| 词条 | Lotusland |
| 释义 |
|name = Lotusland |photo = Japanese Garden, Lotusland.jpg |photo_alt = |photo_caption = Lotus plants at Lotusland |type = Botanical garden |location = Montecito, California |coords = {{coord|34.4430|N|119.6570|W|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}} |area = {{convert|37|acre|ha sqmi|lk=on}} |operator = |established = |founder = |designer = |open = |website = |map_width = 284 | map = California#USA | map_label =Lotusland | relief =1 }} Ganna Walska Lotusland, also known as Lotusland, is a non-profit botanical garden located in Montecito, near Santa Barbara, California, United States. The (15 ha / 37 acres)[1] garden is the historic estate of Madame Ganna Walska. The County of Santa Barbara restricts visitation via a conditional use permit: Lotusland botanic garden is open to the public by advance reservation only, with walking tours 1½ to 2 hours long. HistoryRalph Kinton Stevens purchased the land in 1882; he and his wife, Caroline Lucy Tallant, named the property "Tanglewood". They established a lemon and palm nursery and eventually added other tropical plants to the collection and were among the early plantsmen of Santa Barbara. In 1916 the estate was sold to the Gavit family, from Albany, New York, who renamed it "Cuesta Linda". They added landscape elements, garden structures, and the main residence designed in 1919 by Reginald Johnson in the Mediterranean Revival style. In 1921–1927 they commissioned additional landscape buildings and alterations to the residence in the Spanish Colonial Revival style from George Washington Smith. His work includes the water garden pool house and the distinctive pink walls of the estate. The gardens were created over four decades by opera singer Madame Ganna Walska, who owned the property as a private residence from 1941 until her death in 1984.[1] She was assisted in landscape planning and garden design by Peter Riedel, Ralph Stevens,[2] Lockwood DeForest, and Joseph Knowles.{{cn|date=January 2017}} The garden was opened to the public in 1993.[1] Gardens{{ref improve section|date=January 2017}}The Lotusland estate grounds contain several distinct gardens, including:[3] The Blue GardenFeaturing plants with silvery to blue-gray foliage, including Blue Atlas Cedar (Cedrus libani var. atlantica 'Glauca'), Chilean wine palms (Jubaea chilensis), blue fescue (Festuca ovina var. glauca), Senecio mandraliscae, Mexican blue palm (Brahea armata), Queensland kauri (Agathis robusta), bunya-bunya (Araucaria bidwillii), hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) and two camphor trees (Cinnamomum camphora). Bromeliads gardensHere bromeliads cover the ground between large coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia). Other notable plants include a branched pygmy date palm (Phoenix roebelinii), Trithrinax brasiliensis palms and giant ponytail palms (Beaucarnea recurvata). Butterfly gardensFeaturing varieties of flowering plants that support butterflies and other insects. The Cactus GardenFeaturing a collection of columnar cacti begun in 1929 by Merritt Dunlap. Over 500 plants, representing about 300 different species of cacti in geographically organized groups. Notable specimens include species of Opuntia from the Galapagos Islands, Armatocereus from Peru and a complete collection of the genus Weberbauerocereus. Accent plants include Fouquieria columnaris (boojum tree), dry-growing bromeliads and several Agave species. The garden was designed by Eric Nagelmann and opened in 2004. A recent addition in 2014 completed Nagelmann's design. Cacti and euphorbias gardensA collection of cacti and euphorbias, including a mass of golden barrel cacti (Echinocactus grusonii) and large, weeping Euphorbia ingens. The Cycad GardenLotusland has over 900 specimens of cycads, with nine of the eleven living genera and more than half of the known species represented. The collection includes three Encephalartos woodii, among the world’s rarest cycads and extinct in the wild.[4] Fern gardensFeaturing many types of ferns, such as Australian Tree Ferns (Sphaeropteris cooperi) and giant staghorn ferns (Platycerium). Other shade-loving plants such as angel trumpet tree (Brugmansia), calla lily (Zantedeschia), clivia hybrids and a collection of Hawaiian Pritchardia palms are present. The Japanese GardenA small Shinto shrine surrounded by Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens cv. 'Santa Cruz'), a wisteria arbor, Japanese Maples (Acer palmatum), camellias, azaleas and several species of pine pruned in the Niwaki style. Orchards collections
The Parterre GardenFormal planting beds and brick walkways with two central water features. Plantings include hedges, floribunda roses, and day lilies. Succulent gardensA variety of succulents including Madagascar Palm (Pachypodium lamerei), Aeonium, Fouquieria, Kalanchoe, Echeveria, Haworthia, Yucca and Sansevieria. The Topiary GardenFeaturing a horticultural clock 25 feet (8 m) in diameter, bordered by Senecio mandraliscae; a boxwood maze; and a "zoo" of 26 topiary animals, including a camel, gorilla, giraffe and seal. Other frames are shaped as chess pieces and geometric shapes. Lotusland received an anonymous $1 million gift to endow the topiary garden in 2014. Tropical gardensFeaturing orchid cacti (Epiphyllum), gingers (both Alpinia and Hedychium) and bananas both ornamental (Ensete) and edible (Musa). The Water GardenIncludes several species and cultivars of Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and water lily (Nymphaea, Euryale ferox, Nuphar, Victoria) and also bog gardens featuring taro (Colocasia esculenta), ornamental sugar cane (Saccharum cv.) and papyrus. See also{{Portal|Gardening}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-d-santa-barbara-lotus-20150503-story.html|title=Lotusland in Montecito has beautiful and tranquil grounds|author=Rosemary McClure|date=May 2, 2015|publisher=Los Angeles Times}} 2. ^Pioneer Profiles and Biographies. "Ralph Stevens (1882 - 1958)" The Cultural Landscape Foundation, Washington, D.C. USA 3. ^{{cite web|title=The Gardens|url=http://www.lotusland.org/gardens/the-gardens/|website=Ganna Walska Lotusland|publisher=Ganna Walska Lotusland|accessdate=25 January 2017}} 4. ^Hayes, Virginia and Timbrook, Steven. Lotusland Collections and Horticulture. Companion Press, 2007, p.11 Further reading
External links{{commons category|Lotusland (California)}}
10 : Botanical gardens in California|Gardens in California|History of Santa Barbara County, California|Landscape design history of the United States|Parks in Santa Barbara County, California|Open-air museums in California|Montecito, California|Mediterranean Revival architecture in California|Spanish Revival architecture in California|Japanese gardens in California |
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