| 词条 | LSWR E14 class | |||||||||
| 释义 |
|powertype=Steam |name = LSWR/SR E14[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} |image = |caption = |designer = Dugald Drummond |builder = LSWR Nine Elms Works |builddate = 1907 |totalproduction = 1 |whytetype = 4-6-0 |gauge = {{track gauge|ussg}} |leadingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|7|in|m|3|abbr=on}} |driverdiameter = {{convert|6|ft|0|in|m|3|abbr=on}} |length = |locoweight = 76 tons 13 cwt (77.9 tonnes) |fueltype = Coal |fuelcap = 5 tons (5.1 tonnes) |watercap = {{convert|5800|impgal|l|abbr=on}} |cylindercount = Four |cylindersize = 16½ × 26 in (419 × 660 mm) |boilerpressure = {{convert|175|psi|MPa|2|abbr=on|lk=on}} |tractiveeffort = {{convert|29248|lbf|kN|2|abbr=on|lk=on}} |operator=London and South Western Railway |operatorclass = E14 |locale=Great Britain |nicknames = The Turkey |retiredate = 1914 |disposition = Rebuilt to H15 class }} The LSWR E14 Class was a class of 4-6-0 locomotive designed by Dugald Drummond for the London and South Western Railway. BackgroundThe indifferent feedback gained upon the release of Drummond's first 4-6-0 design, the F13 class meant that he went back to the drawing board to create a new, improved design. The LSWRs immediate traffic needs were covered to a certain extent by the 4-4-0 designs. This was because the F13 class 4-6-0 had been withdrawn from the heavy boat train services they were designed to undertake, as they were heavy on coal, water and man-hours in terms of upkeep.[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} However, the problem of continually accelerating timetables to the South Coast ports remained.[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} It soon became clear that another 4-6-0 design was needed due to their ability to ply their trade at faster speeds, and their inherent power-to-weight ratio.[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} This was true with the LSWR's passenger requirements increasing due to lengthened, heavier rolling stock that needed to keep up with faster point-to-point schedules. He also continued to develop a multiple-cylinder layout. The resultant design was to become the E14 class.[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} Construction historyDrummond had once again settled on the 4-6-0 wheel arrangement in anticipation of further increases in speed and length of trains, a concept that had many advantages.[2] A 175 lbf/in² (1.21 MPa) saturated steam boiler was utilised, therefore generating the steam needed to power a four-cylinder front end, and in this respect, the class differed from his F13 Class. Drummond's second 4-6-0 locomotive design also incorporated a four-cylinder layout powering 6 ft 0 in (1.829 m) driving wheels.[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} The new design was equipped with Walschaerts valve gear for both inside and outside the frames, therefore reducing the complexity of the design in respect to spare parts required during overhauls.[2] While Drummond had been given authorisation to build five, only a single E14 class was built.
Rebuilding under UrieThe poor quality of the E14's original design was further highlighted by the fact that it had been earmarked by Drummond only five years after its initial release for major modifications in the light of poor operational performance.[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} Drummond died before this could be undertaken in 1912, and it fell to his successor, Robert Urie, to undertake the modifications. However, Urie decided to rebuild the locomotive as the eleventh member of his H15 class in 1914.[3]{{page needed|date=October 2016}}[4]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} Livery and numberingUnder the LSWR, the E14 was outshopped in the LSWR Passenger Sage Green livery with purple-brown edging, creating panels of green.[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} This was further lined in white and black with 'LSWR' in gilt on the tender tank sides. Operational detailsThe E14 design had originally been intended to operate expresses between Salisbury and Exeter, but were unsuccessful resulting in its operation lasting only a year.[1]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} The class saw more success when rostered to operate on the less arduous stretch of track between Salisbury and Southampton, hauling coal trains between these two destinations, a far cry from their intended role. The locomotive had a high coal consumption and as a result, gained the unenviable nickname of the "Turkey."[3]{{page needed|date=October 2016}} References
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bradley (1986). {{refbegin}}2. ^1 Swift, Peter W. Railway Archive 6: pp. 3–24. 3. ^1 Haresnape & Rowledge (1982). 4. ^Haresnape (1977).
4 : London and South Western Railway locomotives|4-6-0 locomotives|Railway locomotives introduced in 1907|Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain |
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