| 词条 | M10 highway (Russia) |
| 释义 |
|country=RUS |type=M |route=10 |alternate_name=Russia–Scandinavia Highway |map=M10 locator.svg |map_notes= |length_km=872 |length_round= |length_ref= |established= |direction_a=South |terminus_a=Moscow |junction= |direction_b=North |terminus_b=Saint Petersburg |previous_type=M |previous_route=9 |next_type=M |next_route=11 |ahn = {{AHN-AH|8|RUS}} |e-road= {{BAB-E|18|RUS}}{{BAB-E|105|RUS}} }} The M10 is a federal highway in Russia connecting the country's two largest cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Other than in the vicinity of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, the M10 is basically a two-lane highway (one lane for each direction), with an occasional third centre lane to allow overtaking or for left-turning traffic at intersections. HistoryThe highway Moscow - Tver - Novgorod existed even before the founding of Saint Petersburg. Along the way there were special checkpoints (Yam) in particular Yedrovo, Valday, Yazhelbitsy, Krestsy, and Bronnitsa. The first road, {{convert|778|km|mi}} long, in this area was built by order of Peter the Great from 1712 to 1746. The construction of this road was run by an office that formed for this purpose. After the completion of the road in 1755, it was transformed into the Office of the structure of public roads and later was known as the Commission on the Roads in the State.[1] RouteMoscow to Saint PetersburgThe distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg by M10 is approximately 700 km. The route runs through or near the cities and settlements of Khimki, Zelenograd, Solnechnogorsk, Klin, Tver, Torzhok, Vyshny Volochyok, Valdai, Kresttsy, Veliky Novgorod, Chudovo, Tosno and reaches the city border of Saint Petersburg in Pushkinsky District. It is known as "Russia" ({{lang-ru|Россия}}) highway and is part of European route E105. In Moscow, the Leningrad Highway ({{lang-ru|Ленинградское шоссе}}), begins from a junction of Leningradsky Prospekt avenue with the Volokolamsk Highway To the Moscow centre, the avenue continues into 1st Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street and then Tverskaya Street to Manege Square in the heart of the city. The 'unofficial' end of the highway is since the Tsars' era commonly considered to be the Central Post Office of Saint Petersburg ({{lang-ru|Главпочтамт}}). Actually the Moscow Highway begins from the Victory Square in Moskovsky raion in the southern part of the city and Moskovsky Prospekt avenue which begins in the city centre on Sennaya Square, connects the highway with the centre of Saint Petersburg. The new 4 lane toll road parallel to M10 is claimed to be finished by 2018.[2] Most parts were opened before June 2018. Saint Petersburg to the border with FinlandFrom Saint Petersburg city centre to the Finnish border the distance is approximately 210 km. The route section between Saint Petersburg, and the border with Finland is known as the "Scandinavia" ({{lang-ru|Скандинавия}}) highway and has officially been renamed to route A181, though the designation M10 stayed valid until 31 December 2017 as well.[3] This section is a part of the European route E18. News about the plans to expand this route section to a motorway with three lanes in each direction came out in August 2011.[4] CharacteristicsTemperature range is almost unchanged : the annual average temperature throughout the section of the path may vary between 2 and 4 °C, the average temperature in January is -11 °C, in July +19 °C. The road crosses the river Sister (a tributary of the Dubna )(near Klin), Volga (in Tver), Msta (near Novoselitsy), Volkhov (at Krechevitsy), etc. bridges longer than 50 m have a capacity of 60-80 tons. In Tver region (127 km, 132 miles), there are bridges with carrying capacity of 40 tons. The road has from 2 to 10 lanes (in both directions, mostly 2). Width of the carriageway on the main stretch of road 8–11 meters. High-speed mode : 30 km / h ( at repair and detours ) to 90 km / h. However, on a segment on the territory of Moscow and Moscow region regular flow(traffic) rate exceeds the allowable limit by 30–50 km / h. In general, the M -10 is considered as full of accidents and stressful. Large flow of freight transport.[5] References{{commons category|M10 highway (Russia)}}1. ^{{cite web |last=Марговенко |first=Алексей |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |url=http://magazines.russ.ru/ural/2004/10/mar11.html |title=Дороги царей |work= |publisher=журнал «Урал» 2004 год, № 10 |accessdate=29 January 2008 |language=Russian |description= |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/619rX4S71?url=http://magazines.russ.ru/ural/2004/10/mar11.html |archivedate=23 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }} {{Russian federal highways}}2. ^{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/infografika/20100426/226951885.html |title=Будущая платная трасса Москва-Петербург |language=Russian |date=26 April 2010 |publisher=РИАНовости (RIANews) }} 3. ^НОВОСТИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407062825/http://www.kodeks-luks.ru/ciws/site?tid=0&nd=902246832&prevDoc=902246832&mark=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000065E0IS |date=2012-04-07 }} 4. ^Трассу «Скандинавия» реконструируют и расширят до шести полос 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.alfatrans.ru/pages/m10.html |script-title=ru:М-10 "Россия" |publisher=ООО "Транспортно-экспедиционная компания "АльфаТранс" |language=Russian |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68B6qc2m6?url=http://www.alfatrans.ru/pages/m10.html |archivedate=2012-06-04 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 1 : Roads in Russia |
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