| 词条 | Lobelia inflata |
| 释义 |
|name = Indian tobacco |image = Lobelia_inflata_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-218.jpg |image_caption = Lobelia inflata[1] |genus = Lobelia |species = inflata |authority = L. }}Lobelia inflata, also known as Indian tobacco or puke weed, is a species of Lobelia native to eastern North America, from southeastern Canada (Nova Scotia to southeast Ontario) south through the eastern United States to Alabama and west to Kansas.[2] GrowthLobelia inflata is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant growing to {{convert|15|–|100|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall, with stems covered in tiny hairs. Its leaves are usually about {{convert|8|cm|in|abbr=on}} long, and are ovate and toothed. they are alternately arranged. It has violet flowers that are tinted yellow on the inside, and usually appear in mid-summer and continue to bloom into fall.[3] The seedcases are small, brown, dehiscent, and papery.[4]PropagationPropagation is usually accomplished by cuttings or seed. Seeds are sown in containers in mid spring or mid fall. The seeds take about 2 weeks to germinate. Traditional usesLobelia inflata has a long use as a medicinal plant, as an entheogenic, emetic, and a dermatological and respiratory aid.[5] Native Americans used it for respiratory and muscle disorders, as a purgative, and as a ceremonial medicine.[5] The plant was used as a traditional medicinal plant by the Cherokee, Iroquois, Penobscot, and other indigenous peoples. The foliage was burned by the Cherokee as a natural insecticide, to smoke out gnats.[5] It was widely used in the pre-Columbian New England region, long before the time of Samuel Thomson, who was erroneously credited as discovering it. It is still used medicinally in the present day;[6] however, there are adverse effects that limit its use.[7] Side effects can include sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, rapid heartbeat, mental confusion, convulsions, hypothermia, coma, and possibly death.[8] Chemical constituentsLobelia inflata has been shown to contain 52 different alkaloid compounds,[9] the most studied and medically pertinent being lobeline.[10]References1. ^Franz Eugen Köhler, 1897, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen 2. ^{{GRIN | accessdate=2009-04-09}} 3. ^Caldecott, T. Western Materia Medica: Lobelia inflata (pdf file){{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^https://wondermyway.com/2016/01/02/some-call-them-weeds/ 5. ^1 2 University of Michigan at Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany of Lobelia inflata 6. ^{{cite web | url = http://healthlibrary.epnet.com/GetContent.aspx?token=2e7354b6-ae71-4dab-90df-c7026eb1c66f&chunkiid=111703 | title = Lobelia | publisher = EBSCO Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Review Board |date=January 2006 | accessdate = 2007-09-12}} 7. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 18488285 | year = 2008 | title = Risky pills: Supplements to avoid | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–7 | journal = Consumer reports}} 8. ^{{cite web | url = https://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/lobelia | title = Lobelia | publisher = University of Maryland Medical Center | quote = It can cause serious side effects, such as profuse sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, rapid heartbeat, mental confusion, convulsions, hypothermia, coma, and possibly even death.}} 9. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1002/jms.3581 | pmid = 26259655 | title = HPLC-ESI-MS/MS of brain neurotransmitter modulator lobeline and related piperidine alkaloids in Lobelia inflataL | journal = Journal of Mass Spectrometry | volume = 50 | issue = 5 | pages = 727 | year = 2015 | last1 = Kursinszki | first1 = László | last2 = Szőke | first2 = Éva }} 10. ^{{Cite web | url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?22466 | title = Taxon: Lobelia inflata L. | work = National Plant Germplasm System}} External links
10 : Lobelia|Flora of Eastern Canada|Flora of the Northeastern United States|Flora of the North-Central United States|Flora of the Southeastern United States|Flora of the Appalachian Mountains|Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)|Entheogens|Plants used in traditional Native American medicine|Plants described in 1753 |
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