“Low-carbon emission”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Low-carbon emission

释义

Low carbon fuel standard
See also
References

The main components of automobile exhaust are carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water vapour (H₂O). Carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) and the most significant Greenhouse Gas emitted in the U.S. (with 82-84% of all U.S. emissions).^[1] Increases in carbon dioxide concentration are due primarily to fossil fuel use and land-use change.^[2]

The CO₂ emission standards can be referred to the fuel or to the vehicle :

The European Union is moving towards fuel mandatory CO₂ standards and USA has reflected it in the Greenhouse Gas Score.
There are information, but no mandatory, standards for CO₂ limits in vehicle (engine) emissions, excepting some state regulations (i.e. California). See hybrid vehicles.

CO₂ mass emission in vehicles is measured in g/km (g/mi * 0.621371192 = g/km).

Low carbon fuel standard

Transportation accounts for forty percent of California's annual greenhouse gas emissions, and California relies on petroleum-based fuels for 96 percent of its transportation needs.

The Californian Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger issued an Executive Order in January 2007 for California adopt a Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS).^[3] The LCFS requires oil refineries to ensure that the mix of fuel they sell in the California Market meets, on average, a declining target for greenhouse gas emissions measured in CO₂-equivalent grams per unit of fuel energy sold. By 2020, the LCFS will produce a 10 % reduction in carbon intensity from production and use of transport fuels in California.^[4]

References

1. ^July 1999 SBC Newsletter {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427125401/http://www.greenbuilder.com/sbc/newsletters/99july.html |date=2007-04-27 }}
2. ^IPCC, {{cite web|url= http://www.20minutos.es/data/adj/2007/02/02/456.pdf |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis }} {{small|(2.20 MiB)}} .
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://gov.ca.gov/index.php?/press-release/5074|title= Gov. Schwarzenegger Issues Directive to Establish World's First Low Carbon Standard for Transportation Fuels|publisher=Press Release by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger |date=2007-01-07 |accessdate=2009-04-23}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lcfs.htm|title=Low-Carbon Fuel Standard Program|publisher=California Air Resources Board|accessdate=2009-04-23}}

4 : Air pollution|Atmospheric dispersion modeling|Emission standards|Climate change mitigation

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Low carbon fuel standard

See also

References