| 词条 | Long-thumbed frog |
| 释义 |
| name = Long-thumbed frog | image = Limnodynastes fletcheri.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =[1] | taxon = Limnodynastes fletcheri | authority = Boulenger, 1888 | range_map = Limnodynastes fletcheri map-fr.svg | synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true|title=List |Limnodynastes marmoratus (Lamb, 1911) |Opisthodon fletcheri (Wells & Wellington, 1985) |Opisthodon lambi (Wells & Wellington, 1985) | synonyms_ref = [2] }} }} The long-thumbed frog, Fletcher's frog or barking marsh frog (Limnodynastes fletcheri) is a species of non-burrowing ground frog native to southeastern Australia. The species belongs to the genus Limnodynastes. The twelve species in the genus are characterised by a lack of toe pads. Following phylogenetic analysis, the species was placed in L.peronii clade group alongside L. depressus, L. tasmaniensis and L. peronii.[3] DescriptionThe long-thumbed frog is a medium-sized frog reaching about 50 mm in length. It is grey or brown with abnormal shaped darker patches or irregular spots, and in most individuals a butterfly-shaped patch between the eyes.[4] There is normally a red or purplish patch above the eye. It is similar in many respects to L. tasmaniensis from which it can be most reliably distinguished by its call.[4] The belly is white. The tympanum is indistinct. Distribution and habitatThis species inhabits drier areas west of the ranges of New South Wales as well as southern Queensland, northern Victoria and eastern South Australia. It is associated with rivers, dams and creeks (often temporary) in woodland and grassland.[4] During drier conditions they shelter under rocks, in cracked mud and yabby burrows. Behaviour and ecologyMales make a dog-like "rok" or "whrup" call from grassy areas around the edge of water bodies, after rain or when water levels are high, during spring to autumn.[4] Breeding occurs mostly after heavy rain and eggs are laid in a floating foamy mass, often attached to vegetation. Eggs and tadpoles are generally found in slow moving or still waters[4] Tadpoles can reach up to 69 mm and as an opportunistic breeder metamorphosis can occur at any time of the year. The tadpoles are very similar to Limnodynastes tasmaniensis and cannot be readily distinguished until metamorphosis. As a petIn Australia, this species may be kept in captivity with a license.[5] ConservationAlthough the species population is considered 'Least Concern' under the IUCN Red List and stable, L. fletcheri threatened by habitat loss. The species is also becoming increasingly threatened by altered flow regimes across Australia's rivers. There is a positive relationship between flooding frequency and the breeding activity for L. fletcheri[6][7] Flooding between September and December is required to maximise breeding responses from the species, this will increase the likelihood of species persistence and diversity.[7] Therefore, the species may be negatively affected by regulatory activities such as damming and would respond positively to environmental flow management[6] References1. ^{{IUCN2013.2 |assessor=Hero, J. |assessor2=Clarke, J. |assessor3=Meyer, E. |assessor4=Robertson, P. |assessor5=Lemckert, F. |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2004 |version=2013.2 |id=41160 |title=Limnodynastes fletcheri |downloaded=16 October 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://frogs.org.au/frogs/species/Limnodynastes/fletcheri/ |title =Limnodynastes fletcheri |work = Frogs of Australia |publisher = Amphibian Research Centre |accessdate = 16 October 2015}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|title = A Molecular Phylogeny for the Frog Genus Limnodynastes (Anura: Myobatrachidae)|url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790300908030|journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|date = 2000-09-01|pages = 379–391|volume = 16|issue = 3|doi = 10.1006/mpev.2000.0803|first = C. S.|last = Schäuble|first2 = C.|last2 = Moritz|first3 = R. W.|last3 = Slade|pmid=10991791}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|title = Frogs of Australia > Limnodynastes fletcheri / Barking Marsh Frog|url = http://frogs.org.au/frogs/species/Limnodynastes/fletcheri/|website = frogs.org.au|accessdate = 2015-10-18}} 5. ^{{Cite web|title = The ARC > Licensing and legal|url = http://frogs.org.au/arc/legal.html|website = frogs.org.au|accessdate = 2015-10-18}} 6. ^1 {{Cite journal|title = Frogs during the flood: Differential behaviours of two amphibian species in a dryland floodplain wetland|journal = Austral Ecology|date = 2014-12-01|issn = 1442-9993|pages = 929–940|volume = 39|issue = 8|doi = 10.1111/aec.12158|first = Joanne F.|last = Ocock|first2 = Richard T.|last2 = Kingsford|first3 = Trent D.|last3 = Penman|first4 = Jodi J. L.|last4 = Rowley}} 7. ^1 {{Cite journal|title = Floodplain amphibian abundance: responses to flooding and habitat type in Barmah Forest, Murray River, Australia|journal = Wildlife Research|date = 2014-01-01|pages = 149–162|volume = 41|issue = 2|doi = 10.1071/wr13224|first = Heather M.|last = McGinness|first2 = Anthony D.|last2 = Arthur|first3 = Keith A.|last3 = Ward|first4 = Paula A.|last4 = Ward}} Further reading{{Wikispecies|Limnodynastes fletcheri}}
External links
7 : Amphibians of Queensland|Amphibians of New South Wales|Amphibians of Victoria (Australia)|Amphibians of South Australia|Limnodynastes|Amphibians described in 1888|Frogs of Australia |
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