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词条 Louw Wepener Medal
释义

  1. The South African military

  2. Institution

  3. Award criteria

  4. Order of wear

  5. Description

  6. Discontinuation

  7. Recipients

     Actions cited for 

  8. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}{{Use South African English|date=May 2014}}{{infobox military award
| name = Louw Wepener Medal
| image = Louw Wepener Medal.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption =
| awarded_by = the State President
| country = {{flag|South Africa|1928}}
| type = Military decoration for bravery
| eligibility = All Ranks
| for = Courageous or heroic deeds in saving lives
| campaign =
| status = Discontinued in 1975
| description =
| motto =
| clasps = Bar for subsequent award
| post-nominals = LWM
| established = 1967
| first_award = 1969
| last_award = 1975
| total = 8
| posthumous =
| recipients =
| precedence_label = SADF pre-1994 & SANDF post-2002 orders of wear
| individual =
| higher = {{plainlist|SADF precedence:
  • Van Riebeeck Medal

}}{{plainlist|SANDF precedence:
  • Van Riebeeck Medal

}}
| same =
| lower = {{plainlist|SADF succession:
  • Pro Virtute Medal

}}{{plainlist|SANDF succession:
  • Distinguished Gallantry Medal

}}
| related =
| image2 =
| caption2 = Ribbon bar
}}

The Louw Wepener Medal, post-nominal letters LWM, is a South African military decoration for bravery which was instituted by the Republic of South Africa on 20 October 1967. It was awarded to members of the South African Defence Force for courageous or heroic deeds in saving lives. The Louw Wepener Medal was discontinued on 1 July 1975, when a new set of decorations and medals was instituted.[1][2][3]

The South African military

The Union Defence Forces (UDF) were established in 1912 and renamed the South African Defence Force (SADF) in 1958. On 27 April 1994, it was integrated with six other independent forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).[2]

Institution

The Louw Wepener Medal, post-nominal letters LWM, was instituted by the State President on 20 October 1967, as a second-level military decoration for bravery in addition to the existing Louw Wepener Decoration. The awards were named in honour of Louw Wepener who, in 1865, lost his life whilst leading his burghers in an attack on a Basotho stronghold on Thaba Bosigo, during the Basuto Wars of 1858 to 1865.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Award criteria

The Medal could be awarded to all ranks of the South African Defence Force, or serving with or rendering service to the Defence Force, for courageous or heroic deeds of self-sacrifice in saving lives in the presence of personal danger, or deeds performed in the execution of or beyond the call of military duty and for which other purely military awards were not normally made. A Bar could be awarded for a further similar deed of bravery.[2][3]

Only eight awards were made, the first in 1969 and the last in 1975. No bar to the decoration was ever awarded.[2][3]

Order of wear

{{main|South African military decorations order of wear#Order of wear}}

The position of the Louw Wepener Medal in the official order of precedence was revised twice after 1975, to accommodate the inclusion or institution of new decorations and medals, first upon the integration into the South African National Defence Force in 1994 and again upon the institution of a new set of awards in 2003.[15][16]

South African Defence Force until 26 April 1994
  • Official SADF order of precedence:
    • Preceded by the Van Riebeeck Medal (VRM).
    • Succeeded by the Pro Virtute Medal (PVM).[15]
  • Official national order of precedence:
    • Preceded by the Van Riebeeck Medal (VRM).
    • Succeeded by the Pro Virtute Medal (PVM).[7]
South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994
  • Official SANDF order of precedence:
    • Preceded by the Van Riebeeck Medal (VRM) of the Republic of South Africa.
    • Succeeded by the Distinguished Gallantry Medal of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.[16]
  • Official national order of precedence:
    • Preceded by the Van Riebeeck Medal (VRM) of the Republic of South Africa.
    • Succeeded by the Distinguished Gallantry Medal of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.[8]

The position of the Louw Wepener Medal in the order of precedence remained unchanged, as it was on 27 April 1994, when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted in April 1996 for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again when a new series of military orders, decorations and medals was instituted in South Africa on 27 April 2003.[8]

Description

Obverse

The Louw Wepener Medal is a bronze medallion, 38 millimetres in diameter, which depicts the mountain peak of Thaba Bosigo, with two men on horseback in the foreground. Below the horsemen are the words "THABA BOSIGO, 1865" and around the circumference are the words "LOUW WEPENER" at the top and "MEDALJE : MEDAL" at the bottom.[2]

Reverse

The reverse has the pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms, with the decoration number impressed at the bottom on the rim.

Ribbon

The ribbon is {{convert|1+3/8|in|mm|abbr=off}} wide and orange, with four white bands, all {{convert|1/16|in|mm|abbr=off}} wide and spaced {{convert|7/32|in|mm|abbr=off}} apart.

Bar

The bar is {{convert|1+3/8|in|mm|abbr=off}} wide and in bronze, with the encircled letters "LWM" in the centre. When only ribbon bars are worn, a recipient of a subsequent award would have worn a bronze button with the encircled letters "LWD", {{nowrap|{{convert|8|mm|abbr=off}}}} in diameter, on the ribbon bar.

Discontinuation

Conferment of the decoration was discontinued in respect of services performed on or after 1 July 1975, when a new set of decorations and medals was instituted.[4]

Recipients

LWM
no.		NameRankService
Arm		UnitDate
awarded
Godfrey, E.J.J. – Gunner Godfrey saved someone from drowning in the sea.}}GnrSA ArmySAAformat=dmy|abbr=on|1969-09-12}}
Nell, D.H.S SgtSA ArmySSBformat=dmy|abbr=on|1971-08-06}}
Froneman, J.J.SeaSA Navyformat=dmy|abbr=on|1971-10}}
Lamont, J.F. – Leading Seaman Lamont rescued a crewmate from heavy seas.[9]}}LSSA NavySAS EHformat=dmy|abbr=on|1972-08-25}}
Swanepoel, M.P.P. – Leading Seaman Swanepoel rescued an unconscious man from a fire.}}LSSA Navyformat=dmy|abbr=on|1972-08-25}}
Meyer, J.J.SgtSA ArmyHoëveldformat=dmy|abbr=on|1974-06-28}}
Blaauw, D.I.2 LtSA Army1 PB [10]format=dmy|abbr=on|1975-06-06}}
Marrs, S.B. – Sapper Marrs rescued a woman and her child, who had fallen overboard from a pont into a crocodile-infested river.[11]
}}		SprSA Armyformat=dmy|abbr=on|1975-06-06}}

Actions cited for

{{Notes}}

References

1. ^1 South African Medal Website - Post-nominal Letters (Accessed 28 April 2015)
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 South African Medal Website - SA Defence Force : 1952-1975 (Accessed 30 April 2015)
3. ^1 2 3 The South African Military History Society: Military History Journal Vol 1 no 1, December 1967: LOUW WEPENER MEDAL (Instituted 20 October 1967) by G.R. Duxbury.
4. ^1 South African Medal Website - SA Defence Force : 1975-2003 (Accessed 30 April 2015)
5. ^Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 457, no. 25213, Pretoria, 25 July 2003
6. ^South African Medal Website - Legal aspects - Fount of Honour (Accessed 1 May 2015)
7. ^1 2 Republic of South Africa Government Gazette no. 15093, Pretoria, 3 September 1993
8. ^1 2 3 Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, {{OCLC|72827981}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Uys|first=Ian|title=Cross of Honour|year=1992|publisher=Uys|location=Germiston|isbn=0958317321|pages=3}}
10. ^{{cite book|last=Els|first=Paul|title=We conquer from above|year=2010|publisher=PelSA Books|pages=299}}
11. ^South African Digest (29 August 1975).
{{South African military decorations and medals}}

3 : Military decorations and medals of South Africa|Military decorations and medals of South Africa in order of precedence|Courage awards
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