| 释义 |
- Pronouns Personal Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns
- Bibliography
Livonian is a Finnic language, and, as such, is closely related to both Estonian and Finnish. PronounsPersonal Pronouns| Singular | | First Person ("I") | Second Person ("You") | Third Person ("He" or "She") |
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| Nominative | mina/ma | sina/sa | täma/ta |
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| Genitive | min | sin | täm |
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| Dative | minnõn | sinnõn | tämmõn |
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| Translative | minkõks | sinkõks | tämkõks |
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| Partitive | mīnda | sīnda | tǟnda |
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| Inessive | mins/minšõ | sins/sinšõ | täms/tamšõ |
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| Elative | minst/minstõ | sinst/sinstõ | tämst/tämstõ |
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| Illative | minnõ | sinnõ | tämmõ |
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| Plural | | First Person ("We") | Second Person ("You") | Third Person ("They") |
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| Nominative | mēg | tēg | ne |
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| Genitive | mäd | täd | nänt |
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| Dative | mäddõn | täddõn | näntõn |
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| Translative | mätkõks | tätkõks | näntkõks |
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| Partitive | mēḑi | tēḑi | nēḑi |
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| Inessive | mēšši | tēšši | nēšši |
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| Elative | mēšti | tēšti | nēšti |
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| Illative | mēži | tēži | nēži |
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Note: the third person pronouns do not possess a gender in the singular or the plural. Demonstrative Pronouns Singular
("this, this one") | Plural
("these, these ones") |
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| Nominative | sīe/se | ne |
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| Genitive | sīe/se | nänt |
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| Dative | sīen | näntõn |
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| Translative | sīeks/sīekõks | näntkõks |
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| Partitive | sīeda | nēḑi |
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| Inessive | sīes/sīessõ | nẽšši |
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| Elative | sīest/sīestõ | nēšti |
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| Illative | sīezõ | nēži |
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Note: The plural demonstrative pronoun is the same as the third person plural personal pronoun. Reflexive Pronouns Singular
("myself, yourself, oneself") | Plural
("ourselves, yourself/ves, themselves") |
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| Nominative | iž | iž |
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| Genitive | eņtš | eņtš |
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| Dative | eņtšõn | eņtšõn |
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| Translative | eņtšõks | eņtšōdõks |
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| Partitive | eņtšta | eņtšidi |
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| Inessive | eņtšõs | eņtšis |
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| Elative | eņtšõst | eņtšist |
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| Illative | eņtšõ(z) | eņtšiz |
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Note: The usage of the reflexive pronoun is broad. Of course, it is used as a reflexive pronoun as in "minnõn eņtšõn um vajag...," meaning "I need..." [lit: to myself is necessary...]. However, the pronoun can also express possession; it frequently replaces the genitive forms of the personal pronouns. For example: "ma sīeda kūliz eņtš izast," or "I heard it from my father." Also, reflexive pronouns can be used in adverbial expressions: "täm eņtš ie," "this same night." Bibliography- Fanny de Siviers. 2000. Parlons Live: une langue de la Baltique. Paris: L'Harmattan. {{ISBN|2-7475-1337-8}}.
{{Uralic languages}}{{Uralic-lang-stub}} 4 : Grammars of specific languages|Finnic languages|Languages of Latvia|Livonians |