| 词条 | Lycosa tarantula |
| 释义 |
| image = Lycosa tarentula.JPG | taxon = Lycosa tarantula | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms = *Aranea tarantula
}} and the males around 19 mm (0.75 in). As with other wolf spiders, the silken sac containing over 100 eggs is carried attached to the mother's spinnerets, and then after they hatch, the spiderlings climb on their mother's abdomen and ride around with her for some time until they are sufficiently mature to survive on their own.[2] (The picture that accompanies this article shows a mother transporting her large brood.) After leaving their mother's protection, the young spiders disperse and dig burrows. Females live in their burrows all their lives except for nocturnal forays to capture prey,[2] but the mature males leave the protection of burrows and wander about looking for mates. The males can live for 2 years. The females can live for 4 years or more. Many sexual encounters (about one-third according to one study) end in the female's cannibalising the male instead.[6] During the winter, these spiders hibernate in their burrows. They are a nocturnal species and generally lurk at the mouths of their burrows waiting for prey, so people are unlikely to encounter them. Unlike the Salticidae (jumping spiders), which may exhibit curiosity about humans and may be content to wander around on one's hand, the Lycosidae (wolf spiders) have a very strong tendency to flee at the approach of any large animal. They have quite good eyesight, so a human likely cannot approach them unseen, and capturing them is relatively difficult because they keep moving and can run very fast. When wolf spiders are cornered, they show no inclination to make threat displays, much less to advance on a human's hand with the intention of biting. Tarantism{{Main|tarantism}}A once-traditional belief among Apulian peasantry is that a person bitten by one of these spiders must be treated by indulging in a special kind of dancing. The dance, or some version of it, is now known as the tarantella. However, the bites of this spider are not known to cause severe symptoms in humans, much less endanger human life.[7] Venom{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2010}}In common with all other spiders (except the Uloboridae) L. tarantula possesses venom, which is important to the spider as a means to kill its prey, and secondarily, to protect itself. Evolutionarily, the venoms were tailored for subduing insect prey, and mammal species can have vastly different reactions to the same spider venom. L. tarantula will rarely bite, unless continually provoked, and its venom is not particularly toxic to human beings, and is no more painful than the sting of a bee. Fabre, however, did demonstrate that an artificially administered tarantula bite can kill small mammals and birds.[7] Given the low toxicity of wolf spider bites and the small likelihood of actually being bitten, medical research efforts have not been directed toward the bites of L. tarantula. Subspecies
References1. ^The American Heritage Dictionary, 4th Ed.(2009), Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Company. "[Medieval Latin, from Old Italian tarantola, after {{smallcaps|Sarrià}}.]" 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Foelix|first=Rainer F.|title=Biology of spiders|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0199734828|pages=8–9|edition=3rd}} 3. ^Biology of Spiders, Rainer F. Foelix, p. 8 4. ^Biology of Spiders, Rainer F. Foelix, p. 9 5. ^Biology of Spiders, Rainer F. Foelix, p. 8 6. ^Sexual Cannibalism: High Incidence in a Natural Population with Benefits to Females 7. ^1 Fabre, Jean-Henri; Translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos; The Life of the spider;Pub: Dodd, Mead, New York,1916. Download from: https://archive.org/details/lifespider00fabrgoog 8. ^ Further reading
External links{{Commons}}{{Wikispecies}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1317090}} 4 : Wolf spiders of Europe|Spiders described in 1758|Spiders of Europe|Lycosidae |
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