1. Existence and causation

2. Distinction from winless streak

3. Longest losing streaks
    American football  Association football  Australian rules football  Auto racing  Canadian football  Baseball  Basketball  Cricket  Esports  Hockey  Lacrosse  Rugby League  Tennis 

4. See also

5. References

6. External links

In sports, a losing streak or cold streak is an uninterrupted string of contests (whether games, matches, etc.) lost by a team or individual. A losing streak is thus the opposite of a winning streak. A losing streak can last as few as two games, or it may last much longer.

Existence and causation

Most quantitative studies of winning and losing streaks, and the associated concept of psychological momentum, have failed to find any evidence that "streaks" actually exist, except as a matter of random chance.^[1] A team with low ability is more likely to lose frequently, and a team with high ability is more likely to win, but once ability is controlled for, there is no evidence that a "winning" or "losing" streak affects the result of the match.^[2] In fact, one study of European association football matches using a Monte Carlo methodology found that once ability was accounted for, a team was actually slightly less likely to win or lose when it had experienced the same result in the previous match.^[1]

Despite the apparent nonexistence of streaks in quantitative terms, many scholars in the field have pointed to the importance of understanding qualitative, psychological aspects of streaks.^[2] A series of losses can have a negative effect on team morale even if it has no direct effect on the outcome of the next game.^[3]

Studies in sports management suggest that some managers are able to interrupt losing streaks (and prolong winning streaks) through managerial strategies such as changing the lineup or rotation of players.^[4] Similarly, effective mental strategies may enable individual athletes to resist the psychological effects of a "losing streak" by staying focused on the task at hand.^[5] In team sports, effective strategies for combating negative momentum may include team cohesion activities and increasing the use of positive body language.^[6]

To the extent that they exist, losing streaks may arise from the loser effect: an increased probability of losing at time T, based on losing at time T−1, T−2, etc. This means that one has a slightly higher probability of losing the next match because one lost the previous one.^[7] The outcome of a match does not solely depend on the strength of the opponents, but also on how much effort one or the other is willing to invest. The loser effect rises from the tendency to hold back on the next match after losing. On the other hand, the winner effect encourages the opponent who won the previous match to invest more in the next fight. This phenomenon is well known in the study of animal behavior, where the winner and loser effects help to keep the level of conflicts low in group living animals.^[8]

Distinction from winless streak

A losing streak and a winless streak are distinctively different, as a winless streak may include:

1. tie games or draws
2. in first-class cricket, unfinished matches
3. in association football, ice hockey and some field hockey leagues, and depending on the definition of “loss” used by the observer, overtime or shootout losses.

Tie games can also be included in an unbeaten streak, as in soccer.

Longest losing streaks

List of the longest individual losing streaks of all time in each sport:

American football

• NFL football:
  • 29 games — Chicago Cardinals: (1942–1945, counts ten losses the team incurred as half of the merged Card-Pitt franchise in 1944)
  • 26 games — Tampa Bay Buccaneers: (1976–1977, post-merger era record and record for one continuous team)
• AAF football: 3 games (tie) — Arizona Hotshots: (2019); Atlanta Legends: (2019); Memphis Express: (2019); San Diego Fleet: (2019)
• NCAA Football Division I (FBS): 34 games — Northwestern Wildcats: (1979–1982)^[9]
• NCAA Football Division I (FCS): 80 games — Prairie View A&M Panthers: (1989–1998)
• NCAA Football Division II: 52 games — Lock Haven Bald Eagles: (2007–2012)^[10]
• NCAA Football Division III: 53 games — Earlham Quakers: (2013–2018).^[11] Suspended the program after five consecutive winless seasons.^[12]
• Sprint football: 106 games — Princeton Tigers (1999–2015). Streak includes at least four forfeits, and ended upon the program being shut down.^[13]
• Semi-professional football: 59 games — York Lions (1990–1995)^[14]

Association football

• MLS soccer: 12 games — New York/New Jersey MetroStars: (1999)
• USL Pro Soccer: 26 games — Antigua Barracuda FC: (2013)
• Thai League: 27 games — Super Power Samut Prakan F.C.: (2017)^[15]
• Premier League: 15 games — Sunderland: (2002/2003)^[16]

Australian rules football

• VFL/AFL: 51 matches — University in 1912–1914 (dropped out of league and folded at end of 1914) ^[17]
• SANFL: 56 matches — Glenelg in 1921–1924 ^[18]
• WAFL: 27 games — West Perth in 1938–1939 and Peel Thunder in 1997–1998 and 1998–2000 ^[19]

Auto racing

• NASCAR Cup Series: 653 races — J. D. McDuffie (died in a crash on the fifth lap of the 1991 Budweiser at The Glen)^[20]

Canadian football

• CFL Football: 16 games — Hamilton Tigers/Tiger-Cats: (1948–1950)^[21]
• CIS Football: 49 games — Toronto Varsity Blues: (2001–2008)

Baseball

• MLB Baseball:
  • American Association: 26 games — Louisville Colonels: (1889)^[22]
  • National League: 24 games — Cleveland Spiders: (1899)^[22]
  • American League: 21 games — Baltimore Orioles: (1988)^[22]
  • Federal League: 9 games — Baltimore Terrapins: (1915)^[23]
• Baseball Pitcher
  • National League: 27 consecutive losing decisions — Anthony Young: (1992–1993)
• Japanese Baseball League: 16 games — Dai Tokyo: (1936)
• Nippon Professional Baseball:
  • Central League: 16 games — Yakult Atoms: (1970)
  • Pacific League: 18 games — Chiba Lotte Marines: (1993)
• KBO League: 18 games — Sammi Superstars: (1985)

Basketball

• Professional Basketball
  • NBA Basketball: 28 games — Philadelphia 76ers: (2014-15, 2015-16)^[24]
  • WNBA Basketball: 20 games — Tulsa Shock
  • Korean Basketball League: 32 games — Daegu Tongyang Orions: (1998-99)
  • Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional: 32 games — Volcanes del Estado de México: (2011-12)
• Collegiate Basketball
  • NCAA Basketball:
  • Division I, men: 41 games — Towson Tigers: (2011–2012)^[25]
  • Division I, women: 59 games — Chicago State Lady Cougars: (2016-2018)^[26]
  • Division II, men: 46 games — Olivet Comets: (1959–1961); Southwest Minnesota State Mustangs (1971–1973)
  • Division II, women: 70 games — Notre Dame de Namur Argonauts
  • Division III, men: 207 games — Caltech Beavers: (1996–2007) (record for all divisions, men or women)^[27]
  • Division III, women: 83 games — Schreiner Mountaineers, (all-division record for women)^[28]
  • Note: New Jersey Institute of Technology Highlanders lost 51 games (2007–2009) while in the process of becoming a Division I program, but is not an official record.^[29]
  • NAIA Basketball
  • Division I, men: 106 games — STLCOP Eutectics: (2014-2018) ^[30][31]

Cricket

• Test Cricket: 21 matches — Bangladesh – (2001–2004)
• One Day International cricket: 23 matches — Bangladesh – (1999–2002)
• Twenty20 International: 12 matches — Bangladesh – (2007–2012)
• Combined international cricket: 28 matches — Bangladesh – (10 tests, 18 ODIs, 2003–2004)
• Twenty20 club or domestic: 19 matches (tie) — Quetta Bears – (2005–present); Sydney Thunder – (December 2011–January 2014)

Esports

• Overwatch League: 42 matches — Shanghai Dragons (2018–2019)

Hockey

• NHL hockey: 17 games (tie) — Washington Capitals: (1974–75); San Jose Sharks: (1992–93)^[32]

Lacrosse

• NCAA Lacrosse Division I: 29 games — Wagner College:
• NCAA Lacrosse Division III: 92 games — City College of New York:

===Professional wrestling===

• WWE: 262 matches — Curt Hawkins (2016—)

Rugby League

• NSWRL and NRL rugby league: 42 games — Sydney University rugby league team
• Rugby League in England: 61 games — Runcorn Highfield (1989–1991). The run consisted of 55 Division Two, 2 Challenge Cup, 2 Regal Trophy, and 2 Lancashire Cup-ties.^[33]

Tennis

• NCAA Men's Tennis Division 1: 59 matches — Wagner College (2007–2012)
• ATP: 21 consecutive matches — Vince Spadea^[34]

See also

• List of Major League Baseball longest losing streaks
• List of National Basketball Association longest losing streaks
• Imperfect season
• Winning streak (sports)

References

External links

• Sports Illustrated Photo Gallery of the most memorable losing streaks
• [https://www.forbes.com/2008/10/07/worst-losing-streaks-forbeslife-cx_mw_1007sports.html Forbes' Worst Losing Streaks in Sports]
• Worst college football teams of all time

• Frente de Juventudes
• Frente de Juventudes Democráticas
• Frente de la Revolución Boliviana
• Frente de Liberación de Izquierda Nacional
• Frente de Liberación Nacional
• Frente de Liberación Popular
• Frente de Libertacao de Mocambique
• Frente de Libertacao do Arquipelago da Madeira
• Frente de Libertacao dos Acores
• Frente de Libertação do Estado de Cabinda
• Frente del País Solidario
• Frente de Luta pela Independencia Nacional da Guine
• Frente Democratica de Cabinda
• Frente Democratico
• Frente Democratico Nacional
• Frente Democratico Nacional (Mexico)
• Frente democratico revolucionario
• Frente Democratico Salvadoreno
• Frente Democratico Salvadoreño
• Frente Democrática Cristã
• Frente Democrático Antifascista
• Frente Democrático de Unidad Nacional
• Frente Democrático (disambiguation)
• Frente Democrático Nacional (disambiguation)
• Frente Democrático Revolucionario