“List of recognized higher education accreditation organizations”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This is a list of recognized higher education related accreditation organizations. The list includes agencies and organizations that play a role in higher education accreditation and which are recognized by the appropriate governmental authorities.

International

The International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) is a global association of quality assurance organizations, both governmental and non-governmental. It

was founded in 1991 with 8 member organizations and now has over 280.^[1] It defines its role as "to promote and advance excellence in higher education through the support of an active international community of quality assurance agencies".^[2] Its membership list is available online.^[3]

The United States-based Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) (a non-governmental organization) maintains an International Directory which "contains contact information about 467 quality assurance bodies, accreditation bodies and Ministries of Education in 175 countries. The quality assurance and accreditation bodies have been authorized to operate by their respective governments either as agencies of the government or as private (nongovernmental) organizations."^[4]

Europe

The European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA) disseminates information, experiences and good practices in the field of quality assurance (QA) in higher education to QA agencies, public authorities and higher education institutions in the European Higher Education Area.^[5] It is a membership organization, comprising 51 agencies in 28 countries,^[6] and was established in 2000 following a recommendation from the Council of the European Union in 1998.^[7]

The European Quality Assurance Register for Higher Education (EQAR) was established by ENQA, the European Students' Union (ESI), the European University Association (EUA) and the European Association of Institutions in Higher Education (EURASHE) – the European representative bodies of quality assurance agencies, students, universities and other higher education institutions – to increase the transparency of quality assurance in higher education across Europe. EQAR publishes and manages a register of quality assurance agencies that substantially comply with the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance (ESG) to provide the public with clear and reliable information on quality assurance agencies operating in Europe. The register is web-based and freely accessible.^[8]

ENIC - NARIC comprises all countries of Europe (including the Holy See and thus all Pontifical Universities worldwide) as well as Australia, Canada, Israel, the United States of America and New Zealand.^[9] The website also provides information on the higher education systems of the member countries and the accreditation agencies

To implement the Lisbon Recognition Convention and, in general, to develop policy and practice for the recognition of qualifications, the Council of Europe and UNESCO have established the ENIC Network (European Network of National Information Centres on academic recognition and mobility). The Council of Europe and UNESCO/CEPES jointly provide the Secretariat for the ENIC Network. The ENIC Network cooperates closely with the NARIC Network of the European Union.

The Network is made up of the national information centres of the States party to the European Cultural Convention or the UNESCO Europe Region. An ENIC is a body set up by the national authorities. While the size and specific competence of ENIC may vary, they will generally provide information on: - the recognition of foreign diplomas, degrees and other qualifications; - education systems in both foreign countries and the ENIC’s own country; - opportunities for studying abroad, including information on loans and scholarships, as well as advice on practical questions related to mobility and equivalence.

The NARIC (National Academic Recognition Information Centre) network is an initiative of the European Commission and was created in 1984. The network aims at improving academic recognition of diplomas and periods of study in the Member States of the European Union (EU) countries, the European Economic Area (EEA) countries and Turkey. The network is part of the Community's Lifelong Learning Programme (LLP), which stimulates the mobility of students and staff between higher education institutions in these countries.

All member countries have designated national centres, the purpose of which is to assist in promoting the mobility of students, teachers and researchers by providing authoritative advice and information concerning the academic recognition of diplomas and periods of study undertaken in other States. The main users of this service are higher education institutions, students and their advisers, parents, teachers and prospective employers.

The NARICs were designated by the Ministries of Education in the respective countries, but the status and the scope of work of individual NARICs may differ. In the majority of States, institutions of higher education are autonomous, taking their own decisions on the admission of foreign students and the exemption of parts of courses of study programmes that students may be granted on the basis of education undertaken abroad. As a result, most NARICs do not take a decision, but offer on request information and advice on foreign education systems and qualifications.

Finland

Universities may be founded or accredited only by an Act of Parliament.^[10] Vocational universities may be accredited by the Government of Finland, and governed through the Ministry of Education.

Germany

The Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany (Kultusministerkonferenz or KMK) was founded in 1948 by an agreement between the states of the Federal Republic of Germany.^[11] Among its core responsibilities, the KMK ensures quality development and continuity in tertiary education.^[12] Bachelor and Master programs must be accredited in accordance to a resolution of the Kultusministerkonerenz.^[13]

The German Council of Science and Humanities (Wissenschaftsrat) was founded on September 5, 1957, and conducts institutional accreditation of private and religious universities since 2001.^[14]

The Foundation for the Accreditation of Study Programs in Germany or Accreditation Council (Akkreditierungsrat) was created in a KMK resolution on October 15, 2004.^[15] The Accreditation Council certifies accreditation agencies and establishes guidelines and criteria for program and system accreditation.^[16] There are currently ten certified agencies.^[17]

These agencies accredit programs of study for Bachelor and master's degrees and quality management systems (system accreditation) from state or state recognized Higher Education institutions in Germany and abroad.^[18] AKAST only accredit programs of study.

Spain

In Spain, ANECA or Agencia Nacional de la Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation) is the authorised national body responsible for the quality of the Spanish high education system.^[19] It was created as a foundation in 2002 by the Cabinet of Spain under the Organic Law of Universities.

United Kingdom

Under the Education Reform Act 1988 it is illegal to offer a degree or qualification that implies it is a degree, unless the institution offering it is authorised by a Royal Charter or by or under an Act of Parliament, or is acting on behalf of an institution so authorised, or the award has been specifically designated by order of the Secretary of State.^[20] The government maintains lists of "recognised bodies" that have the right to grant UK degrees,^[21] and of "listed bodies" that offer courses validated by a recognised body and leading to degrees of that body.^[22] UK institutions offering courses leading to degrees are subject to quality assurance by the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA).^[23] The QAA is a member of INQAAHE and ENQA.^[3]^[6] Higher Education Degree Datacheck is the official service for validating British degrees and authenticating universities.

For non-degree qualifications, including courses at the higher education level, there are four public accrediting bodies for the four countries of the United Kingdom. These are:

All qualifications accredited by these bodies will have a level and a credit value on the Regulated Qualifications Framework (England and Northern Ireland), the Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales, or the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework. Bodies with accredited qualifications, such as City & Guilds, may themselves accredit education providers to deliver courses leading to these qualifications.

There are, additionally, four bodies offering institutional accreditation for private colleges that are recognized by the UK government for visa purposes:^[26]

Additionally, the Open and Distance Learning Quality Council (ODLQC) was established by the government in 1969 as the Council for the Accreditation of Correspondence Colleges and took its current name in 1995. It is now an independent body that accredits home study, distance learning and online learning providers.^[31]

Switzerland

It is the Swiss national quality assurance body and the first Swiss quality label geared towards adult continuing education founded in 2000. EduQua is an accreditation body recognized and supported by the Swiss Confederate Government.

Ghana

The Independent Security Council (ISC), Ghana Medical Association (GMA), Pharmacy Council, General Legal Council (GLC) are the most notable and recognised professional bodies in Ghana. Though the GMA and GLC may effectively represent the government of Ghana, the Independent Security Council is the official non-governmental Body established with the mandate to provide security training; award and accredit security programs. Unlike the GMA and GLC, the Independent Security Council academically partner with universities with security-focused departments with the aim of offering such universities courses to local citizens.

Other government recognised professional Bodies like Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET), Engineering Council of Ghana, National Board for Professional and Technician Examination, and National Council for Tertiary Education are mandated with level of regulatory status in specific fields of respective practices.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications (HKCAAVQ) conducts accreditation under an ordinance that took effect on 1 October 2007.^[32] The former Hong Kong Council for Academic Accreditation was replaced by this new authority. The HKCAAVQ maintains a list of accredited programs^[33] and programs accredited by the HKCAAVQ also may be entered into Hong Kong's Qualifications Register.^[34]

India

Universities in India are created constitutionally, through government action. Institutions "which are not established under either

Central or State or UGC Act" are labeled "fake universities/vishwavidyalayas" and lack authority to grant degrees.^[35]

Recognition or accreditation of courses of study is under the authority of a set of professional councils established by statute and other autonomous coordinative or regulatory bodies established or recognized by the University Grants Commission:^[36]

Malaysia

In Malaysia, the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) is a statutory body to accredit academic programs provided by educational institutions providing post secondary or higher education and facilitate the accreditation and articulation of qualifications.

There are also some other recognized organizations who regulate their specific technical fields, which includes:

Nepal

Universities in Nepal are established through government action. Four current universities, Four being established universities and Three other technical institutes are recognized by the government body "University grants commission".^[59]^[60]

Other than that, the Council For Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT), established in 1989, by the Government of Nepal is the national autonomous apex body of Technical and Vocational Education and Training regulation. There are also some other recognized organizations who regulate their specific technical fields. They are:

New Zealand

Nicaragua

A university in Nicaragua (public or private) can only be established with evaluation and approval (authorisation) by the National Council of Universities (CNU Consejo Nacional de Universidades) as precursor to being founded by Act of Parliament. Such recognised universities enjoy the full Anglo-Saxon-style autonomy and require no programme accreditations. The National Council of Evaluation and Accreditation (CNEA) is the quality assurance agency. All recognised universities must participate in the quality assurance programme including mandatory auto-evaluation and reporting to CNEA, and may pursue deliberate institutional accreditation by CNEA or an accreditation agency recognised by CNEA. However, CNEA accreditation does only apply to already recognised universities and does not substitute the required CNU authorisation (first accreditation).^[67]

Pakistan

In 2003, Canada began helping Pakistan develop an accreditation system. As stated in "Ordinance No. LIII of 2002, Para 10, Clause e", the Higher Education Commission (HEC) may set up national or regional evaluation councils or authorize any existing council or similar body to carry out accreditation of institutions including their departments, facilities and disciplines by giving them appropriate ratings.

United Arab Emirates

United States

Regional accreditors

There are six regional accreditors involved in higher education accreditation in the United States.^[84]

Additionally, the Board of Regents of the State of New York is recognized as an accreditor for degree-granting institutions of higher education in the state that designate the agency as their sole or primary accrediting agency.^[85] New York is the only state that is eligible to be federally recognized as an accreditor under a grandfather clause in federal law that allows recognition for state agencies if they were recognized as accreditors before October 1, 1991.^[86] Through a 1984 Charter with the Board of Regents of the State of New York, the New York State Association of Independent Schools provides accreditation for New York independent schools that are pre-K through 12th grade.

National accreditors

The national accreditors get their name from their common (but not universal) practice of accrediting schools nationwide or even worldwide.

Programmatic accreditation

These accreditors typically cover a specific program of professional education or training, but in some cases they cover the whole institution. CHEA maintains a list of recognized US programmatic accreditors^[93] and the U.S. Department of Education similarly maintains a list of Specialized Accrediting Agencies, covering both programmatic and faith-based accreditors.^[94]

National faith-based accreditors

There are four recognized nationwide faith-based accrediting bodies in the United States, all also recognised by the U.S. Department of Education.^[84]

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.inqaahe.org/presentation|title=Presentation|publisher=INQAAHE| accessdate=2 April 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.inqaahe.org/mission| title=Mission|publisher=INQAAHE| accessdate=2 April 2017}}
3. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.inqaahe.org/full-members-list|title=Full Members|publisher=INQAAHE|accessdate=2 April 2017}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chea.org/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=337&MenuKey=main |title=CHEA International Directory |publisher=CHEA |date= |accessdate=1 April 2017}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://enqa.eu/|title=ENQA | European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education|publisher=Enqa.eu|accessdate=2014-05-07}}
6. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.enqa.eu/index.php/enqa-agencies/members/full-members/|title=Members|publisher=ENQA|accessdate=2 April 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enqa.eu/index.php/about-enqa/enqa-history/|title=ENQA History|publisher=ENQA|accessdate=2 April 2017}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eqar.eu/|title=EQAR: Home|publisher=Eqar.eu|accessdate=2014-05-07}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enic-naric.net/ |title=Enic-Naric |publisher=Enic-Naric |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2009/20090558 |title=FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 24.7.2009/558 |publisher=Finlex.fi |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
11. ^Standing Conference of the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany, Foundation and Composition
12. ^Standing Conference of the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany, Qualitätssicherung im Hochschulbereich
13. ^Kultusministerkonferenz. Ländergemeinsame Strukturvorgaben gemäß § 9 Abs. 2 HRG für die Akkreditierung von Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen. October 10, 2003, amended September 18, 2008
14. ^Council of Sciences and Humanities, Function {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417091550/http://www.wissenschaftsrat.de/engl_start.htm |date=April 17, 2010 }}
15. ^Resolution of the Standing Conference of the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany of December 16, 2004. Agreement on the Foundation "Foundation: Accreditation of Study Courses in Germany." {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313114918/http://www.akkreditierungsrat.de/fileadmin/Seiteninhalte/Stiftung/recht.Grundlagen/Foundation_Law.pdf |date=March 13, 2012 }}
16. ^Accreditation Council, Mission Statement
17. ^Accreditation Council, Accreditation Agencies
18. ^Accreditation Council, Accreditation of Programs
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aneca.es/eng/ |title=ANECA|publisher=Aneca.es |accessdate=2014-08-24}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/part/IV/crossheading/unrecognised-degrees |title=Education Reform Act 1988, sections 214 to 217 |publisher=Opsi.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-05-24}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/check-a-university-is-officially-recognised/recognised-bodies|title=Check if a university or college is officially recognised: recognised bodies|website=Gov.uk|accessdate=21 October 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/check-a-university-is-officially-recognised/listed-bodies|title=Check if a university or college is officially recognised: listed bodies|website=Gov.uk|accessdate=21 October 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.qaa.ac.uk/about-us|title=About us|publisher=Quality Assurance Agency|accessdate=21 October 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c16061/accreditation_list/|title=Accreditation information table|date=20 September 2016|publisher=Higher Education Statistics Agency|accessdate=21 October 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c16061/accreditation_guidance/|title=Professional, Statutory and Regulatory Bodies (PSRBs) and professional accreditation of undergraduate programmes|date= 5 May 2016|publisher=Higher Education Statistics Agency|accessdate=21 October 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/immigration-rules/immigration-rules-part-3-students|title=Immigration Rules part 3: students|at=A57B(c)(ii)|publisher=UK Home Office|accessdate=2 April 2017|date=3 January 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enqa.eu/index.php/enqa-agencies/affiliates/|title=Affiliates|publisher=ENQA|accessdate=2 April 2017}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/organisation/structure|title=Management and structure|publisher=British Council|accessdate=2 April 2017}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/education/accreditation|title=Accreditation|publisher=British Council|accessdate=2 April 2017}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ablsaccreditation.co.uk/|title=ABLS Accreditation: The Accreditation Body for Language Services|publisher=ABLS|accessdate=2 April 2017}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://odlqc.org.uk/open-distance-learning-quality-council |title=The Open & Distance Learning Quality Council |publisher=ODLQC|date= |accessdate=2 April 2017}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hkcaa.edu.hk/ |title=Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications |publisher=Hkcaa.edu.hk |date= |accessdate=2011-05-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721090000/http://www.hkcaa.edu.hk/ |archivedate=2011-07-21 |df= }}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hkcaavq.edu.hk/en/accredited.asp |title=List of Programmes Accredited by the HKCAAVQ |publisher=Hkcaavq.edu.hk |date=2007-12-12 |accessdate=2011-05-24}}
34. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721092716/http://www.hkqr.gov.hk/hkqr/|date=July 21, 2011}}
35. ^{{ citation |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/pressrelease_eng.pdf |title=Press Release Precautions against "Fake Universities/Vishwavidyalayas" |date=December 2011 |number=F.No-7-3/97(MPC) |publisher=University Grants Commission|accessdate=2015-03-07 }}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.education.nic.in/higedu.asp |title=Higher Education in India |publisher=Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development Department of Higher Education |date= |accessdate=2011-05-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718071823/http://www.education.nic.in/higedu.asp |archivedate=2011-07-18}}
37. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601053232/http://www.nba-aicte.ernet.in/|date=June 1, 2012}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/aicte-to-revamp-its-approval-system-next-week/382076/ |title=AICTE to revamp its approval system next week |publisher=Business-standard.com |date= |accessdate=2011-05-24}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bem.org.my/ |title=The Official Website of Board of Engineers Malaysia|publisher=Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mmc.gov.my/ |title=Official Portal of Malaysian Medical Council|publisher=Malaysian Medical Council (MMC)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://mdc.moh.gov.my/ |title=Malaysian Dental Council (MDC) :: Majlis Pergigian Malaysia (MPM)|publisher=Malaysian Dental Council (MDC)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pharmacy.gov.my/v2/en/content/pharmacy-board.html |title=Pharmacy Board | Pharmaceutical Services Divisions|publisher=Pharmacy Board Malaysia|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://tcm.moh.gov.my/v4/modules/mastop_publish/?tac=42 |title=Official Portal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division|publisher=Malaysian Chinese Medical Associations (MCMA)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fcpaam.org.my/ |title=首页 | 马来西亚中医师暨针灸联合总会 | FCPAAM|publisher=Federation of Chinese Physicians and Acupuncturists Associations Malaysia (FCPAAM)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://nursing.moh.gov.my/ |title=Official Portal of Nursing Division, Ministry of Health |publisher=Malaysia Nursing Board |accessdate=21 November 2016}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mvc.gov.my/ |title=Malaysian Veterinary Council (MVC)|publisher=Malaysian Veterinary Council (MVC)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mphm.org.my/ |title=MPHM - Malaysian Homeopathic Medical Council|publisher=Malaysian Homeopathic Medical Council (MPHM)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lam.gov.my/ |title=Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia|publisher=Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (LAM)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bqsm.gov.my/ |title=BQSM - Official Portal of Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia|publisher=Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia (BQSM)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/ |title=Malaysian Bar Council|publisher=Malaysian Bar Council|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mia.org.my/ |title=Malaysian Institute of Accountants|publisher=Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ctim.org.my/ |title=Chartered Tax Institute of Malaysia|publisher=Chartered Tax Institute of Malaysia (CTIM)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fpam.org.my/ |title=FPAM - Financial Planning Association of Malaysia|publisher=Financial Planning Association of Malaysia (FPAM)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.aicb.org.my/ |title=AICB|publisher=Asian Institute of Chartered Bankers (AICB)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.macs.org.my/ |title=MACS | Malaysian Association of Company Secretaries | Persatuan Setiausaha Syarikat Malaysia|publisher=Malaysian Association of Company Secretaries (MACS)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.maicsa.org.my/ |title=Chartered Secretaries Malaysia (MAICSA)|publisher=The Malaysian Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (MAICSA)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lppeh.gov.my/ |title=LPPEH – The Board of Valuers, Appraisers and Estate Agents Malaysia|publisher=Board of Valuers, Appraisers & Real Estate Agents Malaysia (LPPEH)|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.logistician.org.my/ |title=Welcome to LogM|publisher=The Society of Logisticians, Malaysia|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ugcnepal.edu.np/ |title=University Grants Commission |publisher=Ugcnepal.edu.np |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://wenr.wes.org/2013/03/wenr-march-2013-academic-mobility-and-the-education-system-of-nepal/ |title=Academic Mobility and the Education System of Nepal - WENR |publisher=Wenr.wes.org |date=2013-03-01 |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://nec.gov.np/ |title=Nepal Engineering Council |publisher=Nec.gov.np |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nnc.org.np/ |title=Nepal Nursing Council |publisher=Nnc.org.np |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nmc.org.np/ |title=NMC |publisher=NMC |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalpharmacycouncil.org.np/ |title=Nepal Pharmacy Council |publisher=Nepal Pharmacy Council |date=2007-05-10 |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalbarcouncil.org.np/ |title=Welcome to Nepal Bar Council, Nepal |publisher=Nepal Bar Council |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
66. ^{{cite web|url=http://nzqa.govt.nz/ |title=Home |publisher=NZQA |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=http://cnu.edu.ni/|title=CNU.::.CONSEJO NACIONAL DE UNIVERSIDADES|publisher=cnu.edu.ni|accessdate=2014-05-07}}
68. ^http://hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/QAA/externalQA/PLA/Pages/By-Accreditation-Councils.aspx
69. ^http://nacte.org.pk/#/main
70. ^http://naeac.org
71. ^http://www.nbeac.org.pk
72. ^http://www.nceac.org
73. ^http://www.ntc-hec.org.pk
74. ^http://hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/QAA/externalQA/PLA/Pages/By-Accreditation-Councils.aspx
75. ^http://pakistanbarcouncil.org
76. ^http://pcatp.org.pk
77. ^https://www.pharmacycouncil.org.pk
78. ^http://www.pec.org.pk
79. ^http://www.pmdc.org.pk
80. ^http://pnc.org.pk
81. ^http://pvmc.org.pk
82. ^http://nchpakistan.gov.pk
83. ^http://www.nct.gov.pk
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88. ^{{cite web|url=https://www2.ed.gov/admins/finaid/accred/accreditation_pg6.html|title=Regional and National Institutional Accrediting Agencies |publisher=U.S. Department of Education|accessdate=31 March 2017}}
89. ^{{Cite press release | url = http://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/education-department-establishes-enhanced-federal-aid-participation-requirements-acics-accredited-colleges | title = Education Department Establishes Enhanced Federal Aid Participation Requirements for ACICS-accredited Colleges | date = December 12, 2016 | publisher = United States Department of Education | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161226185552/http://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/education-department-establishes-enhanced-federal-aid-participation-requirements-acics-accredited-colleges | archive-date = December 26, 2016 | dead-url = no | access-date = December 28, 2016}}
90. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/Federal-Judge-Hands-a-Victory/242918|title=Federal Judge Hands a Victory to Embattled Accreditor|date=25 March 2018|author=Adam Harris|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}
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