“Lord Walter Kerr”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Talbot Kerr, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|PC|DL}} (28 September 1839 – 12 May 1927) was a Royal Navy officer. After taking part in the Crimean War and then the Indian Mutiny, he supervised the handover of Ulcinj to Montenegro to allow Montenegro an outlet to the sea in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Berlin. He became Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Channel Squadron and then Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet. He went on to be Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, then Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Squadron and finally became First Naval Lord. In that capacity he presided over a period of continued re-armament in the face of German naval expansion but was unceasingly harassed by Admiral Sir John Fisher.

Early career

Born the fourth son of John Kerr, 7th Marquess of Lothian and Lady Cecil Chetwynd Talbot (daughter of Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 2nd Earl Talbot), Kerr was educated at Radley College and joined the first-rate HMS Prince Regent as a naval cadet in August 1853.^[1] He saw action during the Crimean War serving in the first-rate HMS Neptune in March 1854 and then in the third-rate HMS Cornwallis in May 1855.^[1] Promoted to midshipman in August 1855, he joined the frigate HMS Shannon on the East Indies and China Station in August 1856.^[1] He saw action during the Indian mutiny when the ship's crew landed as a naval brigade in December 1857.^[1] Kerr was wounded near Cawnpore^[2] but still took part in the capture of Lucknow in February 1858.^[1] After being mentioned in despatches on 31 March 1858^[3] and promoted to mate on 28 September 1858, he transferred to the royal yacht HMY Victoria and Albert in June 1859.^[1]

Promoted to lieutenant on 5 September 1859, Kerr was appointed to the steam frigate HMS Emerald in the Channel Squadron in July 1860 and to the second-rate HMS Princess Royal, flagship on the East Indies and China Station in February 1864.^[1] While serving on HMS Princess Royal and ashore in the treaty port of Yokohama, Kerr also found the opportunity to take some of the earliest photographic pictures of Japan^[4] and in 1866 helped to establish the first Rugby Football club in the country.^[5] Promoted to commander on 3 April 1868,^[6] he was posted to the ironclad battleship HMS Hercules in the Channel Squadron in November 1868 and was awarded the Royal Humane Society's silver medal for jumping overboard to rescue a man who had fallen from the rigging into the River Tagus.^[1]

Kerr became Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Channel Squadron and Captain of the battleship HMS Lord Warden in September 1871 and, having been promoted to captain on 30 November 1872^[7] and while remaining Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Channel Squadron, he became Captain of the frigate HMS Agincourt in October 1874 and then Captain of the frigate HMS Minotaur in August 1875.^[8] He became Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet and Captain of the frigate HMS Inconstant in February 1880 and then, while remaining Flag Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, he became Captain of the ironclad battleship HMS Alexandra in March 1880.^[8]

Kerr supervised the handover of Ulcinj to Montenegro to allow Montenegro an outlet to the sea in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Berlin in September 1880.^[9] He became Captain of the Medway Steam Reserve in December 1881 and naval private secretary to Lord George Hamilton, First Lord of the Admiralty in July 1885.^[9]

Flag officer

Promoted to rear admiral on 1 January 1889, Kerr became Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, hoisting his flag in the battleship HMS Trafalgar in April 1890 and then in the cruiser HMS Amphion in April 1892.^[8] He became Junior Naval lord in August 1892 and Second Naval Lord in November 1893.^[9] Promoted to vice admiral on 20 February 1895,^[10] he became Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Squadron, hoisting his flag in the battleship HMS Royal Sovereign in May 1895 and then in the battleship {{HMS|Majestic|1895|6}} in December 1895.^[8] He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1896.^[11]

Kerr became Second Naval Lord again in May 1899 before being made First Naval Lord in August 1899,^[9] and promoted to full admiral on 21 March 1900.^[12] Following the succession of King Edward VII, he was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902,^[13]^[14] and received the insignia in an investiture on board the royal yacht Victoria and Albert outside Cowes on 15 August 1902,^[15] the day before the fleet review held there to mark the coronation. He was then promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 16 June 1904.^[16] During his time as First Naval Lord Kerr presided over a period of continued re-armament in the face of German naval expansion but was unceasingly harassed by Admiral Sir John Fisher^[17] until he was replaced by Fisher in October 1904.^[9]

In retirement he was President of the Catholic Union of Great Britain: he lived at Melbourne Hall in Derbyshire, which his wife had inherited. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of the county on 26 January 1917^[18] and died at Melbourne Hall on 12 May 1927.^[9] He was buried at St Michael's Church nearby.^[9]

Family

In 1873 Kerr married Lady Amabel Cowper, the youngest daughter of George Cowper, 6th Earl Cowper; they had four sons and two daughters:^[19]

Ancestry

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷Heathcote, p. 143
2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=22112 |date=11 March 1858|page=1407}}
3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=22143 |date=25 May 1858|page=2587}}
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Cortazzi|first1=Hugh|title=Britain and Japan: Biographical Portraits, Volume 4|date=2002|publisher=The Japan Society|location=London|isbn=1-903350-14-X|page=293}}
5. ^{{cite news|last1=Galbraith|first1=Mike|title=1866 and all that: the untold early history of rugby in Japan|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2014/03/15/lifestyle/1866-and-all-that-the-untold-early-history-of-rugby-in-japan/#.VOwbNYbXerU|accessdate=28 March 2016|publisher=Japan Times|date=15 March 2014}}
6. ^{{London Gazette |issue=23368 |date=7 April 1868|page=2106}}
7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=23925 |date=3 December 1872|page=6104}}
8. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.pdavis.nl/Kerr.php|title=William Loney RN|accessdate=16 December 2012}}
9. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶Heathcote, p. 144
10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=26601 |date=22 February 1895|page=1067}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34305|title=Lord Walter Kerr|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=16 December 2012}}
12. ^{{London Gazette |issue=27178 |date=30 March 1900|page=2131}}
13. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=The Coronation Honours |day_of_week=Thursday |date=26 June 1902 |page_number=5 |issue=36804| }}
14. ^{{London Gazette |issue=27448 |date=26 June 1902|page=4189|supp=y}}
15. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Court Circular|day_of_week=Saturday |date=16 August 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36848| }}
16. ^{{London Gazette |issue=27692 |date=5 July 1904|page=4259}}
17. ^Boyce, p. 108
18. ^{{London Gazette | issue=29928 |page=1177 | date=2 February 1917}}
19. ^Mosley, p. 2405

Sources

External links