1. Operations

2. History

3. Leadership

4. Criticism

5. References

6. External links

Lundin Petroleum is an independent oil and gas exploration and production company formed in 2001 and based in Sweden with focus on operations in Norway. It is listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Market capitalisation at year end 2016 was SEK 67 billion which made Lundin Petroleum the largest independent E&P company in Europe in 2016, measured by market capitalisation.

Lundin Petroleum had 714.1 MMboe of certified reserves at the end of 2016 of which 96 percent was in Norway and contingent resources amounted to 249 MMboe.^[2]

Operations

Lundin Petroleum has become fully focused on Norway where the company holds over 60 licences. The majority are exploration licences and about ten percent are producing fields. Core areas are the Utsira High and Alvheim in the North Sea and the Loppa High in the southern Barents Sea.^[3]

In 2010, Lundin Petroleum discovered the Johan Sverdrup oil field, one of the largest oil discoveries ever made on the Norwegian continental shelf. Resources are estimated to between 2.0 and 3.0 billion barrels of oil equivalent. At peak production level, gross production from Johan Sverdrup is expected to be over 660,000 bopd which will represent around 25 percent of all Norwegian petroleum production at that time.^[4]

Lundin Petroleum's main producing field is the Edvard Grieg oil field, located in PL338 on the Utsira High in the central North Sea. The Edvard Grieg field was discovered in 2007 and started production in November 2015.^[5] The second largest production hub is the Alvheim area, located in the central part of the North Sea, and production from the fields in this hub started in 2008, 2010 and 2015.^[6]

Lundin Petroleum has a 22.6 percent working interest in the Johan Sverdrup oil field development project. The first phase of the development is expected to start production in late 2019 with an estimated production capacity of 440 Mbopd. Phase 2 will add another processing platform to the field centre which is estimated to increase the processing capacity for the full field to 660 Mbopd. Phase 2 is scheduled to start production in 2022.^[7]

Lundin Petroleum is one of the largest operated acreage holders and has been one of the most active explorers in Norway over the past 10 years. A status that continues today. The largest discoveries have been made in the Utsira High (Johan Sverdrup oil field, Edvard Grieg oil field) and in the southern Barents Sea (the Alta, Gohta and Filicudi discoveries). By the end of 2016, Lundin Petroleum had drilled a total of 84 exploration and appraisal wells in Norway.^[8]

History

The Lundin family has been involved in oil exploration and production for over thirty years. Lundin Petroleum can trace its roots back to the early eighties in the form of International Petroleum, then International Petroleum Corporation, followed by Lundin Oil in the late nineties before emerging as Lundin Petroleum in 2001.^[9]

The company was formed in 2001 following the takeover of Lundin Oil AB by Canadian independent Talisman Energy, Lundin Petroleum AB is a Swedish oil company traded on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. In the summer of 2003, Lundin Petroleum sold its working interest in Block 5A to Petronas Carigali for US$142.5 million. In 1998 the company discovered the En Naga North and West field in southern part of the Sirte Basin, Libya. After a successful appraisal program in 1998 and 1999 the field was declared. The commercial and development program commenced. Development included the construction of a central production facility, 100 km pipeline together with the drilling of 20 production, 15 injector and 15 water supply wells. Recoverable reserves were estimated to be approximately 100 mmbbls. In Tunisia, the Oudna field development (Lundin Petroleum 40% working interest) was successfully completed and production commenced in November 2006.^[10]

In 2002, Lundin Petroleum acquired Coparex International from BNP Paribas, adding exploration and production assets in France, Netherlands, Tunisia, Venezuela, Indonesia and Albania to the existing portfolio. The acquisition transformed Lundin Petroleum from a pure exploration company into a larger E&P player. In early 2003, Lundin Petroleum entered Norway for the first time by acquiring 75 percent of the shareholding in Norwegian OER oil.^[9] In 2004, Lundin Petroleum acquired a portfolio of producing assets in the UK from DNO AS, doubling Lundin Petroleum's reserves to 137 million boe and increased production to 28,900 boepd.^[9]

In April 2010 it demerged its assets on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf into Petrofac's Energy Developments unit to form the stand-alone company EnQuest.

In 2010, Lundin Petroleum made a large discovery on the Avaldsnes prospect in PL501 on the Utsira High in the North Sea, estimated to contain recoverable resources of 100 to 400 million barrels of oil equivalent (MMboe). The discovery was later renamed Johan Sverdrup oil field.^[11]

In 2014, Lundin Petroleum made an oil and gas discovery on the Alta prospect in PL609 on the Loppa High in the southern Barents Sea. The discovery is located 20 km northeast of the Gohta discovery well and some 160 km from the Norwegian coast and is estimated to contain resources of 125 to 400 MMboe.^[12]

In February 2015, it has started drilling exploration well 16/1-24, located in the Gemini prospect of the North Sea. The well is located in PL338C south-west of the Edvard Grieg field, offshore Norway. It will test the reservoir properties and hydrocarbon potential of Lower Paleocene aged sandstones of the Ty Formation. The Gemini prospect is estimated to contain unrisked, gross prospective resources of 93 million barrels of oil equivalent (Mmboe). The Island Innovator semi-submersible drilling rig will be used to drill the well to a planned total depth of 2,192m below mean sea level.^[13][14] The Gemini exploration well was completed as a dry well in March 2015.^[15]

In 2015, three field developments were completed and started production: the Bøyla field and the Edvard Grieg oil field in Norway and the Bertam field in Malaysia.^[16]

In April 2017, Lundin Petroleum spun-off its producing assets outside of Norway into a new company called International Petroleum Corporation (IPC). Following the spin-off, Lundin Petroleum is a fully Norway focused company.^[17]

Leadership

Founder Adolf H. Lundin has founded also Lundin Mining in 1994.^[18] Adolf H. Lundin, who was a pioneer in the oil and mining industries, passed away in 2006 at the age of 73.^[19] In June 2015, Alex Schneiter was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of Lundin Petroleum, effective October 2015.^[20]

Criticism

In her book Affärer i blod och olja: Lundin Petroleum i Afrika^[21] (Business in blood and oil: Lundin Petroleum in Africa) journalist Kerstin Lundell claims that the company had been complicit in several crimes against humanity, including death shootings and the burning of villages.^[22]

In June 2010, ECOS (European Coalition on Oil in Sudan) published the report Unpaid Debt, which called upon the governments of Sweden, Austria and Malaysia to look into allegations that the companies Lundin, OMV and Petronas had been complicit in the commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity whilst operating in Sudan during the period 1997-2003. The reported crimes include indiscriminate attacks and intentional targeting of civilians, burning of shelters, pillage, destruction of objects necessary for survival, unlawful killing of civilians, rape of women, abduction of children, torture, and forced displacement. thousands of people died and almost two hundred thousand were violently displaced. Satellite pictures taken between 1994 and 2003 show that the Lundin Consortium's activities in Sudan coincided with a spectacular drop in agricultural land use in its area of operation.^[23][24] Consequently, the Swedish public prosecutor for international crimes opened a criminal investigation into links between Sweden and the reported crimes. The Swedish Prosecution Authority on 1 November 2018 notified Lundin Petroleum A.B. that the Company may be liable to a corporate fine and forfeiture of economic benefits of SEK 3,285 (app. € 318 million) for involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity. ^[25] On 15 November 2018, the Swedish Prosecution Authority served Ian Lundin and Alex Schneiter with the text of the indictment charges and the case files. They will be indicted for aiding and abetting international crimes (war crimes and crimes against humanisty) and may face life imprisonment if found guilty.^[26] The company strongly believes that it was a force for good in Sudan and that its activities contributed to the improvement of the lives of the people of Sudan.^[27] The trial is likely to open in the Summer of 2018.

The criminal investigation raises the issue of access to remedy and reparation for victims of human rights violations linked with business activities. A conviction in Sweden can only provide remedy for victims who are represented before the court. Lundin Petroleum endorses the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, acknowledging the duty of business enterprises to contribute to effective remedy of adverse impact that it has caused or contributed to.^[28] The company never substantiated its claim that its activities contributed to the improvement of the lives of the people of Sudan rather than having adversely affected them.^[29]. Consequently, it never showed an interest in suffering of the communities in its concession area. The company published a website with details on its past activities in Sudan.^[30]

Criticism has also been directed towards former Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt, a former board member for the company, responsible for ethics. ^[31][32]Ethiopia arrested two Swedish journalist Johan Persson and Martin Schibbye and held them for 14 months before the release. Conflict Ethiopian Judicial Authority v Swedish journalists 2011 was caused as the journalist studied the human rights violation claims in Ogaden by an oil explorer in a case connected to Lundin Petroleum.^[33]

It would be the first time since the Neuremberg Trails that a multibillion-dollar company was charged with complicity in war crimes and crimes against humanity. Once hearings commence, the Dutch peace organization PAX and Swedish NGO Global Idé will provide daily coverage of proceedings, expert analyses and comments on www.unpaiddebt.org.

References

External links

• {{official website|http://www.lundin-petroleum.com}}
• [https://archive.is/20130118151749/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=LUPE:SS Bloomberg Businessweek.com: Company profile of Lundin Petroleum]
• [https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/sudan1103/index.htm Human Rights Watch.org: "Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights"] — (September 2003, {{ISBN|1-56432-291-2}})
• [https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-road-less-traveled-how-corporate-directors-could-be-held-individually-liable-in-sweden-for-corporate-atrocity-crimes-abroad/ EJIL: Talk! Blog of the European Journal of International Law "The Road Less Traveled: How Corporate Directors Could be Held Individually Liable in Sweden for Corporate Atrocity Crimes Abroad"] - (13 November 2018)
• [https://www.unpaiddebt.org Website by PAX dedicated to the war crimes allegatons against Lundin Petroleum and its senior managers]
• [https://lundinhistoryinsudan.com Website by Lundin Petroleum about the war crimes allegations]

• Attic dialect
• Attic fan
• Attichittuk
• Attic-Ionic
• Atticista
• Attic ladder
• Attic Nights
• Atticora
• Atticora fasciata
• Atticora melanoleuca
• Attic orator
• Attic Orators
• Atticoti
• Attic Red Figure
• Attics
• Attics of My Life
• Attic stairs
• Atticus (band)
• Atticus Carpenter
• Atticus Circle
• Atticus Clothing
• Atticus Dragging the Lake
• Atticus: Dragging the Lake
• Atticus- Dragging The Lake 2 (Side One Dummy)
• Atticus- Dragging The Lake 3 (Side One Dummy)