| 词条 | Liver sinusoid | ||
| 释义 |
| Name = Liver sinusoid | Latin = vas sinusoideum | Image = Sinusoid.jpeg | Caption = Sinusoid of a rat liver with fenestrated endothelial cells. Fenestrae are approx 100 nm diameter, and the sinusoidal width 5 µm. | Image2 = Hepatic structure2.svg | Caption2 = Basic liver structure | Precursor = | System = | Artery = | Vein = | Nerve = | Lymph = }} A liver sinusoid is a type of capillary known as a sinusoid capillary, or discontinuous capillary that is similar to a fenestrated capillary, having discontinuous endothelium that serves as a location for mixing of the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.[1] The liver sinusoid has a larger caliber than other types of capillaries and has a lining of specialised endothelial cells known as the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and Kupffer cells.[2] The cells are porous and have a scavenging function.[3] The LSECs make up around half of the non-parenchymal cells in the liver and are flattened and fenestrated.[4] LSECs have many fenestrae that gives easy communication between the sinusoidal lumen and the space of Disse. They play a part in filtration, endocytosis, and in the regulation of blood flow in the sinusoids.[5] The Kuppfer cells can take up and destroy foreign material such as bacteria. Hepatocytes are separated from the sinusoids by the space of Disse. Hepatic stellate cells are present in the space of Disse and are involved in scar formation in response to liver damage. Defenestration also known as capillarisation happens when LSECs are lost rendering the sinusoid as an ordinary capillary. This process precedes fibrosis.[6] EndotheliumThe liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are cultured for a variety of research purposes. The utility of these cells are of particular interest. One problem to overcome is the reversing of cellular differentiation that has made these cells highly specialized phenotypically in vitro.[7] Additional imagesReferences1. ^SIU SOM Histology GI 2. ^{{cite journal |last1=Brunt|display-authors=etal|first1=EM |title=Pathology of the liver sinusoids. |journal=Histopathology |date=June 2014 |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=907–20 |doi=10.1111/his.12364 |pmid=24393125}} 3. ^{{cite journal |last1=DeLeve |first1=LD |title=Hepatic microvasculature in liver injury. |journal=Seminars in Liver Disease |date=November 2007 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=390–400 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-991515 |pmid=17979075}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Xing |first1=Y |last2=Zhao |first2=T |last3=Gao |first3=X |last4=Wu |first4=Y |title=Liver X receptor α is essential for the capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver injury. |journal=Scientific Reports |date=18 February 2016 |volume=6 |pages=21309 |doi=10.1038/srep21309 |pmid=26887957|pmc=4758044 }} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Arii |first1=S |last2=Imamura |first2=M |title=Physiological role of sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells and their implication in the pathogenesis of liver injury. |journal=Journal of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery |date=2000 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=40–8 |doi=10.1007/s005340000070040.534 |pmid=10982590|doi-broken-date=2018-09-22 }} 6. ^{{cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=G |last2=Wang |first2=X |last3=Wang |first3=L |last4=Wang |first4=L |last5=Atkinson |first5=RD |last6=Kanel |first6=GC |last7=Gaarde |first7=WA |last8=Deleve |first8=LD |title=Role of differentiation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in progression and regression of hepatic fibrosis in rats. |journal=Gastroenterology |date=April 2012 |volume=142 |issue=4 |pages=918–927.e6 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.017 |pmid=22178212|pmc=3618963 }} 7. ^{{cite journal |authors=Sellaro TL, Ravindra AK, Stolz DB, Badylak SF. |title=Maintenance of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell phenotype in vitro using organ-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds |journal=Tissue Eng. |date=September 2007 |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=2301–2310 |url=http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Direct.asp?AccessToken=7D3LNTRB3XX5XJRFFV3MDL3FIXFJBNTD9&Show=Object&msid=-427794360 |accessdate=28 April 2013 |doi=10.1089/ten.2006.0437|pmid=17561801 }} External links
2 : Veins of the torso|Liver anatomy |
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