| 词条 | Long-tongued nectar bat |
| 释义 |
| name = Long-tongued nectar bat | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Macroglossus minimus pregnant.jpg | image_caption = Pregnant individual in the Philippines | image2= Macroglossus minimus 2.jpg | image2_caption = in the Philippines | genus = Macroglossus | species = minimus | authority = (É. Geoffroy, 1810) | range_map = Long-tongued Nectar Bat area.png | range_map_caption = Geographic range of M. minimus }} The long-tongued nectar bat (Macroglossus minimus), also known as the northern blossom bat, honey nectar bat,[2] least blossom-bat,[3] dagger-toothed long-nosed fruit bat,[1] and lesser long-tongued fruit bat,[1] is a species of megabat. M. minimus is one of the smallest species in the family Pteropodidae, with an average length of 60–85 mm. It has a reddish-brown colouring with relatively long hair compared to the other species. The hair on the abdomen is a lighter colour, and a dark brown stripe runs bilaterally down the top of the head and back. DistributionM. minimus represents about 14% of the total fruit bats.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} Its wide geographical range includes Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, southern Philippines, Java, Borneo, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and northern Australia. In Borneo, it had been recorded from Kota Kinabalu, Sepilok, Sukau, and Tawau in Sabah; Bandar Seri Begawan in Brunei; Bario, Niah and Bako in Sarawak; Gunung Kenepi, Kutai, and Sungai Tengah in Kalimantan.[6]M. minimus has not been recorded in flocks, which suggest they live in small group or alone. It feeds on nectar and pollen, which it can obtain from mangroves and banana flowers in Malaysia.[6] Ecologically, the long-tongued nectar bat plays a major role as pollinator of many trees, including the families Bignoniaceae, Bombacaceae, Leguminosae, Musaceae, Myrtaceae, and Sonneratiaceae in peninsular Malaysia.[4] M. minimus has been recorded at elevations up to 1000 m near coastal mangroves,[9] in dipterocarp forests, and in lower montane forests.[6]BiologyOf total captures, males constituted 53% and females 47%. About 77% were adults. Sexually active males have enlarged testes, and polyestrous females have a breeding period of 140 to 160 days. Estimates for the gestation period for M. minimus is approximately 120 days (± 10 days), lactation occurs for 60 to 70 days.[11] In Negros Island, Philippines, females studies produced two or three young per year.[12] The species reproduces aseasonally (throughout the year) and synchronously in response to food abundance.[11][12][15] External measurementsFor young bats, the forearm grows at 0.24 mm per day and weight is gained at gain 0.07 g per day. A free-flying immature bat has an forearm length 35.2 mm and weighs around 8.6 g.[15] The length of the head and body in adults is 60–85 mm (with the head being 26–28 mm in length), the length of the forearm is 40–43 mm, and the weight is 12–18 g.[18] It is shorter and lighter than Macroglossus sobrinus.[9] Notes1. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | author = Francis, C. | author2 = Rosell-Ambal, G. | author3 = Sedlock, J. | author4 = Ingle, N. | author5 = McKenzie, G. | author6 = Richards, N. | last-author-amp = yes | title = Macroglossus minimus | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2008 | page = e.T12594A3363390 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12594/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T12594A3363390.en | access-date = 12 January 2018}} [5][6][7][8][9][10]2. ^{{cite journal|last=Bartels|first=W|last2=Law|first2= BS|last3= Geiser|first3= F|title=Daily torpor and energetics in a tropical mammal, the northern blossom-bat Macroglossus minimus (Megachiroptera)|journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B|date=April 1998|volume=168|issue=3|pages=233–239|pmid=9591364|doi=10.1007/s003600050141}} 3. ^{{cite journal|jstor=1383902|title=Home Range and Territoriality in the Least Blossom Bat, Macroglossus minimus, in Papua New Guinea |first=John R.|last= Winkelmann|first2= Frank J.|last2=Bonaccorso |last3=Goedeke |first3= Elizabeth E.|last4=Ballock |first4=Laura J. |last5=Ballock|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=84|issue=2 |date=May 2003|pages=561–70|publisher= American Society of Mammalogists |doi=10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0561:hratit>2.0.co;2 }} 4. ^{{cite journal|title=Nectarivorous bats as pollinators of trees in West Malaysia|last=Start|first=A.N.|last2=Marshall|first2=A.G.|journal=Linnean Society symposium series|pages=141–150|year=1976|number=2}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|editor-first=Darrell John|editor-last= Kitchener|editor-first2= Agustinus|editor-last2= Suyanto|title=Proceedings of the First International Conference on Eastern Indonesian-Australian Vertebrate Fauna, Manado, Indonesia, November 22-26, 1994|year=1996|publisher=Western Australian Museum for Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia|location=Perth, Australia|isbn=9780730970408|oclc=681910338|chapter=Field observations of Macroglossus minimus(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) on Lombook Island, Indonesia|last=Gunnell|first=A. C.|last2=Yani|first2=M.|last3=Kitchener|first3=D. J.|pages=127–145}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal|jstor=1381575|title=Patterns of Faunal Diversity and Species Abundance of Non-Volant Small Mammals on Negros Island, Philippines|first=Paul D.|last= Heideman|first2= Lawrence R.|last2= Heaney|first3= Rebecca L.|last3= Thomas |first4=Keith R.|last4= Erickson|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=68|number=4|date=November 1987|pages= 884–888|publisher=American Society of Mammalogists|doi=10.2307/1381575}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|first=Junaidi|last= Payne|first2=Charles M.|last2= Francis |title=A field guide to the mammals of Borneo|year=1985|publisher=Sabah Society|location=Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia|isbn=9789679994711|page=179}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|last=Medway|first=L.|year=1978|title=Mammals of Borneo: field keys and an annotated checklist|location=Kuala Lumpur|publisher=Monographs of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume=7}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book| publisher = JHU Press| isbn = 9780801849862| last = Nowak| first = Ronald M.| title = Walker's Bats of the World| date = 1 December 1994|page=83}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite thesis|last=Start|first= AN |year=1974|title= The feeding biology in relation to food source of nectivorous bats (Chiroptera: Macroglossinae) in Malaysia|type=PhD|publisher= University of Aberdeen}} }} References{{Commons category|Macroglossus minimus}}{{Wikispecies}}
External links
24 : Macroglossus|Bats of Southeast Asia|Bats of Oceania|Bats of Australia|Bats of Indonesia|Bats of Malaysia|Mammals of Borneo|Mammals of Brunei|Mammals of Cambodia|Mammals of Papua New Guinea|Mammals of Western New Guinea|Mammals of the Philippines|Mammals of Singapore|Mammals of the Solomon Islands|Mammals of Thailand|Mammals of Vietnam|Mammals of the Northern Territory|Mammals of Queensland|Mammals of Western Australia|Fauna of Java|Least concern biota of Asia|Least concern biota of Oceania|Mammals described in 1810|Taxa named by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire |
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