| 释义 |
- Justices by time in office
- Notes
- See also
- References
A total of 114 people have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest judicial body in the United States, since it was established in 1789. Supreme Court justices have life tenure, and so they serve until they die, resign or retire, or are impeached and removed from office. For the 105 non-incumbent justices, the average length of service was 6,203 days (16 years, 359 days).[1]{{efn-ua|Average tenure in office has increased significantly over the past half-century. In 1970, the average tenure in office (for the 89 justices who had left the Court prior to 1970) was about fifteen years.[2]}} Their length of service ranges from William O. Douglas's 13,358 days ({{ayd|1939|4|17|1975|11|12}}) on the Court to the 163-day tenure of Thomas Johnson. Among the current members of the Court, Clarence Thomas's tenure of {{age in days nts|1991|10|23}} days ({{ayd|1991|10|23}}){{efn-ua|name=ongoing|As of {{FULLDATE}}}} is the longest, while Brett Kavanaugh's {{ayd|2018|10|6}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} is the briefest. The table below ranks all United States Supreme Court Justices by time in office.{{efn-ua|A nominee who was confirmed by the United States Senate but declined to serve, such as Robert H. Harrison, or who died before taking the necessary steps toward becoming a member of the Court, such as Edwin M. Stanton, is not considered to have served as a justice, and thus is not included on this list.[3]}} For five individuals confirmed for associate justice, and later served as chief justice —Charles Evans Hughes, William Rehnquist, John Rutledge, Harlan F. Stone, and Edward Douglass White—their cumulative length of service on the Court is measured. The basis of the ranking is the difference between dates; if counted by number of calendar days all the figures would be one greater, with the exception of Charles Evans Hughes and John Rutledge, who would receive two days, as each served on the Court twice (their service as associate justice and as chief justice was separated by a period of years off the Court). The start date given for each justice is the day he or she took the prescribed oath of office, with the end date being the date of the justice's death, resignation, or retirement. A highlighted row indicates a justice currently serving on the Court. Justices by time in office| {{Center|Longest Supreme Court tenure}} | {{Center>William O. Douglas}} {{Center|13,358 days
(1939–1975)}} | {{Center>Stephen Johnson Field}} {{Center|12,614 days
(1863–1897)}} | | | {{Center|Shortest Supreme Court tenure}} | {{Center>James F. Byrnes}} {{Center|452 days
(1941–1942)}} | {{Center>Thomas Johnson}} {{Center|163 days
(1792–1793)}} |
| Rank | Justice | Length
in days | Start date[3] | End date[3] |
|---|
| 1 | William O.|Douglas}} | {{nts|13358}} | April 17, 1939}} | November 12, 1975}} | | 2 | Stephen Johnson|Field}} | {{nts|12614}} | May 20, 1863}} | December 1, 1897}} | | 3 | John Paul|Stevens}} | {{nts|12611}} | December 19, 1975}} | June 29, 2010}} | | 4 | John|Marshall}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|12570}} | February 4, 1801}} | July 6, 1835}} | | 5 | Hugo|Black}} | {{nts|12447}} | August 19, 1937}} | September 17, 1971}} | | 6 | John Marshall|Harlan}} | {{nts|12360}} | December 10, 1877}} | October 14, 1911}} | | 7 | William J.|Brennan Jr.}} | {{nts|12330}} | October 16, 1956}} | July 20, 1990}} | | 8 | William|Rehnquist}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|12293}}{{efn-ua|Length of tenure includes {{nts|5376}} days' service as associate justice and {{nts|6917}} days as chief justice.}} | January 7, 1972}}
September 26, 1986 | September 3, 2005|format=hide}}September 26, 1986
September 3, 2005 | | 9 | Joseph|Story}} | {{nts|12273}} | February 3, 1812}} | September 10, 1845}} | | 10 | James Moore|Wayne}} | {{nts|11860}} | January 14, 1835}} | July 5, 1867}} | | 11 | John|McLean}} | {{nts|11406}} | January 11, 1830}} | April 4, 1861}} | | 12 | Byron|White}} | {{nts|11396}} | April 16, 1962}} | June 28, 1993}} | | 13 | Bushrod|Washington}} | {{nts|11339}} | November 9, 1798}} | November 26, 1829}} | | 14 | Anthony|Kennedy}} | {{nts|11121}} | February 18, 1988}} | July 31, 2018}} | | 15 | William|Johnson|William Johnson (judge)}} | {{nts|11046}} | May 7, 1804}} | August 4, 1834}} | | 16 | Antonin|Scalia}} | {{nts|10732}} | September 26, 1986}} | February 13, 2016}} | | 17 | Oliver Wendell|Holmes|Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.}} | {{nts|10627}} | December 8, 1902}} | January 12, 1932}} | | 18 | Roger B.|Taney}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|10425}} | March 28, 1836}} | October 12, 1864}} | | 19 | Samuel Freeman|Miller}} | {{nts|10311}} | July 21, 1862}} | October 13, 1890}} | | 20 | John|Catron}} | {{nts|10256}} | May 1, 1837}} | May 30, 1865}} | | 21 | Samuel|Nelson}} | {{nts|10136}} | February 27, 1845}} | November 28, 1872}} | | 22 | Clarence|Thomas}} | {{age in days nts|1991|10|23}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | October 23, 1991}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 23 | Edward Douglass|White}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|9929}}{{efn-ua|Length of tenure includes {{nts|6125}} days' service as associate justice and {{nts|3804}} days as chief justice.}} | March 12, 1894}}
December 19, 1910 | May 19, 1921|format=hide}}December 19, 1910
May 19, 1921 | | 24 | Joseph|McKenna}} | {{nts|9840}} | January 26, 1898}} | January 5, 1925}} | | 25 | Willis|Van Devanter}} | {{nts|9647}} | January 3, 1911}} | June 2, 1937}} | | 26 | James Clark|McReynolds}} | {{nts|9608}} | October 12, 1914}} | January 31, 1941}} | | 27 | Ruth Bader|Ginsburg}} | {{age in days nts|1993|08|10}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | August 10, 1993}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 28 | Stephen|Breyer}} | {{age in days nts|1994|08|03}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | August 3, 1994}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 29 | Sandra Day|O'Connor}} | {{nts|8894}} | September 25, 1981}} | January 31, 2006}} | | 30 | Harry|Blackmun}} | {{nts|8821}} | June 9, 1970}} | August 3, 1994}} | | 31 | Thurgood|Marshall}} | {{nts|8765}} | October 2, 1967}} | October 1, 1991}} | | 32 | Felix|Frankfurter}} | {{nts|8611}} | January 30, 1939}} | August 28, 1962}} | | 33 | Nathan|Clifford}} | {{nts|8586}} | January 21, 1858}} | July 25, 1881}} | | 34 | Robert Cooper|Grier}} | {{nts|8575}} | August 10, 1846}} | January 31, 1870}} | | 35 | Gabriel|Duvall}} | {{nts|8453}} | November 23, 1811}} | January 14, 1835}} | | 36 | Potter|Stewart}} | {{nts|8298}} | October 14, 1958}} | July 3, 1981}} | | 37 | Louis|Brandeis}} | {{nts|8288}} | June 5, 1916}} | February 13, 1939}} | | 38 | Joseph P.|Bradley}} | {{nts|7975}} | March 23, 1870}} | January 22, 1892}} | | 39 | Melville|Fuller}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|7938}} | October 8, 1888}} | July 4, 1910}} | | 40 | Harlan F.|Stone}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|7721}}{{efn-ua|Length of tenure includes {{nts|5966}} days' service as associate justice and {{nts|1754}} days as chief justice.}} | March 2, 1925}}
July 3, 1941 | July 2, 1941|format=hide}}July 2, 1941
April 22, 1946 | | 41 | Horace|Gray}} | {{nts|7553}} | January 9, 1882}} | September 15, 1902}} | | 42 | William|Cushing}} | {{nts|7527}} | February 2, 1790}} | September 13, 1810}} | | 43 | Smith|Thompson}} | {{nts|7413}} | September 1, 1823}} | December 18, 1843}} | | 44 | David Josiah|Brewer}} | {{nts|7385}} | January 6, 1890}} | March 28, 1910}} | | 45 | William R.|Day}} | {{nts|7196}} | March 2, 1903}} | November 13, 1922}} | | 46 | Stanley Forman|Reed}} | {{nts|6965}} | January 31, 1938}} | February 25, 1957}} | | 47 | Noah Haynes|Swayne}} | {{nts|6937}} | January 27, 1862}} | January 24, 1881}} | | 48 | Thomas|Todd}} | {{nts|6854}} | May 4, 1807}} | February 7, 1826}} | | 49 | David|Souter}} | {{nts|6838}} | October 9, 1990}} | June 29, 2009}} | | 50 | Peter Vivian|Daniel}} | {{nts|6716}} | January 10, 1842}} | May 31, 1860}} | | 51 | Tom C.|Clark}} | {{nts|6501}} | August 24, 1949}} | June 12, 1967}} | | 52 | Warren E.|Burger}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|6304}} | June 23, 1969}} | September 26, 1986}} | | 53 | Charles Evans|Hughes}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|6214}}{{efn-ua|Length of tenure includes {{nts|2070}} days' service as associate justice and {{nts|4144}} days as chief justice.}} | October 10, 1910}}
February 24, 1930 | June 30, 1941|format=hide}}June 10, 1916
June 30, 1941 | | 54 | Pierce|Butler|Pierce Butler (justice)}} | {{nts|6162}} | January 2, 1923}} | November 16, 1939}} | | 55 | John Marshall|Harlan II}} | {{nts|6023}} | March 28, 1955}} | September 23, 1971}} | | 56 | Henry Brockholst|Livingston}} | {{nts|5901}} | January 20, 1807}} | March 18, 1823}} | | 57 | Earl|Warren}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|5740}} | October 5, 1953}} | June 23, 1969}} | | 58 | Lewis Franklin|Powell|Lewis F. Powell Jr.}} | {{nts|5649}} | January 7, 1972}} | June 26, 1987}} | | 59 | Henry Billings|Brown}} | {{nts|5621}} | January 5, 1891}} | May 28, 1906}} | | 60 | Samuel|Chase}} | {{nts|5613}} | February 4, 1796}} | June 19, 1811}} | | 61 | George|Sutherland}} | {{nts|5586}} | October 2, 1922}} | January 17, 1938}} | | 62 | Owen|Roberts}} | {{nts|5538}} | June 2, 1930}} | July 31, 1945}} | | 63 | John|McKinley}} | {{nts|5305}} | January 9, 1838}} | July 19, 1852}} | | 64 | Henry|Baldwin|Henry Baldwin (judge)}} | {{nts|5207}} | January 18, 1830}} | April 21, 1844}} | | 65 | David|Davis|David Davis (Supreme Court justice)}} | {{nts|5198}} | December 10, 1862}} | March 4, 1877}} | | 66 | Morrison|Waite}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|5133}} | March 4, 1874}} | March 23, 1888}} | | 67 | Rufus Wheeler|Peckham}} | {{nts|5039}} | January 6, 1896}} | October 24, 1909}} | |
| 68 | John|Roberts}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{age in days nts|2005|09|29}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | September 29, 2005}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 69 | William|Paterson|William Paterson (judge)}} | {{nts|4929}} | March 11, 1793}} | September 9, 1806}} | | 70 | Robert H.|Jackson}} | {{nts|4838}} | July 11, 1941}} | October 9, 1954}} | |
| 71 | Samuel|Alito}} | {{age in days nts|2006|01|31}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | January 31, 2006}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 72 | Harold Hitz|Burton}} | {{nts|4760}} | October 1, 1945}} | October 13, 1958}} | | 73 | Samuel|Blatchford}} | {{nts|4113}} | April 3, 1882}} | July 7, 1893}} | | 74 | Mahlon|Pitney}} | {{nts|3940}} | March 18, 1912}} | December 31, 1922}} | | 75 | William|Strong|William Strong (Pennsylvania judge)}} | {{nts|3928}} | March 14, 1870}} | December 14, 1880}} | | 76 | George|Shiras Jr.}} | {{nts|3787}} | October 10, 1892}} | February 23, 1903}} | | 77 | Sonia|Sotomayor}} | {{age in days nts|2009|08|08}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | August 8, 2009}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 78 | Frank|Murphy}} | {{nts|3452}} | February 5, 1940}} | July 19, 1949}} | | 79 | James|Iredell}} | {{nts|3448}} | May 12, 1790}} | October 20, 1799}} | | 80 | Ward|Hunt}} | {{nts|3305}} | January 9, 1873}} | January 27, 1882}} | | 81 | James|Wilson}} | {{nts|3242}} | October 5, 1789}} | August 21, 1798}} | | 82 | Elena|Kagan}} | {{age in days nts|2010|08|07}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | August 7, 2010}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 83 | William Howard|Taft}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|3129}} | July 11, 1921}} | February 3, 1930}} | | 84 | Salmon P.|Chase}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|3065}} | December 15, 1864}} | May 7, 1873}} | | 85 | John Archibald|Campbell}} | {{nts|2941}} | April 11, 1853}} | April 30, 1861}} | | 86 | Stanley|Matthews|Stanley Matthews (lawyer)}} | {{nts|2866}} | May 17, 1881}} | March 22, 1889}} | | 87 | Fred M.|Vinson}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|2633}} | June 24, 1946}} | September 8, 1953}} | | 88 | Edward Terry|Sanford}} | {{nts|2574}} | February 19, 1923}} | March 8, 1930}} | | 89 | Sherman|Minton}} | {{nts|2560}} | October 12, 1949}} | October 15, 1956}} | | 90 | Wiley Blount|Rutledge}} | {{nts|2399}} | February 15, 1943}} | September 10, 1949}} | | 91 | William Burnham|Woods}} | {{nts|2320}} | January 5, 1881}} | May 14, 1887}} | | 92 | Benjamin N.|Cardozo}} | {{nts|2308}} | March 14, 1932}} | July 9, 1938}} | | 93 | Benjamin Robbins|Curtis}} | {{nts|2182}} | October 10, 1851}} | September 30, 1857}} | | 94 | Levi|Woodbury}} | {{nts|2172}} | September 23, 1845}} | September 4, 1851}} | | 95 | John Hessin|Clarke}} | {{nts|2170}} | October 9, 1916}} | September 18, 1922}} | | 96 | John|Blair|John Blair Jr.}} | {{nts|2091}} | February 2, 1790}} | October 25, 1795}} | | 97 | John|Jay}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|2079}} | October 19, 1789}} | June 29, 1795}} | | 98 (tie) | Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus|Lamar|Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II}} | {{nts|1832}} | January 18, 1888}} | January 23, 1893}} | | Charles Evans|Whittaker}} | {{nts|1832}} | March 25, 1957}} | March 31, 1962}} | | 100 | Joseph Rucker|Lamar}} | {{nts|1825}} | January 3, 1911}} | January 2, 1916}} | | 101 | Philip Pendleton|Barbour}} | {{nts|1750}} | May 12, 1836}} | February 25, 1841}} | | 102 | Oliver|Ellsworth}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|1742}} | March 8, 1796}} | December 15, 1800}} | | 103 | Horace Harmon|Lurton}} | {{nts|1651}} | January 3, 1910}} | July 12, 1914}} | | 104 | William Henry|Moody}} | {{nts|1434}} | December 17, 1906}} | November 20, 1910}} | | 105 | Alfred|Moore}} | {{nts|1375}} | April 21, 1800}} | January 26, 1804}} | | 106 | Abe|Fortas}} | {{nts|1318}} | October 4, 1965}} | May 14, 1969}} | | 107 | Arthur|Goldberg}} | {{nts|1028}} | October 1, 1962}} | July 25, 1965}} | | 108 | Howell Edmunds|Jackson}} | {{nts|887}} | March 4, 1893}} | August 8, 1895}} | | 109 | Robert|Trimble}} | {{nts|801}} | June 16, 1826}} | August 25, 1828}} | |
| 110 | Neil|Gorsuch}} | {{age in days nts|2017|04|10}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | April 10, 2017}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 111 | John|Rutledge}}{{ns}}(CJ) | {{nts|521}}{{efn-ua|Length of tenure includes {{age in days|1790|2|15|1791|3|5}} days service as associate justice and {{age in days|1795|8|12|1795|12|28}} days as chief justice.}} | February 15, 1790}}
August 12, 1795 | December 28, 1795|format=hide}}March 5, 1791
December 28, 1795 | | 112 | James F.|Byrnes}} | {{nts|452}} | July 8, 1941}} | October 3, 1942}} | | 113 | Brett|Kavanaugh}} | {{age in days nts|2018|10|06}}{{efn-ua|name=ongoing}} | October 6, 2018}} | {{#time: Y-m-d }}|format=hide}}Incumbent | | 114 | Thomas|Johnson|Thomas Johnson (jurist)}} | {{nts|163}} | August 6, 1792}} | January 16, 1793}} |
Notes{{notelist-ua|40em}}See also- List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
- List of law schools attended by United States Supreme Court Justices
- List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by seat
References1. ^{{cite web|last=Wellford|first=Rachel|title=More than 2 centuries of Supreme Court justices, in 18 numbers|date=July 9, 2018|work=PBS NewsHour|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/more-than-2-centuries-of-supreme-court-justices-in-18-numbers|publisher=NewsHour Productions (WETA-TV)|location=Arlington County, Virginia|accessdate=August 3, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Cramton|first=Roger C.|title=Reforming the Supreme Court|journal=California Law Review|volume=95|date=Fall 2007|pages=1313–1334 (at p.1316)|url=https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2216&context=facpub|accessdate=August 3, 2018|via=Cornell Law Faculty Publications}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite web| title=Justices 1789 to Present| url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx| publisher=Supreme Court of the United States| location=Washington, D.C.| accessdate=June 23, 2018}}
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