| 词条 | David Bergelson |
| 释义 |
| name = David Bergelson | image = David_Bergelson_with_son_Lev.jpg | alt = | caption = David Bergelson with his son Lev | birth_date = {{Birth date|1884|8|12|df=y}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1952|8|12|1884|8|12|df=y}} | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = Yiddish Writer | occupation = }} David (or Dovid) Bergelson (דוד בערגעלסאָן) (12 August 1884 – 12 August 1952) was a Yiddish language writer. Ukrainian-born, he lived for a time in Berlin, Germany. He moved back to the Soviet Union when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. He was ultimately executed during an antisemitic campaign against "rootless cosmopolitans". BiographyBorn in the Ukrainian shtetl of Okhrimovo (also known as Okhrimovka), he first became known as a writer in the wake of the failed Russian Revolution of 1905. From a Hasidic background, but having received both religious and secular education, much of his writing is reminiscent of Anton Chekhov: stories of "largely secular, frustrated young people…, ineffectual intellectuals…",{{sfn|Hoberman|2005|page=34}} frustrated by the provincial shtetl life. Writing at first in Hebrew and Russian, he only met success when he turned to his native Yiddish; his first successful book was Arum Vokzal (At the Depot) a novella, published at his own expense in 1909 in Warsaw. In 1917, he founded the avant garde Jidishe Kultur Lige (Yiddish Culture League) in Kiev. In spring 1921 he moved to Berlin, which would be his base throughout the years of the Weimar Republic, although he traveled extensively through Europe and also visited the United States in 1929-30, to cities such as Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York (as documented by video link.[1]) According to J. Hoberman, he was "the best-known (and certainly the best-paid) Russian Yiddish writer of the 1920s".{{sfn|Hoberman|2005|page=36}} Until the mid-1920s he wrote for the New York City-based Yiddish-language newspaper The Forward. His 1926 essay "Three Centers" expressed a belief that the Soviet Union (where Yiddish language and literature were then receiving official patronage) had eclipsed the assimilationist United States and backwards Poland as the great future locus of Yiddish literature. He began writing for the Communist Yiddish press in both New York (Morgen Freiheit) and Moscow (Emes), and moved to the Soviet Union in 1933, around the time the Nazis came to power in Germany. He was positively impressed with the Jewish Autonomous Republic of Birobidzhan, and participated in the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee during World War II. However, like many Jewish writers, he became a target of the antisemitic campaign against "rootless cosmopolitans". Arrested in January 1949, he was tried secretly and executed by a firing squad in the event known as the Night of the Murdered Poets on 12–13 August 1952. After Stalin's death, he was posthumously rehabilitated in 1955, and his complete works were published in the Soviet Union in 1961. Bergelson's only child, Lev, was an eminent Soviet biochemist who also served as a Soviet Army captain during World War II. Prof. Lev Bergelson emigrated to Israel in 1991 with his wife Naomi, where both he and his wife died in 2014. WorksThe following is a partial list of Bergelson's works.
Translations into English
Notes1. ^{{cite web|title=YIVO/Dovid Bergelson|url=http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/search.aspx?query=A+man+diving+into+the+new+swimming+pool|website=YIVO|publisher=YIVO Institute for Jewish Research|accessdate=20 July 2014}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Bergelson; Sherman|first1=Dovid; Joseph|title=Descent (Joseph|date=1999|publisher=MLA|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-87352-788-0|pages=xvii}} References
External links
13 : 1884 births|1952 deaths|People from Sarny|Imperial Russian Jews|Ukrainian Jews|Soviet Jews|Yiddish-language writers|Yiddish-language playwrights|Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Jewish people executed by the Soviet Union|Soviet show trials|Soviet rehabilitations|Murdered male writers |
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