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词条 List of sunken battleships
释义

  1. Losses

     Sunk in combat  Converted battleships  Lost at sea  Scuttled  Expended as targets 

  2. See also

  3. Notes

     Footnotes  Citations 

  4. References

     Journals  Online resources  News publications 

  5. External links

{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}

Sunken battleships are the wrecks of large capital ships built from the 1880s to the mid 20th century that were either destroyed in battle, mined, deliberately destroyed in a weapons test, or scuttled. The battleship, as the might of a nation personified in a warship, played a vital role in the prestige, diplomacy, and military strategies of 20th century nations. The importance placed on battleships also meant massive arms races between the great powers of the 20th century such as the United Kingdom, the German Empire, Japan, the United States, France, Italy, Nazi Germany, Russia, and Spain.

Although the term "battleship" appears to have been coined in 1794,[1] the term first began to see wide usage to describe certain types of ironclad warships in the 1880s,[2] now referred to as pre-dreadnoughts. The commissioning and putting to sea of {{HMS|Dreadnought|1906|6}}, in part inspired by the results of the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905,{{sfn|Breyer|1973|p=115}} marked the dawn of a new era in naval warfare and defining an entire generation of warships: the battleships. This first generation, known as the "Dreadnoughts" (and later Super dreadnoughts), came to be built in rapid succession in Europe, the Americas, and Japan with ever more tension growing between the major naval powers. However, despite the enormous sums of money and resources dedicated to the construction and maintenance of the increasing number of battleships in the world, they typically saw little combat. With the exception of the naval battles of the Russo-Japanese War and Jutland, which would be one of the last large-scale battles between capital ships,[3] no decisive naval battles between battleships were fought. Although only one battleship, {{SMS|Pommern}}, sank at Jutland, the faith placed in decisive naval battles evaporated in Germany in favor of continued warfare by attrition via submarines. When the First World War ended in 1918, much of the German High Seas Fleet was escorted to Scapa Flow, where almost all of the fleet under Ludwig von Reuter was scuttled to prevent its capture by the British. This was a fate shared by numerous other battleships.

Between the wars, the Washington Naval Treaty and the subsequent London Naval Treaty limited the tonnage and firepower of capital ships permitted to the navies of the world. The United Kingdom and the United States scrapped many of their aging dreadnoughts, while the Japanese began converting cruisers into fast battleships in the 1930s. In 1936, Italy and Japan refused to sign the Second London Naval Treaty and withdrew from the earlier treaties, prompting the United States and the United Kingdom to invoke an escalator clause in the treaty that allowed them to increase the displacement and armament of planned ships. The naval combat of World War Two saw many battleships belonging to the various nations destroyed as air power began to be realized as being crucial to naval warfare, rather than massive capital ships. As the battleship began to fall out of favor, some captured capital ships were decommissioned, stripped, and deliberately sunk in nuclear weapons tests.

The greatest loss of life in the sinking of a battleship was the 3,055 deaths aboard Yamato near Okinawa in 1945.[4]

Losses

Much like with battlecruisers, battleships typically sank with large loss of life if and when they were destroyed in battle. The first battleship to be sunk by gunfire alone,{{sfn|Forczyk|2009|p=62}} the {{ship|Russian battleship|Oslyabya}}, sank with half of her crew at the Battle of Tsushima when the ship was pummeled by a seemingly endless stream of Japanese shells striking the ship repeatedly, killing crew with direct hits to several guns, the conning tower, and the water line or below it, which became the cause of the ship's sinking.{{sfn|Forczyk|2009|pp=61–62}}{{sfn|Campbell|1978|pp=128–31}} Battleships also proved to be very vulnerable to mines, as was evidenced in the Russo-Japanese War and both World Wars. After the Battle of Port Arthur,{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=239}} a number of Russian and Japanese vessels were struck by mines and either sank or were scuttled to prevent their capture. A decade later, the Marine Nationale and Royal Navy lost three battleships, {{HMS|Irresistible|1898|6}}, {{HMS|Ocean|1898|6}}, and {{ship|French battleship|Bouvet||2}}, to Turkish mines in the waters of the Dardanelles. Torpedoes also proved to be very capable at sinking the mighty battleship: on November 21, 1944, {{USS|Sealion|SS-315|6}} sank {{Ship|Japanese battleship|Kongō||2}} with over 1200 casualties.{{sfn|Stille|2008|p=10}} {{HMS|Barham|04|6}}, another of the only two British battleships sunk by a submarine during the Second World War,{{efn|There is a case for the number of British-built battleships sunk by submarines being three rather than two, as the Japanese warship Kongō was a British-built battlecruiser reconstructed as a fast battleship.}} was struck by three torpedoes fired from {{GS|U-331}}.{{efn|U-331{{'}}s captain, Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen, believed that only one of his torpedoes struck Barham.{{sfn|Jones|1979|pp=225–32}} von Tiesenhausen was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for this action.[4]}} Barham could not make an attempt to dodge the incoming torpedoes and sank with 862 fatalities as a result of several magazine explosions that occurred after she had initially been hit by U-331{{'}}s torpedoes.{{sfn|Jones|1979|pp=258–59}}

Although mines and torpedoes constantly threatened the battleship's dominance, it was the refinement of aerial technology and tactics that led to the replacement of the battleship with the aircraft carrier as the most important naval vessel. Initially, the large scale use of aircraft in naval combat was underrated and the idea that they could destroy battleships was dismissed. Still, the United States and the Japanese Empire experimented with offensive roles for aircraft carriers in their fleets.[5] One notable early military science pioneer of aviation in naval role was US Army General Billy Mitchell, who commandeered {{SMS|Ostfriesland}} for testing of his theory in July 1921. Though these tests did not impress his contemporaries, they forced the US Navy to begin diverting some of its budget towards researching the matter further.[6] The belief that the aircraft carrier was junior to the battleship began to evaporate when the Imperial Japanese Navy, in a surprise attack, destroyed nearly the entire United States Pacific Fleet at anchor at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 solely by air power.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=274}} The captain of the {{ship|German battleship|Bismarck||2}}, Ernst Lindemann, had almost dodged the Royal Navy until he was undone by British reconnaissance aircraft. Although almost every sea battle in World War Two involved gunfire between surface warships to some degree,{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=273|ps=: "In the event, World War II did involve a good number of battles in which exchange of gunfire between of gunfire between large surface warships was crucial, or even the sole action, and in most engagements it played at least a part."}} their time as the senior ship of a nation's fleet had run its course.

Those battleships belonging to the Central Powers that survived World War I often did not survive its aftermath. The most infamous example of the scuttling of capital ships after the First World War was the incident at Scapa Flow, where German admiral Ludwig von Reuter successfully scuttled 52 of the 74 ships of the High Seas Fleet.{{sfn|Herwig|1980|p=256}} The Austrians too disliked the idea of surrendering their fleet to their enemies, the Italians. On 1 November 1918, as the ship was being transferred to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, Austrian battleship {{SMS|Viribus Unitis||2}} was mined and sunk at Pola by two Italian frogmen, Raffaele Paolucci and Raffaele Rossetti, unaware of the transfer.[7] Similarly, on 27 November 1942, the Vichy French government scuttled the majority of the French fleet at Toulon. Scuttling a battleship was, repeatedly through history, a last act of defiance against an enemy.

By tradition and maritime law, sunken warships remain the property of the government of the nation that owned them, and many are treated as war graves.

Sunk in combat

The following ships were destroyed in battle and most are considered war graves.

NameNavyCasualtiesDate sunkLocationConditionNotesImage
Russian battleship|Poltava|1894|2}}{{efn|Poltava was sunk by Japanese artillery 5 December 1904 during the Siege of Port Arthur,{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=164}} then she was captured, refloated, given the Japanese name Tango, and refitted.{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=451}}{{sfn|Lengerer (September 2008)|p=52}}{{sfn|Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=19}} She was sold back to the Russian Empire during World War I and renamed Chesma.{{sfn|Lengerer (September 2008)|p=52}}{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=91}}}}Russia}}NoneMcLaughlin|2003|p=164}}McLaughlin|2003|p=164}}McLaughlin|2003|p=91}}—}}
Russian battleship|PobedaPobeda, like Poltava, was sunk by Japanese artillery at the Siege of Port Arthur on 7 December 1904,{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|pp=115, 163–64}} but was refloated by the Japanese and given the name Suwo, and also refitted.{{sfn|Lengerer|2008|pp=41, 43–44}}}}Russia}}NoneJentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=20}}McLaughlin|2003|p=164}}Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=20}}Pobeda{{'}}s scrapping, there is some discussion over whether or not she served in the Japanese Imperial Navy as Suwo until being broken up in 1946.{{sfn>Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=20}}{{sfn|McLaughlin (September 2008)|p=49}} This is unlikely because this does not appear in the Fukui's Shinzo's authoritative work, Japanese Naval Vessels at the End of World War II.
Russian battleship|Oslyabya2}Russia}}McLaughlin gives the death toll at 470 men,{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=61}} while Campbell gives 514.{{sfn|Campbell|1978|pp=128–31}} Neither Forczyk nor McLaughlin give numbers for the amount of sailors rescued,{{sfn|Forczyk|2009|p=62}} but Campbell states that 385 men were saved by Russian destroyers.{{sfn|Campbell|1978|pp=128–31}}}}Forczyk|2009|p=62}}Grant|2008|p=251}}UnknownForczyk|2009|p=62}}
Russian battleship|Imperator Aleksandr III|1901|2}}Russia}}Forczyk|2009|p=67}}Grant|2008|p=250}}Campbell|1978|p=135}}UnknownA granite obelisk stands in St. Petersburg in memory of the crew of Imperator Aleksandr III.[8]
Russian battleship|Borodino2}Russia}}Campbell|1978|p=135}}Forczyk|2009|pp=67, 70}}Grant|2008|p=250}}Unknown—}}
Russian battleship|Knyaz Suvorov2}Russia}}Forczyk|2009|p=67}}Campbell|1978|p=187}}Grant|2008|p=250}}Unknown—}}
Russian battleship|Navarin2}Russia}}Forczyk|2009|p=70}}{{sfn|Warner|Warner|2002|p=514}}Evans|Peattie|1997|p=122}}Warner|Warner|2002|p=514}}Unknown—}}
Russian battleship|Sissoi Veliky2}Russia}}McLaughlin|2003|p=83}}Bogdanov|2004|p=77}}Grant|2008|p=250}}Unknown—}}
Formidable|1898|6}}UK}}Burt|1988|pp=170–72}}Burt|1988|pp=170–72}}50|13|N|3|4|W|display=inline|name=HMS Formidable (1898)}} Off Portland Bill, English Channel{{sfn|Burt|1988|pp=170–72}}Unknown—}}
Irresistible|1898|6}}UK}}Burt|1988|p=174}}Chesneau|1979|p=8}}Dardanelles[5]UnknownA flag from HMS Irresistible, recovered from the ship by Ottoman forces, now adorns a wall at the Istanbul Military Museum.
Goliath|1898|6}}UK}}Burt|1988|pp=158–59}}Burt|1988|pp=158–59}}Burt|1988|pp=158–59}}Unknown—}}
Triumph|1903|6}}{{efn|Originally, Triumph was built for the Chilean Navy and christened Libertad, or Liberty.{{sfn|Burt|1988|p=262}}}}UK}}Burt|1988|p=276}}Burt|1988|p=276}}Burt|1988|p=276}}Unknown—}}
Majestic|1895|6}}UK}}R. A. Burt's Burt|1988}}|British Battleships 1889–1904 states 49 men died in HMS Majestic{{'}}s sinking,{{sfn|Burt|1988|p=131}} while according to Gardiner|Gray|1985}}|Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906–1921, only 40 men were killed.{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=7}}}}Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=7}}40|02|30|N|26|11|02|E|display=inline|name=HMS Majestic (1895)}} Cape Helles, Gallipoli Peninsula{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=7}}Unknown—}}
Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm}}{{efn|SMS Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm would be sold to the Ottoman Empire in 1910, and she was renamed {{ship|Ottoman battleship|Barbaros HayreddinLangensiepen|Güleryüz|1995|pp=16–17}}}}German Empire}}Langensiepen|Güleryüz|1995|p=28}}Hore|2006|p=66}}Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=390}}Unknown—}}
Pommern}}German Empire}}Staff|2010|p=13}}Staff|2010|p=13}}Campbell|1998|p=338}}UnknownCampbell|1998|p=338}}
French battleship|Suffren2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}Caresse|2010|p=26}}Caresse|2010|p=26}}39|10|N|10|48|W|display=inline|name=French battleship Suffren}} Off Lisbon, Portugal{{sfn|Caresse|2010|p=26}}Unknown—}}
French battleship|Gaulois2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}Caresse|2012|pp=133–34}}Grant|2008|p=263}}36|15|N|23|42|E|display=inline|name=French battleship Gaulois}} Off Cape Maleas, Aegean Sea{{sfn|Caresse|2012|pp=133–34}}Unknown—}}
Cornwallis|1901|6}}UK}}Burt|1988|p=209}}Burt|1988|p=214}}35|06|N|15|11|E|display=inline|name=HMS Cornwallis (1901)}} Off Malta{{sfn|Burt|1988|p=214}}{{sfn|Chesneau|1979|p=37}}Unknown—}}
French battleship|Danton2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}296 killed[9]19 March 1917[9]38|45|35|N|8|3|30|E|display=inline|name=French battleship Danton}} Mediterranean Sea[9]1000|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[9]—}}
Viribus Unitis}}Austro-Hungarian Empire}}300 killed[10]1 November 1918[10]44|52|9|N|13|49|9|E|display=inline|name=SMS Viribus Unitis}} Pula, Croatia[10]UnknownSMS Viribus Unitis was blown up by Italian frogmen while it was being transferred to the newly formed Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs,[10] who had already named her Jugoslavija.
Szent István}}Austro-Hungarian Empire}}Sieche|1991|pp=127, 131}}Sieche|1991|pp=127, 131}}44|12|07|N|14|27|05|E|display=inline|name=SMS Szent István}} Premuda, Adriatic Sea66|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.{{sfn|Sieche|1991|pp=138, 142}}—}}
Britannia|1904|6}}UK}}Burt|1988|p=253}}9 November 1918[11]35|43|N|5|53|W|display=inline|name=HMS Britannia (1904)}} Off Cape Trafalgar, Strait of Gibraltar[11]Unknown—}}
Royal Oak|08|6}}UK}}Grant|2008|p=291}}14 October 1939[12]58|55|N|2|59|W|display=inline|name=HMS Royal Oak (08)}} Scapa Flow{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=290}}33|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[13] Royal Oak sank with about 3,000 gallons of fuel, which became such an ecological concern that the Ministry made plans to remove the oil or even raise the ship and salvage it.[14] However, after years of work by Briggs Marine, some 16,000 gallons of fuel were removed from the wreck, and the Ministry of Defence declared it to be no longer actively leaking fuel.[15] It remains to be seen how the thousands of pounds of live munitions on board Royal Oak[16] will be addressed.The ship's bell is the centerpiece to a memorial to those who died aboard Royal Oak at St Magnus' Cathedral in Kirkwall.
French battleship|Bretagne2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}Rohwer|2005|p=31}}Grant|2008|p=302}}Grant|2008|p=302}}Whitley|1998|p=44}}—}}
Greek battleship|KilkisPrior to her service in the Hellenic Navy, Kilkis was the American battleship {{USS|Mississippi|BB-23|6}}.{{sfn|Gardiner|1979|p=144}}}}Greece}}NoneGardiner|Gray|1984|p=384}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=384}}Hore|2006|p=89}}—}}
Greek battleship|LemnosBefore being purchased by the Greek government and renamed, Lemnos was the American battleship {{USS|Idaho|BB-24|6}}.{{sfn|Sondhaus|2014|pp=24–25}}}}Greece}}NoneGardiner|Gray|1984|p=384}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=384}}Scrapped[17]—}}
German battleship|Bismarck2}Nazi Germany}}Garzke|Dulin|1985|p=246}}Grant|2008|pp=282–83}}48|10|N|16|12|W|display=inline|name=German battleship Bismarck}} {{convert|650|km|mi|sp=us}} from Brest, North Atlantic{{sfn|Ballard|1990|p=221}}4791|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.{{sfn|Ballard|1990|p=221}}—}}
Russian battleship|Petropavlovsk|1911|2}}{{efn|Also known by the names Marat, after the French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat,{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=324}} and Volkhov.{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|pp=413–14}}}}Soviet Union}}McLaughlin|2003|p=402}}McLaughlin|2003|p=402}}McLaughlin|2003|p=402}}McLaughlin|2003|pp=413–14}}Marat was sunk by two German bombs, the credit for her sinking is often given purely to Stuka pilot Oberleutnant Hans-Ulrich Rudel.{{sfn>McLaughlin|2003|p=402}}
Barham|04|6}}UK}}Burt|2012|p=135}}{{sfn|Rohwer|2005|p=118}}Admiralty Historical Section|pp=201–02}}32|34|N|26|24|E|display=inline|name=HMS Barham (04)}} Off Egypt{{sfn|Burt|2012|p=135}}Unknown—}}
Arizona|BB-39|6}}USA}}DANFS Arizona}}7 December 1941[18]21|21|53|N|157|57|0|W|display=inline|name=USS Arizona (BB-39)}} Pearl Harbor{{sfn|DANFS Arizona}}Arizona was deemed to be in such terrible condition that, unlike most of the other ships around her, she could not be made serviceable again even after salvaging.{{sfn>Stillwell|1991|p=279}} Arizona{{'}}s surviving superstructure was removed and scrapped in 1942, and her main armament followed in the next year and a half.{{sfn|Wright|2002|pp=78, 80}} Today, USS Arizona is part of a larger memorial dedicated to the lives lost on 7 December 1941.[19][20] an anchor and a restored gun barrel is located at the Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza, and several of her guns were later used aboard {{USS>Nevada|BB-36|6}}.{{sfn|DANFS Nevada}} Other artifacts from the ship, such as items from the ship's silver service, are on permanent exhibit in the Arizona State Capitol Museum.[21]
Utah|BB-31|6}}USA}}DANFS Utah}}DANFS Utah}}21|22|7|N|157|57|44|W|display=inline|name=USS Utah (BB-36)}} Pearl HarborUtah capsized during the attack, and was partially salvaged but not recovered. She was later partially righted and pulled closer to shore and away from the channel.[22] Utah{{'}} wreck is almost completely submerged, with a small amount of highly corroded superstructure visible above the surface.{{sfn>DANFS Utah}}70|ft|m|abbr=on|sp=us}} walkway from nearby Ford Island that terminates in a platform with a flagpole and a plaque.[23] Other relics of the Utah are preserved at the Utah State Capitol and are regularly on display.[24]
Prince of Wales|53|6}}UK}}Chesneau|1980|p=13}}10 December 1941[25]3|33|36|N|104|28|42|E|display=inline|name=HMS Prince of Wales (53)}} South China Sea[35]71|m|ft|sp=us}} of water. Reported to have been heavily salvaged.[26]The ship's bell was recovered, restored, and displayed in the Merseyside Maritime Museum in Liverpool.[26]
Japanese battleship|Asahi2}Empire of Japan}}16 killed[27]25 May 1942[39]10|N|110|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleships Asahi}} {{convert|100|mi|km|sp=us}} from Cape Paderan, Vietnam[28]Unknown—}}
Italian battleship|Roma|1940|2}}Kingdom of Italy}}Mattesini|2002|pp=529–30}}Garzke|Dulin|1985|pp=404, 428}}41|9|28|N|8|17|35|E|display=inline|name=Italian battleship Roma (1940)}} {{convert|30|km|mi|sp=us}} north of Sardinia1000|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[29]—}}
Japanese battleship|Hiei2}Empire of Japan}}188 killed[30]14 November 1942[30]9|N|159|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Hiei}} Off Guadalcanal{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=318}}900|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[31]—}}
Japanese battleship|Kirishima2}Empire of Japan}}Stille|2008|p=20}}Stille|2008|p=20}}Grant|2008|p=318}}Kirishima lies upside down in {{convert>1100|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[32]—}}
German battleship|Scharnhorst2}Nazi Germany}}Garzke|Dulin|1985|p=176}}Garzke|Dulin|1985|p=165}}72|16|N|28|41|E|display=inline|name=German battleship Scharnhorst}} near the Norwegian North Cape{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=281}}Scharnhorst, heavily damaged by the action of Battle of the North Cape, lies upside down in {{convert>290|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.{{sfn|Williamson|2003|p=14}}—}}
French battleship|Strasbourg2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}NoneJordan|Dumas|2009|p=93}}Jordan|Dumas|2009|p=93}}Jordan|Dumas|2009|p=93}}Strasbourg was originally scuttled in Toulon harbor during the scuttling of the French fleet there in 1942, but she was raised in 1943, towed to the Bay of Lazaret, and then sunk by American aircraft 18 August 1944.{{sfn>Jordan|Dumas|2009|p=93}}
French battleship|Jean Bart|1911|2}}{{efn|In 1936, Jean Bart was renamed the Océan to free the name up for the {{sclass-|Richelieu|battleship}} of the same name, then under construction.{{sfn|Le Masson|1969|p=65}}}}France|name=Marine Nationale}}NoneWhitley|1998|p=36}}Whitley|1998|p=36}}Dumas|1985|p=231}}—}}
Japanese battleship|Musashi2}Empire of Japan}}1023 killed[33]Grant|2008|p=322}}13|7|N|122|32|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Musashi}} Sibuyan Sea[34]1000|m|ft|sp=us}} of water in several pieces.[35][36]—}}
Japanese battleship|Fusō2}Empire of Japan}}1620 killed[37]25 October 1944[37]Surigao Strait[37]185|m|ft|sp=us}} of water with pagoda mast snapped off.[38]—}}
Japanese battleship|Yamashiro2}Empire of Japan}}Tully|2009|p=21}}Grant|2008|p=323}}Grant|2008|p=323}}191|m|ft|sp=us}} of water with bow folded back over the keel of the rest of the hull, and engine room collapsed.[39]Diver John Bennett had claimed to have discovered the wreck of the Yamashiro, but no confirmation has since been forthcoming as of 2013.[40]
German battleship|Tirpitz2}Nazi Germany}}Ranges for casualties aboard the Tirpitz range wildly. William Garzke and Robert Dulin place the number of fatalities at "about 950,"{{sfn|Garzke|Dulin|1985|p=273}} but Siegfried Breyer and Erich Gröner give a specific 1204 deaths.{{sfn|Breyer|1989|p=26}}{{sfn|Gröner|1990|p=35}} The numbers in between are provided by Williamson|2003}}|Gordon Williamson, with a death toll of 971,{{sfn|Williamson|2003|p=40}} Niklas Zetterling and Michael Tamelander with an estimate of nearly 1000,{{sfn|Zetterling|Tamelander|2009|p=327}} and Sweetman|2004}}|John Sweetman with a figure of 1000 out of a crew of 1900.{{sfn|Sweetman|2004|p=248}}}}Grant|2008|p=281}}69|38|50|N|18|48|30|E|display=inline|name=German battleship Tirpitz}} Håkøybotn Bay, Norway{{sfn|Hafsten|1991|p=221}}Gröner|1990|p=35}}Tirpitz{{'}}s armor are still being sold by a Norwegian company.{{sfn>Williamson|2003|p=40}}
Japanese battleship|Kongō2}Empire of Japan}}Stille|2008|p=20}}Wheeler|1980|p=183}}26|9|N|121|23|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Kongō}} Taiwan Strait{{sfn|Wheeler|1980|p=183}}UnknownStille|2008|p=14}} but she was extensively modified into a fast battleship in 1935.{{sfn|Stille|2008|p=16}} She was the only Japanese battleship to be sunk by a submarine as well as the last battleship to be sunk by a submarine.{{sfn|Stille|2008|p=20}}
Italian battleship|Conte di Cavour2}Kingdom of Italy}}NoneCernuschi|O'Hara|2010|pp=92–93}}Cernuschi|O'Hara|2010|pp=81–85, 88}}Brescia|2012|p=59}}—}}
Japanese battleship|Yamato2}Empire of Japan}}3055[41]Grant|2008|p=327}}30|22|N|128|4|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Yamato}} East China Sea[57]340|m|ft|sp=us}} of water. Bow section is upright, while the main section of Yamato is upside down.[42]Yamato Museum at Kure,[43][44] itself founded a decade prior in 2005 near the shipyards that built Yamato.[45] The museum also features a titanic {{convert>26.3|m|ft|adj=on|sp=us}} long, 1:10 scale model of the Yamato as its centerpiece.[46]
Japanese battleship|Haruna2}Empire of Japan}}Stille|2008|p=20}}Stille|2008|p=20}}Stille|2008|p=20}}Stille|2008|p=20}}—}}
Japanese battleship|Settsu2}Empire of Japan}}None29 July 1945[47]Kure, Japan[47]Scrapped[47]Settsu had already foundered while attempting to flee from Kure, but American aircraft forced the crew to abandon the ship.[47]
Japanese battleship|Ise2}Empire of Japan}}50 killed[48]28 July 1945[48]Kure, Japan[48]Scrapped[48]—}}
Japanese battleship|Hyūga2}Empire of Japan}}200+ killed[71]1 August 1945[49]34|10|N|132|33|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Hyūga}} Kure, Japan[49]Scrapped[49]—}}

Converted battleships

Two battleships were converted into aircraft carriers either during construction or after entering service; both ships were sunk by combat action during World War II.

NameNavyCasualtiesDate sunkLocationConditionImage
Eagle|1918|6}}UK}}Smith|1995|p=189}}Smith|1995|p=189}}38|3|0|N|3|1|12|E|display=inline|name=HMS Eagle (1918)}} near Majorca{{sfn|Smith|1995|p=189}}Unknown
Japanese aircraft carrier|Shinano2}Empire of Japan}}1435 killed[50]29 November 1944[50]32|7|N|137|4|E|display=inline|name=Japanese aircraft carrier}} {{convert|105|km|mi|sp=us}} south of mainland Japan under {{convert|4000|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[50]Unknown

Lost at sea

The following battleships were lost at sea for reasons other than combat, such as foundering or being mined.

NameNavyCasualtiesDate sunkLocationConditionFateImage
Victoria|1887|6}}UK}}Daily Star, 4 September 2004}}Daily Star, 4 September 2004}}Daily Star, 4 September 2004}}Victoria, the ship lies vertically upright under {{convert>140|m|ft|sp=us}} of water. Due to Victoria{{'}}s weight and propulsion, she became deeply embedded in the soft sea floor. Only about {{convert|70|m|ft|sp=us}} of the ship is visible above the sea floor today.{{sfn|Daily Star, 4 September 2004}}Camperdown|1885|6}}{{sfn|Daily Star, 4 September 2004}}
Russian battleship|Petropavlovsk|1894|2}}Russia}}Taras|2000|p=27}}Balakin|2004|p=39}}Vinogradov|2011|pp=72–73}}UnknownVinogradov|2011|pp=72–73}}
Japanese battleship|Hatsuse2}Empire of Japan}}Forczyk|2009|p=46–47}}Forczyk|2009|p=46}}38|37|N|121|20|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Hatsuse}} Yellow Sea{{sfn|Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=18}}UnknownForczyk|2009|p=46}}
Japanese battleship|Yashima2}Empire of Japan}}NoneWarner|Warner|2002|pp=279–82}}38|34|N|121|40|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Yashima}} Yellow Sea{{sfn|Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=16}}UnknownJentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=16}}
Montagu|1901|6}}UK}}NoneBurt|1988|p=205}}Burt|1988|p=205}}Burt|1988|p=206}}Burt|1988|p=205}}
French battleship|Liberté2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}Hearst|1911|p=651}}Hearst|1911|p=651}}Gardiner|1979|p=297}}Gardiner|1979|p=297}}Chiles|2011|p=133}}
Audacious|1912|6}}UK}}Jellicoe|1919|p=141}}Jellicoe|1919|p=141}}55|32|16|N|7|24|33|W|display=inline|name=HMS Audacious (1912)}} {{convert|39|km|mi|sp=us}} of Tory Island[51][52]64|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.{{sfn|Brown|2003|p=161}}[51]Jellicoe|1919|pp=143–44}}
Bulwark|1899|6}}UK}}Para|2015|p=24}}Para|2015|p=24}}51|25|N|0|39|E|display=inline|name=HMS Bulwark (1899)}} Off Sheerness, England{{sfn|Para|2015|p=24}}UnknownPara|2015|p=24}}
Ocean|1898|6}}UK}}UnknownBurt|1988|pp=156, 174}}Burt|1988|pp=156, 174}}UnknownBurt|1988|pp=156, 174}}
French battleship|Bouvet2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}Grant|2008|p=263}}Gardiner|1979|p=295}}40|01|15|N|26|16|30|E|display=inline|name=French battleship Bouvet}} Dardanelles{{sfn|Gardiner|1979|p=295}}UnknownGardiner|1979|p=294}}
Italian battleship|Benedetto Brin2}Kingdom of Italy}}Hocking|1990|p=79}}Hocking|1990|p=79}}Hocking|1990|p=79}}UnknownDestroyed by internal explosion[53]
King Edward VII6}UK}}NoneBurt|1988|pp=247–48}}Burt|1988|pp=247–48}}108|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.{{sfn|Burt|1988|pp=249, 251}}Burt|1988|pp=247–48}}
Russell|1901|6}}UK}}Burt|1988|p=211}}Chesneau|1979|p=9}}35|54|N|14|36|E|display=inline|name=HMS Russell (1901)}} Off Valletta, Malta{{sfn|Burt|1988|p=211}}{{sfn|Chesneau|1979|p=9}}110|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.{{sfn|Burt|1988|p=211}}{{sfn|Chesneau|1979|p=9}}Burt|1988|p=211}}{{sfn|Chesneau|1979|p=9}}
Italian battleship|Leonardo da Vinci2}Kingdom of Italy}}Whitley|1998|pp=157–58}}Preston|1972|p=176}}Giorgerini|1980|pp=272, 277}}Preston|1972|p=176}}{{sfn|Allen|1964|pp=23–26}}Whitley|1998|pp=157–58}}
Russian battleship|Imperatritsa Mariya2}Russia}}McLaughlin|2003|pp=242, 306–07}}McLaughlin|2003|p=306}}McLaughlin|2003|p=306}}McLaughlin|2003|pp=242, 310}}McLaughlin|2003|pp=242, 306–07}}
Italian battleship|Regina Margherita2}Kingdom of Italy}}Hocking|1990|p=583}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=343}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=343}}68|m|ft|sp=us}}.[54]Struck two mines[54]
Russian battleship|PeresvetThe ship launched as Peresvet and was scuttled by the Russian Empire at the Siege of Port Arthur on 7 December 1904, but was raised and put to sea again by the Japanese and christened the Sagami.{{sfn|Lengerer|2008|p=44}} The Japanese then sold the ship back to the Russians, who gave her the name Chesma.{{sfn|McLaughlin (September 2008)|pp=47, 55}}}}Russia}}Anthony Preston gives the death toll of the ship's second (and final) sinking at 167{{sfn|Preston|1972|p=207}} while McLaughlin, in McLaughlin|2003}}|Russian & Soviet Battleships, gives a more modest 116 fatalities.{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=115}}}}Preston|1972|p=207}}Preston|1972|p=207}}UnknownPreston|1972|p=207}}
Vanguard|1909|6}}UK}}843 killed[55]9 July 1917[85]58|51|24|N|3|6|22|W|display=inline|name=HMS Vanguard (1909)}} Scapa Flow[85]14.2|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[56]Destroyed by internal explosion[56]
Japanese battleship|Kawachi2}Empire of Japan}}The number of casualties that resulted from the explosion of the Kawachi are high, they are disputed amongst the sources provided. Hans Lengerer's journal Lengerer|2006}}|Battleships Kawachi and Settsu says that 600 men died,{{sfn|Lengerer|2006|pp=66–84}} and Sander Kingsepp tacks on an additional 18 fatalities.{{sfn|Kingsepp|2007|pp=99–100}} Gardiner|Gray|1984}}|Gardiner and Gray and Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977}}|Jentschura, Jung and Mickel, however, agree on a figure of 700 killed.{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=239}}{{sfn|Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=24}}}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=239}}34|0|N|131|36|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Kawachi}}Lengerer|2006|pp=83–84}}Lengerer|2006|pp=83–84}}
Prince George|1895|6}}{{efn|Sometime in mid-1918, Prince George was renamed Victoria II,{{sfn|Burt|1988|p=133}} after her sister ship {{HMS|Victorious|1895|6}},{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=7}} but her name reverted to Prince George in February 1919.{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=7}}}}UK}}NoneBurt|1988|p=133}}52|44|5|N|4|38|23|E|display=inline|name=HMS Prince George (1856)}} Off Camperduin, the Netherlands{{sfn|Burt|1988|p=133}}Burt|1988|p=133}}Burt|1988|p=133}}
French battleship|France2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}New York Times, 27 August 1922}}New York Times, 27 August 1922}}47|27|6|N|3|2|0|W|display=inline|name=French battleship France}} Quiberon Bay, France{{sfn|New York Times, 27 August 1922}}UnknownNew York Times, 27 August 1922}}
Spanish battleship|España2}Spain|name=Armada Española}}NoneFernández|March 2007|p=106}}Fernández|March 2007|p=106}}305|mm|in|abbr=on|sp=us}} and a {{convert|102|mm|in|abbr=on|sp=us}} gun, but mostly destroyed by severe storms.{{sfn|Fernández|March 2007|p=106}}Fernández|March 2007|p=106}}
Spanish battleship|Alfonso XIIIThe Alonso XIII was renamed the España,{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=378}} the name of her sister ship, which had foundered in 1923,{{sfn|Fernández|March 2007|p=106}} after the unpopular king of Spain had been exiled.{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=378}}}}Spain|name=Flota Nacionalista}}Proceedings|1940|p=813}}Proceedings|1940|p=813}}43|31|26|N|3|40|44|W|display=inline|name=Spanish battleship Alfonso XIII}} Off Santander, Spain{{sfn|Proceedings|1940|p=813}}UnknownRoskill|1976|p=381}}
Spanish battleship|Jaime I2}Spain|name=Flota Republica}}NoneGardiner|Gray|1984|p=376}}Cartagena, SpainPlatón|2001|p=75}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=376}}
Schlesien}}Nazi Germany}}NoneSlavick|2003|p=233}}Slavick|2003|p=233}}Gröner|1990|p=22}}{{sfn|Slavick|2003|p=233}}Slavick|2003|p=233}}
Japanese battleship|Mutsu2}Empire of Japan}}Williams|2009|p=132}}Williams|2009|pp=129–32}}33|58|N|132|24|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Mutsu}} Seto Inland Sea{{sfn|Williams|2009|pp=129–32}}Williams|2009|pp=129–32}} the only major piece of the wreckage that remains is a {{convert|35|m|ft|adj=on|sp=us}} stretch of the hull from the bridge to turret No. 1 at a depth of about {{convert|12|m|ft|sp=us}}.{{sfn|Williams|2009|pp=140–41}}Williams|2009|pp=129–32}}
Oklahoma|BB-37|6}}USA}}NoneNewell|1957|pp=39, 42}}Newell|1957|pp=39, 42}}UnknownUSS Oklahoma has been sunk twice. She was first sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941.{{sfn|DANFS Oklahoma}} After the war, she was refloated and was tugged in May 1947 but sank in a storm on 17 May more than {{convert|500|mi|km|sp=us}} from Hawaii, nearly taking the two tugboats with her to the ocean floor.{{sfn|Newell|1957|pp=39, 42}}}}
Brazilian battleship|São Paulo2}Brazil}}NoneWhitley|1998|p=29}}[89]UnknownUnknownSources are disputed as to the date of the sinking. M. J. Whitley and several Brazilian gives the date at 6 November,{{sfn|Whitley|1998|p=29}}[57] but contemporary newspapers use 4 November.[58][59]}}
Italian battleship|Giulio CesareAfter World War Two, the Giulio Cesare was given to the Soviet Union and was given the name Novorossiysk.{{sfn|Whitley|1998|p=162}}{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|pp=419, 422}}}}Kingdom of Italy}}McLaughlin|2003|pp=419, 422}}29 October 195544|37|7|N|33|32|8|E|display=inline|name=Italian battleship Giulio Cesare}} Sevastopol, UkraineMcLaughlin|2003|p=423}}The destruction of the Novorossiysk is surrounded in controversy. The official explanation for the explosion that sank her was that a German mine left over from the Second World War blew up while she was in port (which was substantiated by the presence of such mines within {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on|sp=us}}), but theories abounded that Italian frogmen were responsible.{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=423}}{{sfn|McLaughlin|2007|pp=142–52}}{{sfn|Greene|Massignani|2004|pp=195–98}}}}

Scuttled

The following battleships were intentionally sunk while not engaged in battle.

NameNavyCasualtiesDate sunkLocationConditionNotesImage
Chinese ironclad|Dingyuan2}Qing Dynasty}}None10 February 1895WeihaiweiUnknown-}}
Russian battleship|Sevastopol|1895|2}}Russia}}Balakin|2004|p=52}}Forczyk|2009|p=47}}Balakin|2004|p=52}}Unknown—}}
Hood|1891|6}}UK}}NoneBurt|1988|p=90}}50|34|9|N|2|25|16|W|display=inline|name=HMS Hood (1891)}} Portland Harbour{{sfn|Burt|1988|p=90}}Upside down, divable—}}
French battleship|Masséna2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}NoneGardiner|Gray|1984|p=192}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=192}}Unknown—}}
Russian battleship|Slava2}Russia}}Staff|2008|p=116}}Staff|2008|pp=116–17}}Staff|2008|pp=116–17}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=294}}—}}
Russian battleship|Imperatritsa Ekaterina VelikayaImperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya was laid down as Ekaterina II, but this was only a formality.{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=228}} Later, she was renamed Svobodnaya Rossiya ({{lang-ru|Free Russia}}) by February Revolutionists.{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|p=242}}}}Russia}}NoneMcLaughlin|2003|pp=242, 310}}44|42|23|N|47|48|43|E|display=inline|name=Russian battleship Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya}} Novorossiysk, Russia{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|pp=242, 310}}Unknown—}}
König}}German Empire}}NoneGröner|1990|p=28}}Gröner|1990|p=28}}35|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[60] Somewhat damaged by metal scavenging.{{sfn|MacDonald|1998|p=73–75}}Gröner|1990|p=28}}
Kronprinz Wilhelm}}German Empire}}Staff|2010|p=37}}Staff|2010|p=37}}Staff|2010|p=37}}45|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[61]Sunk in the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow.
Markgraf}}German Empire}}Staff|2010|p=36}}Staff|2010|p=36}}Staff|2010|p=36}}45|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[62]Sunk in the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow.
Kaiser|1911|6}}German Empire}}NoneGröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}
Friedrich der Grosse|1911|6}}German Empire}}NoneGröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}} Friedrich der Grosse{{'}}s bell was returned to the Federal Republic of Germany and today is on display at the German Navy sea base at Glücksburg.{{sfn|Gröner|1990|p=26}}
Kaiserin}}German Empire}}NoneGröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}
Prinzregent Luitpold}}German Empire}}NoneGröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}
König Albert}}German Empire}}NoneGröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}Gröner|1990|p=26}}
Grosser Kurfürst|1913|6}}German Empire}}NoneGröner|1990|p=28}}Gröner|1990|p=28}}Gröner|1990|p=28}}Gröner|1990|p=28}} Her bell was purchased at auction by the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth, Hampshire.[63]
Bayern}}German Empire}}NoneGröner|1990|p=30}}Gröner|1990|p=30}}Gröner|1990|p=30}}Gröner|1990|p=30}}
Russian battleship|Rostislav2}Russia}}NoneMelnikov|2006|p=47}}45|25|0|N|36|37|43|E|display=inline|name=Russian battleship Rostislav}} Strait of Kerch{{sfn|Melnikov|2006|p=47}}Partially salvaged, reported to be extant albeit sinking into silt.[64]—}}
French battleship|Dunkerque2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}NoneWhitley|1998|p=52}}Whitley|1998|p=52}}Whitley|1998|p=52}}—}}
French battleship|Provence2}France|name=Marine Nationale}}Whitley|1998|p=44}}Whitley|1998|p=44}}Whitley|1998|p=44}}—}}
Centurion|1911|6}}UK}}NoneLenton|1998|p=574}}Lenton|1998|p=574}}UnknownHMS Centurion{{'}}s badge is on display at Shugborough Hall.[65]
French battleship|Courbet|1911|2}}France|name=Marine Nationale}}NoneWhitley|1998|p=38}}Whitley|1998|p=38}}Whitley|1998|p=38}}—}}
Schleswig-Holstein}}Nazi Germany}}NoneSchultz|1992|pp=228–48}}Williamson|2003|p=6}}Reported to be submerged and in poor condition.[66]Schleswig-Holstein{{'}}s bell is on display Military History Museum of the Bundeswehr in Dresden as of 1990.{{sfn>Gröner|1990|p=22}}
German battleship|Gneisenau2}Nazi Germany}}NoneGarzke|Dulin|1985|p=153}}{{sfn|Gröner|1990|p=32}}Gröner|1990|p=32}}Breyer|1990|p=34}}Gneisenau out of action was a raid by the Royal Air Force on the night of 26–27 February 1942 that killed 112 men, and injured another 21.{{sfn>Garzke|Dulin|1985|p=150}} She would finally be permanently sunk as a blockship in 1945 to impede Soviet forces advancing on the city of Gotenhafen.{{sfn|Gröner|1990|p=32}} One of her guns, dubbed "Caesar," was removed and placed at Austrått Fort, near Trondheim as the coastal gun "Orlandert."{{sfn|Gröner|1990|p=32}} It is today maintained as a museum.{{sfn|Williamson|2003|p=18}}
Zähringen}}Nazi Germany}}NoneGröner|1990|p=17}}Gröner|1990|p=17}}Gröner|1990|p=17}}—}}

Expended as targets

The following battleships were intentionally sunk as targets. While cheaper disposable targets were conventionally used to maintain crew proficiencies, actual ships were sometimes used to test theories about armor, ammunition, or tactics in real circumstances.

NameNavyDate sunkLocationConditionImage
Texas|1892|6}}{{efn|USS Texas was renamed the San Marcos 15 February 1911 to free the name for {{USS|Texas|BB-35|6}}.{{sfn|DANFS Texas}}}}USA}}Allen|1993|p=250}}37|43|10|N|76|05|0|W|display=inline|name=USS Texas (1892)}} Tangier Sound, Chesapeake Bay{{sfn|Allen|1993|p=250}}Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=48}}
Empress of India}}UK}}Brown|1997|pp=176–77}}Brown|1997|pp=176–77}}32|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[67]
Russian battleship|Imperator Nikolai I|1889|2}}{{efn|On 6 June 1905, the Imperator Nikolai I was renamed Iki.{{sfn|McLaughlin|2003|pp=44–45}}}}Russia}}McLaughlin|2003|pp=44–45}}UnknownUnknown
Indiana|BB-1|6}}USA}}DANFS Indiana}}DANFS Indiana}}DANFS Indiana}}
Massachusetts|BB-2|6}}USA}}DANFS Massachusetts}}Off Pensacola, Florida[68]Today an artificial sea reef[68]
Ostfriesland}}German Empire}}21 July 1921[69]37|9|8|N|74|34|3|W|display=inline|name=SMS Ostfriesland}} Chesapeake Bay[69]Unknown
Baden}}German Empire}}Schleihauf|2007|p=81}}49|49|42|N|2|23|21|W|display=inline|name=SMS Baden}} Hurd Deep, English Channel{{sfn|Schleihauf|2007|p=81}}180|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.{{sfn|Schleihauf|2007|p=81}}
Alabama|BB-8|6}}USA}}DANFS Alabama}}DANFS Alabama}}DANFS Alabama}}
Prinz Eugen|1912|6}}Austria-Hungary}}Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=334}}Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=334}}Unknown
Iowa|BB-4|6}}{{efn|On 30 April 1919, the Iowa was renamed Coast Battleship No. 4 to free her name for one of the six new South Dakota-class battleships,{{sfn|DANFS Iowa}} which would be abandoned.}}USA}}DANFS Iowa}}[70]DANFS Iowa}}Unknown
New Jersey|BB-16|6}}USA}}Wildenberg|2014|p=114}}Wildenberg|2014|p=114}}Unknown
Virginia|BB-13|6}}USA}}DANFS Virginia}}DANFS Virginia}}Unknown
Russian battleship|RetvizanAfter being raised and put into Japanese service, the Retvizan was renamed the Hizen.{{sfn|Lengerer (September 2008)|p=59}}}}Russia}}Lengerer (September 2008)|p=59}}McLaughlin|2000|p=64}}Unknown
Russian battleship|OryolAfter being captured by the Japanese, the Oryol was given the name Iwami.{{sfn|Lengerer (September 2008) 2|ref=66}}}}Russia}}Lengerer (September 2008) 2|ref=66}}Lengerer (September 2008) 2|ref=66}}Unknown
Japanese battleship|Aki2}Empire of Japan}}Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=24}}35|1|30|N|139|51|22|E|display=inline|name=Japanese battleship Aki}} Tokyo Bay{{sfn|Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=24}}Unknown
Japanese battleship|Satsuma2}Empire of Japan}}Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=23}}Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977|p=23}}Unknown
Monarch|1911|6}}UK}}London Times, 22 January 1925}}London Times, 22 January 1925}}Unknown
Emperor of India}}UK}}Brown|2006|p=22}}Brown|2006|p=22}}Gardiner|Gray|1984|p=32}}
Arkansas|BB-33|6}}USA}}Ireland|1996|pp=186–87}}Delgado|Murphy|1991}}180|ft|m|sp=us}} of water.{{sfn|Delgado|Murphy|1991}} Participated in Operation Crossroads.{{sfn|Ireland|1996|pp=186-87}}
Japanese battleship|Nagato2}Empire of Japan}}30 July 1946[71]London Times, 3 March 2007}}33.5|m|ft|sp=us}} of water.[72] Participated in Operation Crossroads.[71]
Pennsylvania|BB-38|6}}USA}}DANFS Pennsylvania}}DANFS Pennsylvania}}DANFS Pennsylvania}}
New York|BB-34|6}}USA}}Banks|2002|p=38}}Banks|2002|p=38}}Banks|2002|p=38}}
Nevada|BB-36|6}}USA}}Friedman|1985|p=420}}60-65|mi|km|sp=us}} off Pearl Harbor{{sfn|Friedman|1985|p=420}}Bonner|1996|p=108}}

See also

  • List of sunken battlecruisers
  • List of sunken aircraft carriers
  • List of sunken nuclear submarines

Notes

Footnotes

{{Notelist}}

Citations

1. ^"Battleship", The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. 4 April 2000.
2. ^Stoll, J. Steaming in the Dark?, Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 36 No. 2, June 1992.
3. ^Jeremy Black, "Jutland's Place in History," Naval History (June 2016) 30#3 pp. 16–21.
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/men/tiesenhausen.htm|title=Kapitänleutnant Freiherr Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen|last=Helgason|first=Guðmundur|website=uboat.net|accessdate=2010-01-11}}
5. ^1 Grant|2008}}|Grant 2008, p. 273
6. ^Reid, John Alden. "Bomb the Dread Noughts!" Air Classics, 2006.
7. ^Franco Favre, La Marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico, pp. 262–64.
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://palytra.com/en/about_russia/information_saint-petersburg/cathedrals_churches_info_pictures/st.nicholas_cathedral/|title=Cathedrals and churches of Saint Petersburg – St.Nicholas Cathedral|publisher=Paltra Travel|accessdate=26 August 2012}}
9. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|title=Danton wreck found in deep water|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7898890.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=19 February 2009|accessdate=19 February 2009}}
10. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.udhrm.com/clanci/2011/slucaj-bojnog-broda-viribus-unitis.html|title=Slučaj bojnog broda 'Viribus Unitis'|language=Croatian}}
11. ^1 {{Cite news|title=HMS Britannia Sunk|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=11 November 1918}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=People associated with HMS Royal Oak|url=http://www.scapaflowwrecks.com/wrecks/royal-oak/people.php|website=scapaflowwrecks.com|publisher=Scapa Flow Wrecks}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Wreck of HMS Royal Oak|url=http://www.scapaflowwrecks.com/wrecks/royal-oak/wreck.php|website=scapaflowwrecks.com|publisher=Scapa Flow Wrecks}}
14. ^{{citation|title=New battle engulfs Royal Oak|first=John|last=Arlidge|newspaper=The Observer|date=18 February 2001|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2001/feb/18/johnarlidge.theobserver}}
15. ^{{citation|url=http://www.briggsmarine.com/our-capabilities/case-studies/royal-oak-oil-removal-programme|title=Royal Oak Oil Removal Programme|publisher=Briggs Marine|accessdate=27 January 2012}}
16. ^{{citation|title=Technology gives new view of HMS Royal Oak|work=DLO News, Defence Logistics Organisation|date=August 2006|url=http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/6B743056-6C55-43B6-8539-77AD657C28B7/0/DLONews47_Aug06.pdf|format=PDF|deadurl=y|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113072849/http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/6B743056-6C55-43B6-8539-77AD657C28B7/0/DLONews47_Aug06.pdf|archivedate=2012-01-13}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Idaho|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/i1/idaho-ii.htm|publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command|date=28 September 2007|accessdate=6 December 2011}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/pearlhbr/ph-az.htm|title=Pearl Harbor Raid, 7 December 1941, USS Arizona during the Pearl Harbor Attack|publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command|accessdate=26 August 2010|deadurl=y|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901132555/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/pearlhbr/ph-az.htm|archivedate=1 September 2010}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=730&ResourceType=Structure|title=Arizona, USS (battleship) (shipwreck)|accessdate=June 21, 2008|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513003745/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=730&ResourceType=Structure|archivedate=May 13, 2008|df=}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.union.arizona.edu/traditions/scrapbook/history27-2002.php|title=U.S.S. Arizona Bell|publisher=University of Arizona|accessdate=16 July 2011}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/ref/collection/acmimages/id/35|title=Flagship of the Fleet: Life and Death of the USS Arizona|work=Current Exhibits|publisher=Arizona Capitol Museum|accessdate=22 May 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406034244/http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/ref/collection/acmimages/id/35|archivedate=6 April 2015|df=}}
22. ^{{cite web|last=National Park Service|title=USS Arizona Memorial: Submerged Cultural Resources Study (Chapter 2)|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/usar/scrs/scrs2o.htm|accessdate=21 July 2013}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Pearl Harbor Area Attractions|url=http://www.cnic.navy.mil/HAWAII/AboutUs/VisitingHawaii/TouristAttractions/index.htm|accessdate=5 May 2013}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=USS Utah – The 100th Anniversary|url=http://history.utah.gov/front_page/ussutah.html|accessdate=7 May 2013}}
25. ^{{cite web|last1=Garzke|first1=William|last2=Dulin|first2=Robert|last3=Denlay|first3=Kevin|url=https://www.pacificwrecks.com/ships/hms/prince_of_wales/death-of-a-battleship-2012-update.pdf|title=Death of a Battleship: A Reanalysis of the Tragic Loss of HMS Prince of Wales|website=Pacific Wrecks|accessdate=18 May 2012}}
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29. ^{{cite news|title=Divers locate wreck of battleships sunk on way to Malta|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120628/local/divers-locate-wreckage-of-battleship-sunk-on-way-to-malta.426404|accessdate=28 June 2012|work=Times of Malta}}
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31. ^
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39. ^https://paulallen.com/Indepth/Petrel/discoveries/ijn-yamashiro.php
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  • {{cite book|last=Jentschura|first=Hansgeorg|first2=Dieter|last2=Jung|first3=Peter|last3=Mickel|title=Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945|year=1977|publisher=United States Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-87021-893-X|lastauthoramp=y|ref={{sfnref|Jentschura|Jung|Mickel|1977}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Jones|first=Geoffrey P.|title=Battleship Barham|year=1979|publisher=William Kimber|isbn=0-7183-0416-0|ref={{sfnref|Jones|1979}}}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Jordan|first1=John|last2=Dumas|first2=Robert|title=French battleships 1922–1956|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|isbn=978-1-84832-034-5|ref={{sfnRef|Jordan|Dumas|2009}}}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Langensiepen|first1=Bernd|last2=Güleryüz|first2=Ahmet|year=1995|title=The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828–1923|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|isbn=978-0-85177-610-1|ref={{sfnref|Langensiepen|Güleryüz|1995}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Le Masson|first=Henri|title=The French Navy 1|publisher=Doubleday|year=1969|series=Navies of the Second World War|ref={{sfnref|Le Masson|1969}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|authorlink=Henry Trevor Lenton|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7|ref={{sfnref|Lenton|1998}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=MacDonald|first=Rod|year=1998|title=Dive Scapa Flow|publisher=Mainstream|isbn=978-1-85158-983-8|ref={{sfnRef|MacDonald|1998}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Mattesini|first=Francesco|title=La Marina e l'8 settembre|publisher=Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare|year=2002|oclc=61487486|ref={{sfnref|Mattesini|2002}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=McLaughlin|first=Stephen|title=The Retvizan: An American Battleship for the Czar|editor-last=Preston|editor-first=Anthony|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|year=2000|series=Warship|volume=2000–2001|isbn=0-85177-791-0|ref={{sfnref|McLaughlin|2000}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=McLaughlin|first=Stephen|year=2003|title=Russian & Soviet Battleships|publisher=United States Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1-55750-481-4|ref={{sfnref|McLaughlin|2003}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=McLaughlin|first=Stephen|title=The Loss of the Battleship Novorossiisk|editor-last=Jordan|editor-first=John|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|year=2007|series=Warship 2007|isbn=978-1-84486-041-8|ref={{sfnref|McLaughlin|2007}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Melnikov|first=R. M|year=2006|language=ru|title=Eskadrenny bronenosets "Rostislav" (1893–1920) (Эскадренный броненосец "Ростислав" (1893–1920))|publisher=M. A. Leonov|isbn=5-902236-34-7|ref={{sfnref|Melnikov|2006}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Newell|first=Gordon|year=1957|title=Pacific Tugboats|publisher=Superior Publishing|ref={{sfnRef|Newell|1957}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Para|first=Andy|title=Call the Hands|date=23 September 2015|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=1326409298|url=https://books.google.com/?id=5EwdCwAAQBAJ|ref={{sfnref|Para|2015}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Platón|first=Miguel|title=Hablan los militares: testimonios para la historia, 1939-1996|year=2001|publisher=Planeta|isbn=84-08-03783-8|ref={{sfnref|Platón|2001}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Preston|first=Antony|title=Battleships of World War I: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Battleships of All Nations 1914–1918|publisher=Galahad Books|year=1972|isbn=0-88365-300-1|ref={{sfnref|Preston|1972}}}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Reilly|first1=John C.|last2=Scheina|first2=Robert L.|year=1980|title=American Battleships 1896–1923: Predreadnought Design and Construction|publisher=United States Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-0-87021-524-7|ref={{sfnref|Reilly|Scheina|1980}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|authorlink=Jürgen Rohwer|year=2005|title=Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=United States Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1-59114-119-8|ref={{sfnRef|Rohwer|2005}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Roskill|first=Stephen|year=1976|title=Naval Policy Between the Wars, Volume 1|publisher=Collins|isbn=0-00-211561-1|ref={{sfnref|Roskill|1976}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Schleihauf|first=William|year=2007|chapter=The Baden Trials|title=Warship 2007|editor-last=Preston|editor-first=Anthony|publisher=United States Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1-84486-041-8|ref={{sfnRef|Schleihauf|2007}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Schultz|first=Willi|year=1992|title=Linienschiff Schleswig-Holstein: Flottendienst in drei Marinen|publisher=Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH|isbn=3-7822-0502-2|ref={{sfnRef|Schultz|1992}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Slavick|first=Joseph P.|year=2003|title=The Cruise of the German Raider Atlantis|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1-55750-537-8|ref={{sfnRef|Slavick|2003}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Peter C.|title=Eagle's War: War Diary of an Aircraft Carrier|publisher=Crécy Books|year=1995|isbn=0-947554-60-2|ref={{sfnref|Smith|1995}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Sondhaus|first=Lawrence|title=The Great War at Sea: A Naval History of the First World War|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107036901|ref={{sfnref|Sondhaus|2014}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Staff|first=Gary|title=Battle for the Baltic Islands 1917: Triumph of the Imperial German Navy|publisher=Pen & Sword Maritime|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84415-787-7|ref={{sfnref|Staff|2008}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Staff|first=Gary|year=2010|title=German Battleships: 1914–1918 (1)|publisher=Osprey Books|isbn=978-1-84603-467-1|ref={{sfnRef|Staff|2010}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Stille|first=Mark|title=Imperial Japanese Navy Battleship 1941–1945|date=2008|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84603-280-6|ref={{sfnref|Stille|2008}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Stillwell|first=Paul|title=Battleship Arizona: An Illustrated History|publisher=United States Naval Institute Press|year=1991|isbn=0-87021-023-8|oclc=2365447|ref={{sfnref|Stillwell|1991}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Sweetman|first=John|authorlink=John Sweetman|year=2004|title=Tirpitz: Hunting the Beast|publisher=Sutton Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0-7509-3755-9|ref={{sfnRef|Sweetman|2004}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Taras|first=Alexander|year=2000|title=Корабли Российского императорского флота 1892–1917 гг.|trans-title=Ships of the Imperial Russian Navy 1892–1917|publisher=Kharvest|series=Library of Military History|language=ru|isbn=978-985-433-888-0|ref={{sfnRef|Taras|2000}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Tully|first=Anthony P.|title=Battle of Surigao Strait|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-253-35242-2|ref={{sfnref|Tully|2009}}}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Vinogradov|first1=Sergei|last2=Fedechkin|first2=Aleksei|year=2011|title=Bronenosnyi kreyser "Bayan" i yego potomki. Od Port-Artura do Moonzunda.|trans-title=Armoured cruiser "Bayan" and her offspring. From Port Artur to Moonsund.|publisher=Yauza / EKSMO|language=ru|isbn=978-5-699-51559-2|ref={{sfnRef|Vinogradov|2011}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Warner|first=Denis|last2=Warner|first2=Peggy|title=The Tide at Sunrise: A History of the Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905|publisher=Frank Cass|year=2002|edition=2nd|isbn=0-7146-5256-3|ref={{sfnref|Warner|Warner|2002}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Keith|title=War Under the Pacific|publisher=Time-Life Books|year=1980|isbn=0-8094-3376-1|ref={{sfnref|Wheeler|1980}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Battleships of World War II|year=1998|publisher=United States Naval Institute Press|isbn=1-55750-184-X|ref={{sfnref|Whitley|1998}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Wildenberg|first=Thomas|title=Billy Mitchell's War with the Navy: The Army Air Corps and the Challenge to Seapower|publisher=United States Naval Institute Press|year=2014|isbn=9781612513324|ref={{sfnRef|Wildenberg|2014}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Williams|first=Mike|title=Mutsu – An Exploration of the Circumstances Surrounding Her Loss|editor-last=Jordan|editor-first=John|publisher=Conway|year=2009|series=Warship 2009|isbn=978-1-84486-089-0|ref={{sfnref|Williams|2009}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Williamson|first=Gordon|year=2003|title=German Battleships 1939–45|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84176-498-6|ref={{sfnRef|Williamson|2003}}}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Zetterling|first1=Niklas|last2=Tamelander|first2=Michael|year=2009|title=Tirpitz: The Life and Death of Germany's Last Super Battleship|publisher=Casemate|isbn=978-1-935149-18-7|ref={{sfnRef|Zetterling|Tamelander|2009}}}}
{{refend}}

Journals

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Allen|first=M. J.|year=1964|title=The Loss & Salvage of the "Leonardo da Vinci"|journal=Warship International|publisher=Naval Records Club|volume=I|issue=Reprint|ref={{sfnref|Allen|1964}}}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Allen|first=Francis J.|year=1993|title="Old Hoodoo": The Story of the U.S.S. Texas|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|volume=XXX|issue=3|issn=0043-0374|ref={{sfnref|Allen|1993}}}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Fernández|first1=Rafael|last2=Mitiukov|first2=Nicholas|last3=Crawford|first3=Kent|date=March 2007|title=The Spanish Dreadnoughts of the España class|journal=Warship International|volume=44|issue=1|page=106|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|issn=0043-0374|oclc=1647131|ref={{sfnref|Fernández|March 2007}}}}
  • {{cite journal|first1=Hearst|date=November 1911|title=French Battleship Blown up in Toulon Harbor|journal=Popular Mechanics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_t0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA651|author1=Magazines|ref={{sfnref|Hearst|1911}}}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Kingsepp|first1=Sander|editor-last=Ahlberg|editor-first=Lars|title=Reader Reactions and Questions|date=March 2007|journal=Contributions to the History of Imperial Japanese Warships|issue=Paper II|ref={{sfnref|Kingsepp|2007}}}}{{subscription required}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Lengerer|first1=Hans|editor-last=Ahlberg|editor-first=Lars|title=Battleships Kawachi and Settsu|date=September 2006|journal=Contributions to the History of Imperial Japanese Warships|issue=Paper I|ref={{sfnref|Lengerer|2006}}}}{{subscription required}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Lengerer|first1=Hans|editor-last=Ahlberg|editor-first=Lars|title=Tango (ex-Poltava)|date=September 2008|journal=Contributions to the History of Imperial Japanese Warships|issue=Paper V|ref={{sfnref|Lengerer (September 2008)}}}}{{subscription required}}(contact the editor at lars.ahlberg{{@}}halmstad.mail.postnet.se for subscription information)
  • {{cite journal|last=Lengerer|first=Hans|editor-last=Ahlberg|editor-first=Lars|title=Hizen (ex-Retvizan)|date=September 2008|journal=Contributions to the History of Imperial Japanese Warships|issue=Paper V|ref={{sfnref|Lengerer (September 2008)}}}}{{subscription required}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Lengerer|first1=Hans|editor-last=Ahlberg|editor-first=Lars|title=Sagami (ex-Peresvet) and Suwō (ex-Pobeda)|date=September 2008|journal=Contributions to the History of Imperial Japanese Warships|issue=Paper V|ref={{sfnref|Lengerer|2008}}}}{{subscription required}}(contact the editor at lars.ahlberg@halmstad.mail.postnet.se for subscription information)
  • {{cite journal|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Stephen|editor-last=Ahlberg|editor-first=Lars|title=Peresvet and Pobéda|date=September 2008|journal=Contributions to the History of Imperial Japanese Warships|issue=Paper V|ref={{sfnref|McLaughlin (September 2008)}}}}{{subscription required}}
  • {{cite journal|title=Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute|year=1940|publisher=United States Naval Institute|volume=66|ref={{sfnref|Proceedings|1940}}}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Sieche|first=Erwin F.|year=1991|title=S.M.S. Szent István: Hungaria's Only and Ill-Fated Dreadnought|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Warship Research Organization|volume=XXVII|issue=2|issn=0043-0374|ref={{sfnref|Sieche|1991}}}}
  • {{cite journal|editor-last=Wright|editor-first=Christopher C.|date=Mar 2002|title=The US Navy's Study of the Loss of the Battleship Arizona|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|volume=XXXIX–XL|issue=3–4, 1|issn=0043-0374|ref={{sfnref|Wright|2002}}}}
{{refend}}

Online resources

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite web|last1=Hackett|first1=Bob|last2=Kingsepp|first2=Sander|title=Combined Fleet|url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/|website=combinedfleet.com}}
  • {{cite DANFS|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/alabama-ii.html|title=Alabama II (Battleship No. 8)|work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships|publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command|date=9 November 2004|accessdate=27 June 2015|ref={{sfnref|DANFS Alabama}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/arizona-battleship-no-39-ii.html|title=Arizona|date=9 November 2004|work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships|publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command (NH&HC)|accessdate=20 November 2011|ref={{sfnref|DANFS Arizona}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|title=Indiana|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/i1/indiana-i.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040314160153/http://www.history.navy.mil:80/danfs/i1/indiana-i.htm|dead-url=y|archive-date=14 March 2004|accessdate=22 September 2011|ref={{sfnref|DANFS Indiana}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|title=Iowa|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/i/iowa-ii.html|accessdate=28 September 2011|ref={{sfnref|DANFS Iowa}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|title=Massachusetts|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/massachusetts-iii.html|accessdate=13 January 2017|ref={{sfnRef|DANFS Massachusetts}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|title=Nevada|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/n4/nevada-ii.htm|accessdate=17 October 2008|ref={{sfnref|DANFS Nevada}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|title=Oklahoma|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/o/oklahoma.html|accessdate=13 January 2017|ref={{sfnRef|DANFS Oklahoma}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|title=Texas|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/t/texas-i.html|accessdate=13 January 2017|ref={{sfnRef|DANFS Texas}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|title=Utah|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/u/utah.html|accessdate=20 October 2015|ref={{sfnref|DANFS Utah}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/v/virginia-iv.html|title=Virginia|work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships|publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command|accessdate=6 June 2015|ref={{sfnRef|DANFS Virginia}}}}
  • {{cite DANFS|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/pennsylvania-ii.html|title=Pennsylvania|work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships|publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command|accessdate=6 December 2016|ref={{sfnref|DANFS Pennsylvania}}}}
{{refend}}

News publications

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite news|last=Blanford|first=Nicholas|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2004/Sep-04/1880-divers-discover-british-ship-wreck-after-111-years.ashx|title=Divers discover British ship wreck after 111 years|work=The Daily Star|date=4 September 2004|accessdate=30 April 2016|ref={{sfnref|Daily Star, 4 September 2004}}}}
  • {{cite news|title=The Sinking of H.M.S. Monarch|url=http://wrecksite.eu/doc/wrecks/monarch2.png|accessdate=11 March 2017|agency=The Times|issue=43866|date=22 January 1925|ref={{sfnref|London Times, 22 January 1925}}}}
  • {{cite news|last=Ecott|first=Tim|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/winter_sports/article1461444.ece|title=World's best wreck diving|work=The Times|date=3 March 2007|accessdate=11 September 2009|ref={{sfnref|London Times, 3 March 2007}}}}{{subscription required}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A06E5D61039E133A25754C2A96E9C946395D6CF|title=French Battleship wrecked, 3 men lost|publisher=New York Times|date=27 August 1922|accessdate=30 November 2009|ref={{sfnref|New York Times, 27 August 1922}}}}
{{refend}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20111229231117/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/maine.htm USS Maine (Navy Historical Center)]
  • USS Maine Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery
  • Gordon Smith, Naval-History.net

2 : Lists of battleships|Lists of shipwrecks
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