| 词条 | Ludwig Franzisket |
| 释义 |
|honorific_prefix=Prof. Dr. |name=Ludwig Franzisket |birth_date={{birth date|1917|6|26|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1988|11|23|1917|6|26|df=y}} |image=Ludwig Franzisket.jpg |caption=Ludwig Franzisket |nickname= |birth_place=Düsseldorf |death_place=Münster |allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch={{Luftwaffe}} |serviceyears=193?–1945 |rank=Major |commands=Jagdgeschwader 27 |unit=Jagdgeschwader 26 Jagdgeschwader 1 |battles={{hidden |See battles |World War II
|awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |- |headerstyle=background:#dbdbdb |style=text-align:center; }} |laterwork=director of the Westfälisches Museum für Naturkunde}} Ludwig Franzisket (born 26 June 1917 in Düsseldorf – died 23 November 1988 in Münster) was a German World War II Luftwaffe fighter ace. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.{{sfn|Spick|1996|pp=3–4}} He scored all of his 43 victories against the Western Allies in over 500 combat missions whilst flying the Messerschmitt Bf 109. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. After the war, he became a professor and director of the Westfälisches Museum für Naturkunde. Early life and military careerFranzisket was born on 26 June 1917 in Düsseldorf, at the time in the Rhine Province, the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia. He initially served with Jagdgeschwader 26 (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) prior to the out break of war, and then transferred 1./Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1—1st Fighter Wing) on the 1 August 1939. World War IIWorld War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. On 11 May 1940, Franzisket claimed his first two victories, ending the French campaign with nine kills. On 9 July 1./JG 1 was redesignated 7./JG 27. On 1 October 1940 Franzisket was appointed Adjutant of I./Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing). Franzisket had achieved 14 victories at the time of the units relocation to North Africa. A notable success in this period occurred on 14 June 1941 when Franzisket intercepted and shot down South African ace Captain Ken Driver. Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant) Franzisket was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 20 July for 22 victories in 204 missions. Franzisket was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1./JG 27 on 6 December 1941. With his score at 39, Frankisket was shot down on 29 October 1942 by Royal Air Force (RAF) Spitfires. As he bailed out of Messerschmitt Bf 109 (Werknummer 10616—factory number) he struck the vertical stabilizer, a fate suffered by his close friend and fellow ace Hans-Joachim Marseille just four weeks before, breaking his leg. Marseille had not been as fortunate to survive the accident and was killed. Franzisket was tasked with recovery of Marseille's body from the desert. After recovering Franzisket led 1./Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Süd—a supplementary training unit—from 1 July 1943 and was then appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I./JG 27 based in Germany, defending against the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). In May 1944, the Allies initiated the Oil Campaign of World War II, targeting various facilities supplying Germany with petroleum, oil, and lubrication products. On 12 May, the Eighth Air Force sent an attack force of 886 heavy bombers, protected by 980 escort fighters, against the German refineries in central Germany at Leuna, Merseburg, Böhlen and Zeitz.{{sfn|Prien|Rodeike|Stemmer|1998|p=403}} That day, Franzisket's Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 441097) was shot down and severely wounded in combat with the bombers, forcing him to bail out.{{sfn|Prien|Rodeike|Stemmer|1998|p=404}} Subsequently he surrendered command of I. Gruppe to Hauptmann Ernst Börngen.{{sfn|Prien|Rodeike|Stemmer|1998|p=406}} On 15 December 1944 Franzisket joined the Geschwaderstab of JG 27, and then was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of JG 27 on 30 December 1944. Franzisket surrendered with the remnants of his unit to American Forces at Salzburg, Austria on 8 May 1945. His younger brother Max, born 22 August 1918 in Düsseldorf, was a Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Zerstörergeschwader 1 (ZG 1—1st Destroyer Wing) and was killed in action on 19 July 1943 on the Eastern Front.{{sfn|Ziefle|2013|p=117}} Academic careerAfter World War II Ludwig Franzisket went to the University of Münster and attained a Doctor of Philosophy (German: Doktor abbreviated Dr.) in Biology. He later became a Professor and director of the Westfälisches Museum für Naturkunde. He died aged 71 on 23 November 1988 in Münster. Awards
Works
NotesReferencesCitations{{Reflist|25em}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |origyear=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 |ref=harv }}
|last=Obermaier |first=Ernst |year=1989 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945 |language=German |location=Mainz, Germany |publisher=Verlag Dieter Hoffmann |isbn=978-3-87341-065-7 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Rodeike |first2=Peter |last3=Stemmer |first3=Gerhard |year=1998 |title=Messerschmidt Bf 109 im Einsatz bei Stab und I./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1939 – 1945 |trans-title=Messerschmidt Bf 109 in Action with the Headquarters Unit and I./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1939 – 1945 |language=German |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-46-5 |ref=harv }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 |ref=harv }}
|last=Scutts |first=Jerry |year=1994 |title=Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean |location=London, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-85532-448-0 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Shores |first1=Christopher F. |last2=Williams |first2=Clive |title=Aces High: A Tribute to the Most Notable Fighter Pilots of the British and Commonwealth Forces of WWII, Volume One |year=1994 |location=London, UK |publisher=Grubb Street |isbn=978-1-909808-42-3 }}
|last=Spick |first=Mike |year=1996 |title=Luftwaffe Fighter Aces |location=New York |publisher=Ivy Books |isbn=978-0-8041-1696-1 |ref=harv }}
|last=Weal |first=John |year=2003 |title=Jagdgeschwader 27 'Afrika' |location=London, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84176-538-9 |ref=harv }}
|last=Ziefle |first=Michael |year=2013 |title=Messerschmitt Bf 110: Die Rehabilitierung eines Flugzeuges |trans-title=Messerschmitt Bf 110: The Rehabilitation of an Aircraft |language=German |publisher=Norderstedt Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-8482-8879-3 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}}{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box | before = Oberstleutnant Gustav Rödel | after = none | title = Commander of Jagdgeschwader 27 Afrika | years = 30 December 1944 – 8 May 1945 }}{{s-end}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Aviation | portal2=Biography | portal3=Military of Germany | portal4=World War II }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Franzisket, Ludwig}} 9 : 1917 births|1988 deaths|People from Düsseldorf|People from the Rhine Province|Luftwaffe pilots|German World War II flying aces|Recipients of the Gold German Cross|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|University of Münster alumni |
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