| 词条 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family |
| 释义 |
| Symbol = Ldl_recept_a | Name = Low-density lipoprotein receptor domain class A | image = PDB 1ldl EBI.jpg | width = | caption = Structure of a cysteine-rich repeat from the low-density lipoprotein receptor.[1] | Pfam = PF00057 | InterPro = IPR002172 | SMART = SM00192 | PROSITE = PS50068 | SCOP = 1ldl | TCDB = | OPM family = | OPM protein = | PDB = | Membranome superfamily =5 }}{{Pfam_box | Symbol = Ldl_recept_b | Name = Low-density lipoprotein receptor domain class B | image = PDB 1n7d EBI.jpg | width = | caption = Structure of the LDL receptor extracellular domain at endosomal pH.[2] | Pfam = PF00058 | Pfam_clan = 6CL0186 | InterPro = IPR000033 | SMART = SM00135 | PROSITE = PS51120 | SCOP = 1lrx | TCDB = | OPM family = | OPM protein = | PDB = {{PDB2|1ijq}}, {{PDB2|1n7d}}, {{PDB2|1npe}} }} The low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family codes for a class of structurally related cell surface receptors that fulfill diverse biological functions in different organs, tissues, and cell types.[3] The role that is most commonly associated with this evolutionarily ancient family is cholesterol homeostasis (maintenance of appropriate concentration of cholesterol). In humans, excess cholesterol in the blood is captured by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and removed by the liver via endocytosis of the LDL receptor.[4] Recent evidence indicates that the members of the LDL receptor gene family are active in the cell signalling pathways between specialized cells in many, if not all, multicellular organisms.[5][6] There are seven members of the LDLR family in mammals, namely:
Human proteins containing this domainListed below are human proteins containing low-density lipoprotein receptor domains: Class AC6; C7; 8A; 8B; C9; CD320; CFI; CORIN; DGCR2; HSPG2; LDLR; LDLRAD2; LDLRAD3; LRP1; LRP10; LRP11; LRP12; LRP1B; LRP2; LRP3; LRP4; LRP5; LRP6; LRP8; MAMDC4; MFRP; PRSS7; RXFP1; RXFP2; SORL1; SPINT1; SSPO; ST14; TMPRSS4; TMPRSS6; TMPRSS7; TMPRSS9 (serase-1B); VLDLR; Class BEGF; LDLR; LRP1; LRP10; LRP1B; LRP2; LRP4; LRP5; LRP5L; LRP6; LRP8; NID1; NID2; SORL1; VLDLR; See also
StructureThe members of the LDLR family are characterized by distinct functional domains present in characteristic numbers. These modules are:
In addition to these domains which can be found in all receptors of the gene family, LDL receptor and certain isoforms of ApoER2 and VLDLR contain a short region which can undergo O-linked glycosylation, known as O-linked sugar domain. ApoER2 moreover, can harbour a cleavage site for the protease furin between type A and type B repeats which enables production of a soluble receptor fragment by furin-mediated processing. References1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Daly NL, Scanlon MJ, Djordjevic JT, Kroon PA, Smith R |title=Three-dimensional structure of a cysteine-rich repeat from the low-density lipoprotein receptor |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=92 |issue=14 |pages=6334–8 |date=July 1995 |pmid=7603991 |pmc=41512 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.92.14.6334|url=}} 2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Rudenko G, Henry L, Henderson K, etal |title=Structure of the LDL receptor extracellular domain at endosomal pH |journal=Science |volume=298 |issue=5602 |pages=2353–8 |date=December 2002 |pmid=12459547 |doi=10.1126/science.1078124 |url=}} 3. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Nykjaer A, Willnow TE | title = The low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family: a cellular Swiss army knife? | journal = Trends Cell Biol. | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 273–80 |date=June 2002 | pmid = 12074887 | doi = 10.1016/S0962-8924(02)02282-1 }} 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Li Y, Lu W, Marzolo MP, Bu G | title = Differential functions of members of the low density lipoprotein receptor family suggested by their distinct endocytosis rates | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 21 | pages = 18000–6 |date=May 2001 | pmid = 11279214 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M101589200 | url = }} 5. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Gotthardt M, Trommsdorff M, Nevitt MF, Shelton J, Richardson JA, Stockinger W, Nimpf J, Herz J | title = Interactions of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family with cytosolic adaptor and scaffold proteins suggest diverse biological functions in cellular communication and signal transduction | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 33 | pages = 25616–24 |date=August 2000 | pmid = 10827173 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M000955200 | url = }} 6. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Beffert U, Stolt PC, Herz J | title = Functions of lipoprotein receptors in neurons | journal = J. Lipid Res. | volume = 45 | issue = 3 | pages = 403–9 |date=March 2004 | pmid = 14657206 | doi = 10.1194/jlr.R300017-JLR200 | url = }} External links
5 : Receptors|Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family|Protein families|Signal transduction|Neurophysiology |
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