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词条 List of Spanish irregular participles
释义

  1. Agreement

  2. Verbs with irregular participles

  3. Verbs with regular and irregular participles

  4. See also

In the Spanish language there are some verbs with irregular participles. There are also verbs with both regular and irregular participles, in which the irregular form is most used as an adjective, while the regular form tends to appear after haber to form compound perfect tenses.

Agreement

When a participle is used as adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun modified:

MasculineFeminine
Singular-o-a
Plural-os-as

Verbs with irregular participles

VerbParticipleMeaning
abrir abierto 'open(ed)'
cubrir cubierto 'covered'
decir dicho 'said'
escribir escrito 'written'
-facer1 -fecho
hacer hecho 'done, made'
morir muerto 'died, dead'
poner puesto 'put, placed'
pudrir podrido 'rotten'
romper roto 'broken'
-solver1 -suelto 'solved'
ver visto 'seen'
volver vuelto '(re)turned'

1The roots -facer and -solver appear only in prefixed forms, e.g. satisfacer, absolver. The adjective suelto means 'loose, free'.

Verbs derived from the stems in the table above have participles similar to those of their "parent" verbs — e.g. devolverdevuelto, describirdescrito. Note, however, that this pattern is not followed by corromper, whose participle is regular (corrompido), nor by bendecir and maldecir (see table below).

Verbs with regular and irregular participles

VerbRegular ParticipleIrregular ParticipleMeaning
bendecir bendecido bendito 'blessed'
elegir elegido electo 'elected, selected'
freír freído frito 'fried'
imprimir imprimido impreso 'printed'
maldecir maldecido maldito 'damned'
prender prendido preso 'arrested'
proveer proveído provisto 'supplied'

A number of former irregular participles, such as confuso ('confused', from confundir), poseso ('possessed', from poseer), and suspenso ('suspended, hung', from suspender), are nowadays used solely as adjectives, not as participles, and are therefore no longer considered as such.

See also

  • Spanish verbs
  • Spanish conjugation
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1 : Spanish grammar

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