhrán - fiddle - guitar - harmonica - accordion - spoons |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = New Mexico |See = Mexican / Hispanic }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Ojibwa [23] |Styles = war song |Dance = |Instrumentation = water drum |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Omaha [24] |Styles = |Dance = pipe dance |Instrumentation = |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Pueblo [25] |Styles = Matachines - work song |Dance = Matachines |Instrumentation = Anasazi flute - drum - flageolet |Other = New Mexico - Shalako }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Quebecois [9] |Styles = accord de pieds |Dance = |Instrumentation = |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = San Ildefonso |See = Pueblo }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Santo Domingo |See = Pueblo }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Scottish-Canadian |See = Irish- and Scottish-Canadian }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Sioux [19] |Styles = |Dance = Grass Dance |Instrumentation = bell - drum - rattle |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Southern states [26] |Styles = ballad - brass band - Delta blues - blues-harp - fife and drum band - folk hymn - jug band - Sacred Harp - shape note - Southern gospel - white spiritual |Dance = barn dance - chicken in the breadtray - clogging - fisher's hornpipe - Highland fling - jig - lancer - pigeonwing - polka - quadrille - reel - square dance - waltz |Instrumentation = banjo - dulcimer - fiddle - guitar - harmonica - mandolin |Other = singing }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Taos Pueblo |See = Pueblo }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Tejano, sometimes called Tex-Mex |See = Mexican }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Tohono O'odham [27] |Styles = chicken scratch (waila) - conjunto |Dance = chotis - mazurka - polka - waila |Instrumentation = accordion - bass guitar - drum - fiddle - guitar |Other = piest }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Ukrainian-American and Canadian |See = Ukrainian }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Western Canada and the United States [28] |Styles = cattle call - cowboy song - frontier ballad - holler - waltz - Western swing - work song |Dance = square dance |Instrumentation = accordion - banjo - fiddle - guitar - harmonica |Other = Caller - Chisholm Trail - cowboy poetry - medicine show }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Yaqui [29] |Styles = |Dance = Danza del Venado |Instrumentation = |Other = }}{{Folk country row |Tradition = Zuni |See = Pueblo }}{{Folk country table end}} See also
References
|author = Abel, E. Lawrence |isbn = 0-8117-0228-6 |location = Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania |publisher = Stackpole Books |title = Singing the New Nation: How Music Shaped the Confederacy, 1861 - 1865 |year = 2000 }}
|author = Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham (eds.) |edition = First |isbn = 1-85828-636-0 |location = London |publisher = Rough Guides |title = Rough Guide to World Music |year = 2000 }}
|author = Burk, Cassie, Virginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips |title = America's Musical Heritage |publisher = Laidlaw Brothers |year = 1942 }}
|author = Crawford, Richard |isbn = 0-393-04810-1 |location = New York |publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |title = America's Musical Life: A History |year = 2001 }}
|author = Darden, Robert |isbn = 0-8264-1436-2 |location = New York |publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group |title = People Get Ready: A New History of Black Gospel Music |year = 2004 }}
|author = Fussell, Fred C. |isbn = 0-8078-5459-X |publisher = North Carolina Folklife Institute |title = Blue Ridge Music Trails: Finding a Place in the Circle |year = 2003 }}
|author = Lankford, Ronald D. Jr. |isbn = 0-8256-7300-3 |location = New York |publisher = Schirmer Trade Books |title = The Changing Voice Music of Protest USA |year = 2005 }}
|author = Lornell, Kip |isbn = 0-399-53033-9 |location = New York |publisher = Berkely Publisher Group |title = NPR Curious Listener's Guide to American Folk |year = 2004 }}
|accessdate=September 12, 2005 |title=Music and Theater |url=http://www.mdhc.org/bibliotest/essays.php?essay=20 |work=Maryland History and Culture |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507153258/http://www.mdhc.org/bibliotest/essays.php?essay=20 |archivedate=May 7, 2005 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|author = Ritchie, Fiona |isbn = 0-399-53071-1 |location = New York |publisher = Berkley Publishing Group |title = The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Celtic Music |year = 2004 }}
|author = Philip V. Bohlman |author2=Bruno Nettl |author3=Charles Capwell |author4=Thomas Turino |author5=Isabel K. F. Wong |edition = Second |isbn = 0-13-230632-8 |publisher = Prentice Hall |title = Excursions in World Music |year = 1997 }}
|author = Nettl, Bruno |location = Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey |publisher = Prentice Hall |title = Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents |year = 1965 }}
|author = Sawyers, June Skinner |edition = First |isbn = 0-306-81007-7 |publisher = Da Capo Press |title = Celtic Music: A Complete Guide |year = 2000 }}
|author = Titon, Jeff Todd, David Locke, David P. McAllester, Anne K. Rasmussen, Jonathan P. J. Stock, David B. Reck, John M. Schechter, Timothy Cooley, and R. Anderson Sutton |edition = Fifth |editor = Jeff Todd Titon (Ed.) |isbn = 0-02-872602-2 |location = New York |publisher = Schirmer Books/Cengage |title = Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples |year = 2008 }}
|author = van der Merwe, Peter |isbn = 0-19-316121-4 |location = Oxford |publisher = Clarendon Press |title = Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music |year = 1989 }}
|accessdate=April 3, 2006 |title=International Dance Glossary |url=http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary |work=World Music Central |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207075840/http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary |archivedate=February 7, 2006 |deadurl=yes |df= }} Notes1. ^Darden, pgs. 8, 43 - 45, 48, 57; Broughton, Viv and James Attlee, "Devil Stole the Beat" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 568 - 579; Crawford, pgs. 107, 111 - 112, 409 - 411; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 96 - 97; van de Merwe; Titon, Jeff Todd, "North America/Black America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 106 - 166; Lornell, pgs. 75 - 77, 82 - 83 2. ^Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 202; Crawford, pgs. 70, 71, 157 - 158; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 11, 34; Lankford, pg. 117; Lornell, pgs. 65 - 67; World Music Central {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207075840/http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary |date=2006-02-07 }} 3. ^Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66 4. ^Fussell, pgs. 3, 6 - 10; Ritchie, pgs. 52, 57; Barraclough, Nick and Kurt Wolff, "High an' Lonesome" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 536 - 551; Crawford, pg. 601; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 101 - 105; Lankford, pg. 38; Lornell, pgs. 15 - 17, 65 - 67, 82 - 83 5. ^There is some ambiguity in usage regarding some of these terms. Bluegrass, for example, is not generally considered folk music, but is often loosely categorized along with it, and is especially associated with the Appalachian style. The term old-time music is also ambiguous, and can refer to styles of folk music from outside the Appalachian area. The American folk revival was a musical field in the 1950s and 60s that drew on many styles of American folk music, especially Appalachian music; however, the folk revival itself produced much undebateably popular music and little or no true folk music, depending on the precise definition of that term used. 6. ^Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 150 7. ^Broughton, Simon and Jeff Kaliss, "Music Is the Glue", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 552 - 567; Lornell, pgs. 70 - 71 8. ^1 2 Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603 9. ^1 2 Foran, Charles, "No More Solitudes", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 350 - 361 10. ^Crawford, pgs. 53 - 55; Maryland Music and Theatre {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507153258/http://www.mdhc.org/bibliotest/essays.php?essay=20 |date=2005-05-07 }}; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 30, 44 11. ^Crawford, pg. 10 12. ^Foran, Charles and Etienne Bours, "No More Solitudes" and "Sealskin Hits" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 350 - 361 and 143 - 145 13. ^Sawyers, pgs. 75 - 78, 194 - 198, 228 - 230 14. ^Sawyers, pgs. 62 - 67; 196 - 199, 208 - 290, 228 - 230 15. ^Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 161; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66 16. ^Broughton, Simon, "Rhythm and Jews" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 581 - 591; Lornell, pgs. 77 - 78 17. ^Broughton, Simon and Jeff Kaliss, "Music Is the Glue", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 552 - 567; Crawford, pgs. 118 - 119; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pg. 99; Lornell, pgs. 87 - 88 18. ^Ritchie, pg. 54 19. ^1 McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66 20. ^Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 54 - 56; Farquharson, Mary and Ramiro Burr, "Much More Than Mariachi" and "Accordion Enchilada", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 463 - 476 and pgs. 604 - 614; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 193 - 194; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 48 - 49, 52, 190 - 191; Lornell, pg. 22 - 23, 72 - 73, 78 - 79 21. ^Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 165; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66 22. ^Crawford, pgs. 24 - 25; World Music Central {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207075840/http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary |date=2006-02-07 }} 23. ^Crawford, pg. 391; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66 24. ^Crawford, pg. 400 25. ^Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603; Crawford, pg. 8; Lornell, pg. 22 - 23 26. ^Crawford, pgs. 162 - 164; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pg. 138; van de Merwe; Sawyers, pgs. 197, 208; Lankford, pgs. 38, 65 - 67, 75, 84 - 85; Abel, pgs. 132 - 134, 172; World Music Central {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207075840/http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary |date=2006-02-07 }} 27. ^Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603; Lornell, pgs. 73 - 74 28. ^Crawford, pg. 430, 433 - 435, 609; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 107, 187 - 189, 192 - 198; Lornell, pgs. 74 - 75, 85 - 86 29. ^World Music Central {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207075840/http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary |date=2006-02-07 }} 2 : Lists of music genres|Folk music |
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