| 词条 | Lạc Việt |
| 释义 |
The Lạc Việt ({{linktext|雒|越}}; pinyin: Luòyuè ← Middle Chinese: *lɑk̚-ɦʉɐt̚ ← Old Chinese ZS: *ɡ·raːɡ-ɢʷad) were an ancient conglomeration of Yue tribes that inhabited what is today Guangxi in Southern China and the lowland plains of Northern Vietnam, particularly the marshy, agriculturally rich areas of the Red River Delta.[1] They are particularly associated with the Bronze Age Đông Sơn culture of mainland Southeast Asia.[2] In Vietnamese mythology, the Lạc, a giant, crane-like bird appeared to the ancient tribes in southern China and guided them through a difficult journey to northern Vietnam. This mysterious bird was later depicted on the elaborate bronze drums from the northern Vietnamese Đông Sơn culture that flourished during the Bronze Age. The Lạc people's ancestors called themselves the Lạc Việt after the bird in its honor.[3] Japanese scholar Gotō Kimpei links the ethnonym Lạc to Vietnamese noun(s) lạch~rạch "ditch, canal, waterway", as the floody, swampy Red River delta must be drained to be suitable for agriculture, and Chinese observers indeed remarked that the Lạc fields depended on water-control systems like tidal-irrigation[4] The Lạc Việt are believed to have founded a state called Văn Lang in 2879 BC. The people of Văn Lang traded with the upland-based Âu Việt people, who lived in the mountainous regions of what are today northernmost Vietnam, western Guangdong, and northern Guangxi, China, to their north, until 258 BC or 257 BC, when Thục Phán, the leader of the alliance of Âu Việt tribes, invaded Văn Lang and defeated the last Hùng king. He united the two kingdoms, naming the new nation Âu Lạc and taking a Sino-Vietnamese title, "peaceful virile king" ({{cjkv|c=安陽王|v=An Dương Vương}}).[5] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=SarDesai|first=D. R.|title=Vietnam, Past and Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kuV2267_KDUC&pg=PA10|year=1998|publisher=Avalon Publishing|isbn=978-0-8133-3435-6|page=10}} {{Historical Non-Chinese peoples in China}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lac Viet}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Hoàng |first=Anh Tuấn|authorlink=Hoàng Anh Tuấn|title=Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese Rerlations ; 1637 - 1700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFFfRz8tBrMC&pg=PA12|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-15601-1|page=12}} 3. ^{{cite web|publisher=theculturetrip|title=Lạc Việt: The Myth of Vietnam's Forbidden Kingdom|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/vietnam/articles/lac-viet-the-myth-of-vietnams-forbidden-kingdom/}} 4. ^Keith Taylor (1983). The Birth of Vietnam, University of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angeles. p. 10. Note 50 5. ^{{cite book|last=Chapuis|first=Oscar|authorlink=Oscar Chapuis|title=A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jskyi00bspcC&pg=PA13|year=1995|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-29622-2|page=13}} 6 : 3rd-century BC Asian people|Ancient Vietnam|Ancient peoples of China|History of Guangxi|Nanyue|Red River Delta |
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