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词条 Longchen Nyingthig
释义

  1. Nomenclature, orthography and etymology

  2. History and background

  3. Revelation[8] of the Longchen Nyingtig

  4. Content

  5. Lineage

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. Notes

  9. References

  10. External links

{{Tibetan Buddhism}}{{buddhism}}

Longchen Nyingthig ({{bo-tw|t=ཀློང་ཆེན་སྙིང་ཐིག་|w=klong chen snying thig}}) is a terma, revealed scripture, of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, which gives a systematic explanation of Dzogchen. It was revealed by Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798).{{refn|group=note|Thondup & Talbott: "Longchen Nyingthig (the heart-essence of infinite expanse, or the ultimate truth of the universal openness) is a cycle of mystical teachings that represent the innermost meditation of Dzogpa Chenpo [Dzogchen], revealed by the great scholar and adept Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798). Jigme Lingpa discovered them as a "mind ter" (or "mind treasure"), teachings that were discovered from the enlightened nature of the mind.[1]}}

Nomenclature, orthography and etymology

The Longchen Nyingthig may be translated as 'seminal heart of Longchenpa', or 'vast expanse heart essence', is a reference to the central figure of Jigme Lingpa's 'pure visions' (Wylie: dag-snang) in which the texts were revealed. 'Nyingthig' (which connotes 'seminal essence' or 'heart focus'). It is worthy of note that 'thig' is an etymon of 'thig-le' which is the Tibetan translation of the Sanskrit 'bindu' the central point of the 'mandala' (Tibetan: Khor lo).

Alternate orthographies: Longchen Nyingtik.

History and background

Dzogchen teachings have been classified in three sections namely: Semde (mind class/cycle); Longde (space class/cycle); and Mengagde (direct/oral instruction class/cycle).[2]{{refn|group=note|Tradition holds Mañjushrīmītra to have first codified Atiyoga into these three indivisible sections.}}

Shri Singha divided the Mengagde into a further four cycles: the outer, inner, esoteric, and innermost esoteric cycle.[3] They are teachings on the "primordially pure nature" (or Kadag; Wylie: Ka Dag). The recognition of this "primordially pure nature" is called trekchö,{{refn|group=note|Wylie: Khregs Ch'od}} "cutting through" all the grasping, clinging and apprehending[4] which obscures the "primordially pure pure nature."

The 'innermost esoteric cycle' of the Mengagde is focused upon the 'spontaneous perfection of appearances' (Lhündrub Tögal{{refn|group=note|Wylie: Lhun Grub}} which is known as the "direct approach" (tögal{{refn|group=note|Wylie: Thod rGal}}).[5]

There are two principal historical redactions and elucidations given the nomenclature 'Nyingthig', namely the Vima Nyingthig brought to Tibet by Vimalamitra and the Khandro Nyingthig brought to Tibet by Padmasambhava.[6] Into the mindstream of Jigme Lingpa merged the mindstream tributaries of Vimalamitra and King Trisong Detsen of whom he, Jigme Lingpa, was a joint 'emanation' (Tibetan: tulku) or 'embodiment' (Sanskrit: nirmanakaya). Now as was previously stated Vimalamitra brought the Vima Nyingthig to Tibet. Padmasambhava, who brought the Khandro Nyingthig to Tibet, transmitted this to King Trisong Detsen. So both the Khandro Nyingthig and the Vima Nyingthig were within the mindstream of Jigme Lingpa and were realised by him as 'mind ter' or 'mind terma' (Wylie: dgongs-gter). As Thondup & Talbott state (1996: p. 44):

Jigme Lingpa was a reincarnation of both Vimalamitra himself and King Trisong Detsen, who was a recipient of Nyingthig teachings from Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) and Vimalamitra. So the Nyingthig teachings of two major lineages flowed together in Jigme Lingpa. Longchen Nyingthig is the essence or embodiment of the two Nyingthig traditions, Vima Nyingthig and Khandro Nyingthig.[7]

Revelation[8] of the Longchen Nyingtig

Thondup and Talbott (1995: p. 97) state that:

While transmitting esoteric teachings to his realized disciples in Tibet, Guru Padmasambhava concealed many teachings with the blessings of his enlightened mind stream in the nature of the intrinsic awareness of the minds of his disciples through the power of “mind-mandated transmission” (gtad rgya); thereby the master and disciple became united as one in the teachings and realization. Here, the master has concealed the teachings and blessings, the esoteric attainments, as ter in the pure nature of the minds of his disciples through his enlightened power, and he has made aspirations that the ter may be discovered for the sake of beings when the appropriate time comes.[9]

Thondup and Talbott (1996: p. 122) state that when Jigme Lingpa was 28 years old:

In the evening of the twenty-fifth day of the tenth month of the Fire Ox year of the thirteenth Rabjung cycle (1757), he went to bed with an unbearable devotion to Guru Rinpoche in his heart; a stream of tears of sadness continuously wet his face because he was not in Guru Rinpoche’s presence, and unceasing words of prayers kept singing in his breath.

He remained in the depths of that meditation experience of clear luminosity ('Od gSal Gyi sNang Ba) for a long time. While being absorbed in that luminous clarity, he experienced flying a long distance through the sky while riding a white lion. He finally reached a circular path, which he thought to be the circumambulation path of Charung Khashor, now known as Bodhnath Stūpa, and important Buddhist monument of giant structure in Nepal.[10]

Content

According to Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, the Longchen Nyingtik "includes the preliminary and main practices, the development and completion stages, and, most important, the practice of Ati Yoga, or Dzogchen. It thus constitutes a complete path to enlightenment."[11]

Sam van Schaik lists the contents of the major thematic sections of the Longchen Nyingthig as follows:[12]
  1. Revelation accounts and prophecy (3 texts)
  2. Root tantra and root initiation (3 texts)
  3. Outer guru sadhana (2 texts)
  4. Inner guru sadhana (4 texts)
  5. Longlife practices (4 texts)
  6. Dechen gyalmo, a peaceful dakini, (28 texts)
  7. Palchen Dupa, a yidam, (20 texts)
  8. Secret guru sadhana (4 texts)
  9. Very secret guru sadhana (1 texts)
  10. Wrathful lama practice (3 texts)
  11. Miscellaneous aspirational prayers (4 texts)
  12. Peaceful and wrathful deities (8 texts)
  13. Protectors (16 texts)
  14. Transference of consciousness (phowa, 2 texts)
  15. Practices on the channels and winds (tsa-lung, 6 texts)
  16. Practice of cutting attachment (Chöd, 2 texts)
  17. Great perfection (Dzogchen) treasure texts (4 texts)
  18. Preliminary practices (ngondro, 3 texts)
  19. Great perfection practice instructions (1 text)
  20. Supporting instructions for the above (6 texts)
  21. Additional miscellaneous texts (11 texts)

Sam van Schaik has translated some of the Dzogchen texts from the Longchen Nyingthig in "Approaching the Great Perfection" (2004). Tony Duff has also translated key texts such as "The Excellent Path to Omniscience" and "Sound of Dakini Laughter."

According to Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche, the Vidyadhara Jigme Lingpa founded the great Longchen Nyingtik lineage based on a series of mind treasures he discovered in visions. The teachings and practices of the Longchen Nyingtik are the swiftest path to enlightenment. One of its main sadhanas, The Gathering of Vidyadharas (Rigdzen Dupa), holds for this supreme accomplishment to happen.[13]

Lineage

Tradition holds that the first human master of the Longchen Nyingthig lineage was Prahevajra.[14]

The teaching was originally discovered as a terma, a revealed teaching given to the 18th century Nyingma teacher Kunkhyen Jigme Lingpa. The teaching is allegedly descended from the Dharmakaya Buddha Kuntu Zangpo (Skt. Samantabhadra), passed to the Samboghakaya Buddha Dorje Sempa (Skt. Vajrasattva), and then through a series of other teachers until it reached Guru Padmasambhava, who arrived in the mid-8th century to Tibet and converted much of the populace to Buddhism.

See also

  • Five Pure Lights
  • Tantra
  • Ganachakra
  • Liturgy

References

  • Gyatso, Janet (1998). Apparitions of the Self: The Secret Autobiographies of a Tibetan Visionary; a Translation and Study of Jigme Lingpa's 'Dancing Moon in the Water' and 'Ḍākki's Grand Secret-Talk'. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-01110-9}} (cloth: alk. paper)
  • Klein, Anne Carolyn (2009). "Heart Essence of the Vast Expanse: A Story of Transmission." Ithaca, Snow Lion, USA. {{ISBN|978-1-55939-283-9}}
  • Lingpa, Jigme & Patrul Rinpoche & Khenpo Chemchok & Gyurme Avertin (Translator) (2017). The Gathering of Vidyadharas: Text and Commentaries on the Rigdzin Düpa. Snow Lion; Translation edition; {{ISBN|1611803616}}(alk.paper)
  • Sam van Schaik: Approaching the Great Perfection: Simultaneous and gradual approaches to Dzogchen practice in Jigme Lingpa's Longchen Nyingtig (Wisdom Publications, Boston, 2004)
  • Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}
  • Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (1995). Enlightened Journey: Buddhist Practice as Daily Life. Random House, Inc. {{ISBN|1-57062-021-0}}.

Notes

1. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.xiii
2. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.32
3. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.30
4. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.32-33
5. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.33
6. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.33
7. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.44
8. ^Caveat lector: 'Revelation' is a Christianisation of 'pure vision' (Wylie: dag-snang), but draws a sensitive cultural parallel with the Christian mystical traditions, where the beginnings of the specific language and lexicon of mysticism, spirituality and religiosity were founded within the traditions of the English speaking peoples, the lexicon of which had already been established in dialogue with the other peoples they had already come in contact with and, to some degree, acculturated. This grafting, associating and conceptual bridging of language between discrete traditions that share certain phenomena is natural but to be cautioned. The Indo-Sino-Himalayan traditions of trance, meditation, dream yoga and visionary experience of which the Longchen Nyingthig is an exemplar have been refined and transmitted through documented lineages that Himalayan and lowland traditions of Vajrayana have been at a pains to document, recite and honour in oral lore. But as the Rigpa Wiki Longchen Nyingtik article employs this section heading and establishes this lexical choice, it is respected as precedent and mirrored herewith.
9. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (1995). Enlightened Journey: Buddhist Practice as Daily Life. Random House, Inc. {{ISBN|1-57062-021-0}}. p.97.
10. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.122
11. ^The Wish-Fulfilling Jewel: The Practice of Guru Yoga According to the Longchen Nyingtik Tradition, by Dilgo Khyentse, Shambhala Publications, page 8.
12. ^Van Schaik; Approaching the Great Perfection: Simultaneous and Gradual Methods of Dzogchen Practice in the Longchen Nyingtig (Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism), 2004, 40
13. ^{{cite book|last1=Lingpa|first1=Jigme|last2=Rinpoche|first2=Patrul|last3=Chemchok|first3=Khenpo|last4=Jamgon Kongtrul|first4=Lodro Taye|title=The Gathering of Vidyadharas: Text and Commentaries on the Rigdzin Düpa: Translated by Gyurme Avertin|date=September 26, 2017|publisher=Snow Lion|isbn=1-61180-361-6|page=194|edition=Translation}}
14. ^Thondup, Tulku & Harold Talbott (Editor)(1996). Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist Masters of India and Tibet. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala, South Asia Editions. {{ISBN|1-57062-113-6}} (alk. paper); {{ISBN|1-56957-134-1}}. p.xiv

References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

  • Longchen Nyingtik lineage
  • Longchen Nyingtik at RangjungYesheWiki
  • Longchen Nyingtik Series at Lotsawa House
  • www.zangthal.co.uk
{{TibetanBuddhism}}

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