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词条 Lolcat
释义

  1. History

  2. Format

  3. Recurring characters

  4. Offshoots and parodies

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

  8. External links

A lolcat (pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɒ|l|k|æ|t}} {{respell|LOL|kat}}) is an image macro of one or more cats. The image's text is often idiosyncratic and grammatically incorrect, and is known as lolspeak.

Lolcat is a compound word of the acronymic abbreviation for LOL (laugh out loud) and the word cat.[1][2] A synonym for lolcat is cat macro or cat meme, since the images are a type of image macro and also a well-known genre of meme.[3] Lolcats are commonly designed for photo sharing imageboards and other Internet forums.

History

British portrait photographer Harry Pointer created a carte de visite series featuring cats posed in various situations in the early 1870s. To these he usually added amusing text intended to further enhance their appeal.[4] Other notable early figures include Harry Whittier Frees and (using mounted animals) Walter Potter.[5]

The first recorded use of the term "lolcat" is from the anonymous imageboard 4chan.[6][7][8] The word "Lolcat" was in use as early as June 2006, and the domain name lolcats.com was registered on June 14, 2006.[9] Their popularity was spread through usage on forums such as Something Awful.[10] The News Journal states that "some trace the lolcats back to the site 4chan, which features bizarre cat pictures on Saturdays, or 'Caturdays'." Ikenburg adds that the images have been "slinking around the Internet for years under various labels, but they did not become a sensation until early 2007 with the advent of I Can Has Cheezburger?"[11] The first image on "I CAN HAZ CHEEZBURGER?" was posted on January 11, 2007, and was allegedly from the Something Awful website."[12][13] Lev Grossman of Time wrote that the oldest known example "probably dates to 2006",[14] but later corrected himself in a blog post[15] where he recanted his statement based on the anecdotal evidence readers had sent him, placing the origin of "Caturday" and many of the images now known by a few as "lolcats" in early 2005. The domain name "caturday.com" was registered on April 30, 2005.[16]

The term lolcat gained national media attention in the United States when it was covered by Time, which wrote that non-commercialized phenomena of the sort are increasingly rare, stating that lolcats have "a distinctly old-school, early 1990s, Usenet feel to [them]".[17] Entertainment Weekly put them on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Da cutest distractshun of da decaid? Y, lolcats of corse! We can neber haz enuf of deez capshioned pics of cuddlie kittehs."[18] "Lolcat" was also a runner-up under the "Most Creative" category under the American Dialect Society Word of the Year Awards, losing out to

"Googlegänger".[19]

In December 2014, the word lolcat entered the Oxford English Dictionary, appearing in its online version.[20] It is currently a dead meme.

Format

Lolcat is a composite of two words, "lol" and "cat". "Lol" stands for "Laugh out Loud" or "Laughing out Loud"; hence, lolcats are intended to be funny and to include jokes.[21] Lolcats images comprise a photo of a cat with a large caption characteristically set in a heavy sans serif font such as Impact or Arial Black.[22] The image is, on occasion, digitally edited for effect.

The caption generally acts as a speech balloon encompassing a comment from the cat, or as a description of the depicted scene. The caption is intentionally written with deviations from standard English spelling and grammar,[22] featuring "{{Sic|hide=y|strangely|-}}conjugated verbs, but a tendency to converge to a new set of rules in spelling and grammar".[22][23][24]{{Failed verification|date=April 2011}}

The text parodies the grammar-poor patois stereotypically attributed to Internet slang. Frequently, lolcat captions take the form of phrasal templates.[24] Some phrases have a known source, usually a well-known Internet meme, such as All your base are belong to us or Do not want,[25] while others don't. The language of lolcats has also been likened to baby talk,[26] however it draws on a variety of linguistic resources, not just the imitation of baby talk.[27]

Common themes include jokes of the form "Im in ur [noun], [verb]-ing ur [related noun]."[28] Many lolcat images capture cats performing characteristically human actions or appearing to use modern technology, such as computers.{{citation needed|date = April 2012}}

There are several well-known lolcat images and single-word captions that have spawned many variations and imitations, including "Ceiling Cat" (see below). Others include Fail (a cat with a slice of processed cheese on its face)[29] and "I Can Has Cheezburger" (a portrait of a blue British Shorthair).[30] Another popular format is "[Adjective] cat is [adjective/noun]."

Recurring characters

"Ceiling Cat" is a character spawned by the meme. The original image was an image macro with a picture of a cat looking out of a hole in a ceiling, captioned "Ceiling Cat is watching you masturbate."[31] There followed numerous examples with the format "Ceiling Cat is watching you [verb ending in / rhyming with -ate]" with Ceiling Cat superimposed in the upper left hand corner of an image macro depicting the appropriate action. The underlying theme is that the cat is looking down on one, almost in a form of judgement. "Ceiling Cat" and the corresponding "Basement Cat" (a black cat who lives in the basement) represent good and evil in the lolcat universe, and in some cases God and Satan, as in the LOLCat Bible Translation Project.[32][33][34]

Offshoots and parodies

Variations on the lolcat concept include captioning photos of other animals in a similar style (e.g. loldogs for dogs, etc.).

The syntax of lolcat captions was used as the basis for LOLCODE, an esoteric programming language with interpreters and compilers available in .NET Framework, Perl, etc.[1]

In the computer game Minecraft, there is an option to change language settings to LOLCAT.

Another example is Polandball, which uses broken English, reminiscent of the lolcat meme.

lolcat, a variant of the Unix utility cat, outputs text in rainbow colours.[35]

See also

  • List of Internet phenomena
  • Laugh-Out-Loud Cats – a comic inspired by lolspeak and other Internet humor
  • LOLCODE – an esoteric programming language inspired by lolspeak
  • LOLCat Bible Translation Project – bible translation project to lolspeak
  • I Can Has Cheezburger? – a weblog featuring lolcats
  • Cats That Look Like Hitler – a type of LOLcat specifically made to look like Adolf Hitler
  • Cute cat theory of digital activism – using lowbrow but popular online subjects for activism
  • Catvertising – cats in advertising, especially the parody of commercialization of cat viral videos by st. john
  • Grumpy Cat – an Internet celebrity cat and known for her grumpy facial expression
  • Doge (meme) – an Internet meme featuring a shiba inu, with slang similar in format to lolspeak
  • O RLY? – a related meme featuring image macros, usually of a snowy owl
  • Oolong (rabbit) – a bunny trained to balance objects on its head. Famous for balancing pancakes and waffles, it has become a meme similar to lolcats.
  • Padonki – a Russian Internet subculture, with slang similar in format to lolspeak

Notes

1. ^1 {{cite web| author = Dwight Silverman| title = Web photo phenomenon centers on felines, poor spelling| publisher = Houston Chronicle| date = 2007-06-06| url = http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/4862013.html| accessdate = 2012-04-01}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118798557326508182 |title=With 'LOLcats' Internet Fad, Anyone Can Get In on the Joke |accessdate=2008-02-13 |last=Rutkoff |first=Aaron |date=2007-08-25 |publisher=Wall Street Journal}}
3. ^{{cite news |title=Laugh at cat humor |url=http://www.freep.com/article/20070518/FEATURES10/70518038/On-Web-Cat-lovers-laugh-out-loud-crazy-kitty-humor |author=Randy A. Salas |work=Akron Beacon Journal, Star Tribune |date=2007-06-09 |accessdate=2007-06-17 |quote=At first, they were called cat macros, but now go mostly by the name lolcats.}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.photohistory-sussex.co.uk/BTNPointerCats.htm |title=Harry Pointer's Brighton Cats |publisher=Photohistory-sussex.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-22}}
5. ^{{cite web |title=Even in the 1870s, humans were obsessed with ridiculous photos of cats |url=http://io9.com/5900334/even-in-the-1870s-humans-were-obsessed-with-ridiculous-photos-of-cats |author=Cyriaque Lamar |date=2012-04-09 |accessdate=2012-07-07 }}
6. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.thestar.com/living/article/257955| publisher=The Star| title=Funny how `stupid' site is addictive| last=Langton| first=Jerry| date=2007-09-22| accessdate=2008-10-04}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/2007/11/14/News/Iz.Not.Cats.Everywhere.Online.Trend.Spreads.Across.Campus-3099929.shtml |title=Iz not cats everywhere? Online trend spreads across campus |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117142809/http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/2007/11/14/News/Iz.Not.Cats.Everywhere.Online.Trend.Spreads.Across.Campus-3099929.shtml |archivedate=November 17, 2007 }}
8. ^{{cite news|first=david|last=smith|title=the unseen face behind today’s counterculture|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008/07/23/2003418192|accessdate=2008-08-25}}
9. ^{{cite web|author=Contact Us |url=http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=lolcats.com |title=WHOIS domain registration information results for lolcats.com from |publisher=Network Solutions |date= |accessdate=2012-03-22}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article1772506.ece|title=Microtrends: LOLcats|publisher=The Times|author=Tom Whitwell|date=May 12, 2007|accessdate=2008-10-21}}
11. ^"Lolcats' demented captions create a new Web language," Tamara Ikenberg, The News Journal, July 9, 2007
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://icanhascheezburger.com/about |title=About « Lolcats ‘n’ Funny Pictures – I Can Has Cheezburger? |publisher=Icanhascheezburger.com |date=2007-12-13 |accessdate=2012-03-22}}
13. ^"Original Picture, cheezburger, ICANHASCHEEZBURGER, September 26, 2007 icanhascheezburger.com
14. ^{{cite news| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1642897,00.html| title = Creating a Cute Cat Frenzy| author = Lev Grossman| publisher = Time| date = 2007-07-12| accessdate = 2007-07-16| quote = this has also spawned the digg dog which is part of the popular site titled digg.com}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://techland.com/2007/07/16/lolcats_addendum_where_i_got_t/ |title=Lolcats Addendum: Where I Got the Story Wrong |author=Lev Grossman |publisher=TIME |date=July 16, 2007 |accessdate=February 15, 2010}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/caturday.com |title=Whois Domain Information For Caturday.com}}
17. ^{{cite news|first=Lev|last=Grossman| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1642897,00.html| title = Cashing in on Cute Cats| authorlink = Lev Grossman| date = 2007-07-12| accessdate =2007-07-12| work = Time}} Partial scan of the print edition: fcrunk.wellimean.com
18. ^Geier, Thom, et al. (December 11, 2009). "The 100 Greatest Movies, TV shows, Albums, Books, Characters, Scenes, Episodes, Songs, Dresses, Music Videos, and Trends that entertained us over the past 10 Years". Entertainment Weekly. (1079/1080):74-84
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.americandialect.org/Word-of-the-Year_2007.pdf |title=Americandialect.org |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2012-03-22}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-s-new |title=Recent updates to Oxford Dictionaries |accessdate=2015-10-28}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.retrothing.com/2010/08/1950s-protololcats.html|title=1950's Proto-LOLcats|author=retrothing.com}}
22. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.dashes.com/anil/2007/04/cats-can-has-gr.html|title=Anil Dash: Cats Can Has Grammar|author=Anil Dash|date=2007-04-23|accessdate=2007-05-03}}
23. ^{{cite web| url = http://blog.wired.com/tableofmalcontents/2007/04/im_in_yr_x_ying.html| title = I'M IN YR X Y-ING YOUR Z – A Grammar of Lolcats| author = Annalee Newitz| publisher = Table of Malcontents, a Wired blog| date = 2007-04-27| accessdate = 2007-04-29| quote = These images ... usually include a cute cat saying something related to buckets, cheeseburgers, or whatever else with {{Sic|hide=y|strangely|-}}conjugated verbs.}}
24. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/004442.html| title=Language Log: Kitty Pidgin and asymmetrical tail-wags| author=Mark Liberman|date=2007-04-25|accessdate=2007-04-28}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.virginmedia.com/movies/movieextras/top10s/top-ten-star-wars-myths-and-legends.php?ssid=10|title=Top ten Star Wars myths and legends: Do not want|work=VirginMedia.com|accessdate=2008-12-30}}
26. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/internetlife/2008-04-24-lolcats-job-search_N.htm|title=Lolcat site needz ur skillz|agency=Associated Press|first=Peter|last=Svensson|date=2008-04-24|accessdate=2008-10-15}}
27. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/2579344/I_can_haz_language_play_The_construction_of_language_and_identity_in_LOLspeak|title=I can haz language play: The construction of language and identity in LOLspeak|last=Gawne|first=Lauren|last2=Vaughan|first2=Jill M.|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=2016-06-30}}
28. ^{{cite news|title= This be funny storyz|work=Tampa Bay Times|author=Jay Cridlin|date=2007-06-01|url=http://www.tbt.com/entertainment/news/article41041.ece?lol}}
29. ^{{cite web|author=Charles Bremner Toulouse Updated 6 minutes ago |url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article3304328.ece |title=Microtrends: Failure – Times Online |publisher=Technology.timesonline.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-22}}
30. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/jul2007/sb20070713_202390.htm|title=Bloggers Bring in the Big Bucks|publisher=Business Week|author=Tozzi, John|date=July 13, 2007|accessdate=2008-01-10}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://icanhascheezburger.com/2007/01/24/ceiling-cat-is-watching-you-masturbate/ |title=I CAN HAS CHEEZBURGER? » Blog Archive » ceiling cat is watching you masturbate. |publisher=icanhazcheezburger.com |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204143319/http://icanhascheezburger.com/2007/01/24/ceiling-cat-is-watching-you-masturbate/ |date=2007-01-24 |archive-date=2007-02-04 |access-date=2017-09-13}}
32. ^{{cite news|first=Charlie |last=Amter |coauthors= |title=Lolcat Bible Translation Project presents the Gospel according to Fluffy |date=2007-12-16 |publisher= |url=http://www.latimes.com/technology/la-ca-lolcat16dec16,1,6069575.story?ctrack=1&cset=true |work=Los Angeles Times |pages= |accessdate=2007-12-23 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224021046/http://www.latimes.com/technology/la-ca-lolcat16dec16%2C1%2C6069575.story?ctrack=1&cset=true |archivedate=2007-12-24 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/tribunereview/news/today/s_568828.html|title=How one hungry 'kitteh' can has the Internet lol|last=Horan|first=Brianna|accessdate=2008-06-18|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215050105/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/tribunereview/news/today/s_568828.html|archivedate=2009-02-15}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/thebigblog/archives/124063.asp?from=blog_last3|title=Time killer: The "lolcat" Bible|last=Guzman|first=Monica|accessdate=2008-06-18}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.tecmint.com/lolcat-command-to-output-rainbow-of-colors-in-linux-terminal/ |title=Lolcat – A Command Line Tool to Output Rainbow Of Colors in Linux Terminal |work=Tecmint |date=13 June 2015 |accessdate=6 March 2019}}

References

  • [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118798557326508182 With 'LOLcats' Internet Fad, Anyone Can Get In on the Joke], The Wall Street Journal, 25 August 2007
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004547/http://www.gazette.com/articles/cat_25284___article.html/sites_web.html If you give a cat a keyboard], Minneapolis Star Tribune, 26 July 2007
  • Bloggers Bring in the Big Bucks, BusinessWeek, 13 July 2007
  • {{cite journal|url=http://www.receiver.vodafone.com/19-oh-hai|title=Oh Hai! Cats, the internet, and tactical communities|first=Joshua|last=Green|work=receiver magazine|issue=Autumn|year=2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709043936/http://www.receiver.vodafone.com/19-oh-hai|archivedate=2008-07-09}}
  • {{cite news| last = Agger| first = Michael| title = Cat power: You cannot resist lolcats| work = Slate| date = 2007-05-21| url = http://www.slate.com/id/2166338/| accessdate = 2007-05-21}}

External links

{{Spoken Wikipedia|Lolcat.ogg|2008-04-04}}
  • {{Commons category-inline|Lolcats}}
  • {{Wiktionary-inline|lolcat}}
  • {{Wiktionary-inline|lolspeak}}
{{Internet Dialects}}{{Internet slang}}תופעת אינטרנט#Lolcat

7 : Cats in popular culture|Animals on the Internet|Internet memes|Internet slang|Internet humor|Photographs by topic|4chan phenomena
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