| 词条 | Lupus vulgaris | ||
| 释义 |
| name = Lupus vulgaris | image = An introduction to dermatology (1905) Lupus vulgaris 2.jpg | caption = Lupus vulgaris | pronounce = | field = Infectious disease | synonyms = Tuberculosis luposa | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Lupus vulgaris (also known as tuberculosis luposa[1]) are painful cutaneous tuberculosis skin lesions with nodular appearance, most often on the face around the nose, eyelids, lips, cheeks, ears[2] and neck. It is the most common Mycobacterium tuberculosis skin infection.[3] The lesions may ultimately develop into disfiguring skin ulcers if left untreated. Signs and symptomsIt begins as painless reddish-brown nodules which slowly enlarge to form irregularly shaped red plaque.[3] CauseLupus vulgaris often develops due to inadequately treated pre-existing tuberculosis.[3] It may also develop at site of BCG vaccination.[4] Rarely, it has been shown to be associated with tattoo mark and also with long term bindi use, the so-called "bindi tuberculosis".[5][6] PathophysiologyHistologically, it shows well-formed granulomas with necrotic centers in dermis. DiagnosisOn diascopy, it shows characteristic "apple-jelly" color. Biopsy will reveal tuberculoid granuloma with few bacilli. Mantoux test is positive. Differential diagnosisThe condition should be distinguished from:
ManagementA dermatologist or general physician usually administers combination therapy of drugs used for tuberculosis, such as Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide (possibly with either streptomycin or ethambutol).[3] PrognosisIn longstanding scarred lesions, squamous cell carcinoma can develop.[3] HistoryIn the 19th century, the chronic and progressive nature of this disease was particularly marked: it remained active for ten years, twenty years, or even longer and, proved resistant to all treatment until the breakthrough by Niels Ryberg Finsen using a form of "concentrated light radiation" now known as Photobiomodulation which won him a Nobel Prize. Queen Alexandra of Great Britain, (1844–1925), consort to Edward the VII, as the inscription on the bronze statue of her at the London Hospital, notes, "Introduced to England the Finsen light cure for Lupus, and presented the first lamp to this hospital". EtymologyThe term "lupus" (meaning "wolf" in Latin) to describe an ulcerative skin disease dates to the late thirteenth century, though it was not until the mid-nineteenth that two specific skin diseases were classified as lupus erythematosus and lupus vulgaris. The term may derive from the rapacity and virulence of the disease; a 1590 work described it as "a malignant ulcer quickly consuming the neather parts; ... very hungry like unto a woolfe".[7] See also
References1. ^{{cite book |author1=Rapini, Ronald P. |author2=Bolognia, Jean L. |author3=Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=Chapter 74 |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}} 2. ^{{cite book |author1=James, William D. |author2=Berger, Timothy G. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7216-2921-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|pages=335|display-authors=etal}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|title=Dermatology: An Illustrated Colour Text, 3rd ed|year=2002|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780443071409|pages=46}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Dermatology - A colour handbook, 2nd ed|year=2010|publisher=Manson Publishing|isbn=9781840765960|pages=216}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ghorpade|first1=A|title=Lupus vulgaris over a tattoo mark--inoculation tuberculosis.|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV|date=27 August 2003|volume=17|issue=5|pages=569–71|pmid=12941097|doi=10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00787.x}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mishra|first1=Gyanshankar|last2=Rathi|first2=Sushil|last3=Mulani|first3=Jasmin|title=Bindi Tuberculosis – Lupus Vulgaris Associated with Bindi Use: A Case Report|journal=Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research|date=2015|volume=9|issue=5|pages=OD04–OD05|doi=10.7860/JCDR/2015/12164.5899|pmid=26155509|pmc=4484101}} 7. ^"Lupus", Oxford English Dictionary, online second edition. Accessed 2006 External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|18|4|a|15}} (ILDS A18.420) | ICD9 = {{ICD9|017.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = derm | eMedicineTopic = 434 | MeshID = D008177 }}
2 : Tuberculosis|Mycobacterium-related cutaneous conditions |
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