“Lumberman's Monument”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The monument is located within the eastern part of the Huron-Manistee National Forests area. The nearest settlements are Tawas City and East Tawas {{convert|11|mi|km}} to the south, Au Sable and Oscoda {{convert|15|mi|km}} to the east and Hale {{convert|11|mi|km}} to the southwest.^[2] In the late 19th century, the area was heavily logged for timber that was used in building houses and factories. After the logging industry settled down, much of the area was repopulated with trees, which is the forest we see today.

Park facilities

Access to the park is granted year round and free of charge. The visitor's center and other facilities are staffed between May and October. Pathways are lined with exhibits with descriptive signs allowing visitors to learn about the history of the logging industry in Michigan. The monument overlooks Cooke Dam Pond and Horseshoe Island on the Au Sable river which was a major logging thoroughfare.^[2]

Logging history

The monument is located in a forest that was heavily logged in the second half of the 19th century. The white pine that made up much of the forest was in high demand nationwide for housing, ships, and other manufacturing. In particular, much of the housing in the Midwest was built using lumber taken from Michigan forests.^[4] Once people began realizing how immense the forests of Michigan were, popularity of lumbering and its profitability increased. Timber cruisers, who worked for lumbermen, would survey the woods and reserve the best plots for their bosses in the land office. During this time, land could be bought for as little as $1.25 an acre.^[4] In the winter, Sawyers cut down the trees and swampers trimmed them. The logs were then loaded onto sleds and pulled to the nearest riverbank by horses or oxen, over paths in the ice, and dumped down stream towards the sawmill. Loggers downstream had to deal with log jams on a regular basis. Once the logs finally reached the sawmill, they were cut into boards for use in manufacturing buildings like houses and factories.

The many rivers and lakes within Michigan as well as its huge stretches of pines and hardwoods gave it a great advantage in the lumber business. Not only was there plenty of timber to be farmed, there were also ample waterways to transport the logs. In 1967, mill property on streams that connected with Lake Michigan on the western side of the state had a total value of approximately two million dollars; property on the eastern side was valued over five million dollars. The total number of saw mills in Michigan was approximated to be 665.^[5] The logging industry led to the development of many towns including Grayling, Manistee, Muskegon and Alpena. With the decline of the lumbering business in the mid to late 1900s, it also led to many forgotten ghost towns such as Alcona and Killmaster—now Gustin Township, Michigan, and the 25 ghost towns in Benzie County.

The "Lumbermen Monument" sculpture is a work of Robert Aitken.^[6] "On one corner you may notice the words ‘Aitken Fecit’, meaning Aitken made it. Fecit coming from a Latin verb meaning ‘to make’."^[6]^[7]

Gallery

Further reading

References

1. ^Lumberman's Monument, Plaque, Oscoda, MI
2. ^¹²{{cite web|author=USDA Forest Service|title=Lumberman's Monument Visitor Information Center|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/hmnf/pages/lumbermans.htm|accessdate=2006-11-04}}
3. ^River Road Scenic Byway at America's Byways.
4. ^¹{{cite web|last1=Schaetzl|first1=Randall|title=White pine logging: A background. |url=http://web2.geo.msu.edu/geogmich/loggingbackgrd.html|accessdate=November 10, 2014|dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110222653/http://web2.geo.msu.edu/geogmich/loggingbackgrd.html |archive-date=2014-11-10}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://bay-journal.com/bay/1he/writings/mi-lumbering-1868.html |title=Michigan Lumbering History (1868) |website=bay-journal.com |accessdate=November 10, 2014}}
6. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=12T65O55B1117.64150&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!339636~!57&ri=5&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Aitken,+Robert,+1878-1949,+sculptor.&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=5 |work=Art Inventory Catalog |title=Lumbermen Monument. IAS Control No. M10007108 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |accessdate=January 30, 2011}}
7. ^Lumberman’s Monument Visitor Center

External links